1. “ SOURCES OF ENERGY” RENEWABLE AND NON RENEWABLE PRESENTED BY: ABHIRAJ CHAKRABARTI MBA- HEALTH AND HOSPITAL ROLL NO. 001

2. Types of resources. Problems of Non-renewable energy & methods to reduce pollution and conserve resources.

5. A resource is anything we can use to help us live and work Oil, coal, gas, trees, soil, wind, waves, sun, people, the countryside, water, rocks etc Conflict over ownership, depletion, pollution

7. WHY HAS RESOURCE USE INCREASED? Population Increase Increase in Technology Increase in purchasing power in LEDCs Increase in disposable income.

8. Fuel Use

9. Wealth (1990) Fuel Use (2002)

14. Natural resource Renewable resource Non-renewable resource Energy Fuel

18. Energy sources

19. Non-renewable energy resources Non-renewable types of energy can only be used once. There is a finite amount of these materials on the Earth so they will run out eventually. Non-renewable resources make up approximately 95% of the world’s energy. fossil fuels nuclear coal gas oil fuelwood Non-renewable energy biomass mineral

20. Fossil fuels – How much is left ?

22. Advantages of using fossil fuels

24. Acid Rain

25. How can acid rain be managed? gas flue desulfurization (water is sprayed down the chimneys and this turns the gases to sulfuric and nitric acids) construct taller chimneys use less energy more efficiently fluidized bed technology (limestone is burnt with the coal so that the sulfur remains with the limestone) burn coal that contains less sulfur use more nuclear or renewable energy

26. Environmental Concerns The warming of the Earth’s atmosphere, probably due to increased emissions of carbon dioxide. Global Warming

27. Greenhouse Effect

29. The predicted impacts of global warming on the world. Bangladesh is already prone to flooding, so rising water levels could devastate the country. Rising temperatures worldwide would cause ski resorts to be wrecked as heat will melt the snow & ice there. Water shortages in the Middle East would cause the River Nile to dry up due to intense evaporation. Mediterranean beaches will vanish as water levels rise. Sahara desert could move northwards, even as far as Spain. Arctic ice cap melts. Heavy storms not only threaten southern USA, but also the insurance companies in the area face bankruptcy. Forests are damaged by heat and drought Permafrost ground will melt, causing massive landslides. Oil pipelines, houses and road foundations will be disintegrated

30. Below are a list of things that could be done to try to tackle global warming. Switch off lights & appliances Taxes on high polluting industries Choose energy efficient appliances Sign up to the Kyoto Protocol Recycle Use less fossil fuels and more renewable energy sources Use energy efficient transport Car sharing Improved public transport Higher taxes on polluting cars Grants for businesses that have clean policies Energy efficient light bulbs Offset carbon emissions Local Holidays

35. How else can we preserve resources and reduce pollution? Resource Substitution This is where you use one product in place of another one. For example using aluminium instead of tin cans as it is cheaper and easier to recycle. Recycling Recovery of waste products by converting them into materials that can be used again. For example glass bottles, aluminium cans (only uses 5% of energy it takes to make them from scratch) Energy Efficiency Measures to reduce heat and energy loss. Individually this means switching off lights, using low energy light bulbs, insulating our homes. Also government has introduced building regulations and energy efficiency ratings on electrical products, more energy efficient cars – car in Europe is on average 90% cleaner than 10 years ago. Reducing Pollution Measures to stop emission reaching atmosphere or cleaning the emissions before they do. For example. fitting giant scrubbers on coal power stations, trying to switch from coal to gas power stations and fitting catalytic converters to cars. Alternative Energy Sources Energy sources that can be used instead of fossil fuels. These can include nuclear or renewable sources such as wind or solar.

37. ENERGY DEMANDS OF VARIOUS COUNTRIES LEADING TO FUEL EXPLORATIONS IN THE ANTARTICA!!!

39. Renewable Energy Resources

45. Use of renewable sources of energy heat electricity Vehicle fuel Water power yes Biomass energy yes yes yes Wind power yes Solar energy yes yes Geothermal energy yes yes

56. Consumption of Renewable Energy in the India 2002

57. Biomass Technology chart. Technology Conversion process type Major Biomass Feedstock Energy or fuel produced . Direct Combustion Thermo chemical Wood, agri waste etc. Heat, steam, elec Gasification Thermochemicl Wood, agri waste, solid waste. low or med Btu producer gas. Pyrolysis Thermochemicl Same as above Synthetic fuel oil Anaerobic digestion Biochemical Anaerobic Animal Manure,landfills Medium Btu Gas. Ethanol Production Biochemical Aerobic Sugar, starch,pulp etc. Ethanol Bio diesel Productn Chemical Soy beans,animal fats. Biodiesel Methanol Production Thermochemical Wood, agri waste, solid waste. Methanol

65. Power production status of non-conventional energy in India Renewable Power Potential Achieved Wind Power 20,000 MW 1,000 MW Small Hydro Power 10,000 MW 172 MW Biomass 20,000 MW 141 MW Solar photo-voltic Power 20 MW/sq.km 810 KW