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THE RISE OF INNOVATION DISTRICTS 
A New Geography of Innovation in America 
United States Conference of Mayors 
Sacramento, CA | September 28, 2014 
Metropolitan Policy Program 
at BROOKINGS
“The new generation of cities looks 
very different than how cities have looked 
in the past. 
Today, we are entering the era of Cities 3.0. 
In this era, the city is a hub of innovation, 
entrepreneurship and technology.” 
- Mayor Kevin Johnson
1 2 3 
1 
The Rise of Innovation Districts
INDUSTRIAL DISTRICT 
RESEARCH PARK 
INNOVATION DISTRICT
Our open, innovative economy craves proximity and extols 
integration.
Source: Flikr user: Willem Van Buren
Our open, innovative economy craves proximity and extols 
integration. 
Our diverse population is demanding more and better 
choices in where they live, work, and play.
Married couples with children 
represent under 20% of 
households, down from 
40% in 1970 
Walking access to bus stop is 
most desired amenity for 
older Americans 
40% of millennials prefer 
cities, versus only 28% of 
Americans as a whole 
Altered family structure Older Americans Millennials
Our open, innovative economy craves proximity and extols 
integration. 
Our diverse population is demanding more and better 
choices in where they live, work, and play. 
These trends revalue cities and “cityness.”
Innovation 
District 
In• no• va• tion 
Dis •trict 
Geographic area where anchor institutions and 
companies cluster and connect with small firms, 
start-ups, business incubators and accelerators. 
Physically compact, transit-accessible, and technically 
wired, they offer mixed-use housing, office and retail.
“For each new high-tech job in a metropolitan 
area, five additional local jobs are created 
outside of high tech in the long run.” 
- Economist Enrico Moretti in The New Geography of Jobs
Anchor-driven in 
midtown/downtown areas 
Within or near waterfronts 
or other old industrial areas 
Innovation District Models 
Urbanized Science Park 
Outside of the city core where 
suburban parks are urbanizing 
Anchor Plus 
Re-imagined Urban Area
Cambridge - MIT 
Philadelphia - University City 
St. Louis - CORTEX
Seattle - South Lake Union Brooklyn - Navy Yard 
Boston - Seaport
Research Triangle Park 
University of Virginia 
University of Arizona Tech Park
Deconstructing Districts 
1 2 2 
3
Economic 
Assets 
Networking 
Assets 
Innovation 
Ecosystem 
Physical 
Assets
Economic 
Assets 
Source: Drexel University
High-value, research-oriented 
firms 
Economic 
Assets
High-value, research- Highly creative fields 
oriented firms 
Economic 
Assets
High-value, research- Highly creative fields Small-batch manufacturing 
oriented firms 
Economic 
Assets
Economic 
Assets 
Networking 
Assets 
Physical 
Assets
Physical 
Assets 
Barcelona City Council. Area of Economy, Business and Employment Source: Downtown Detroit Partnership Office Source: High Tech Campus Eindhoven
Physical 
Assets 
Source: Cortex
Physical 
Assets 
Source: Gustav Hoiland
Stockholm Life 2010 Stockholm Life 2025 
Physical 
Assets 
Source: mot öste Source: WSP
Economic 
Assets 
Physical 
Assets 
Networking 
Assets
Strong ties: Tech Regulars at Eindhoven 
Source: High Tech Campus Eindhoven 
Networking 
Assets
Weak ties: Networking breakfasts at 22@Barcelona 
Source: Barcelona City Council. Area of Economy, Business and Employment 
Networking 
Assets
Economic 
Assets 
Networking 
Assets 
Innovation 
Ecosystem 
Physical 
Assets
CORTEX St. Louis 
FOREST 
PARK 
Base map by Stamen Design, maps.stamen.com 
CORTEX DISTRICT
CORTEX St. Louis 
FOREST 
PARK 
Base map by Stamen Design, maps.stamen.com 
WASHINGTON 
UNIVERSITY MEDICAL 
SCHOOL CAMPUS 
SHRINER’S 
HOSPITAL 
BJC HEALTHCARE 
HOSPITAL CAMPUS 
ST. LOUIS UNIVERSITY
CORTEX St. Louis 
FOREST 
PARK 
Base map by Stamen Design, maps.stamen.com 
ST. LOUIS COLLEGE 
OF PHARMACY 
WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY 
GENOMICS INSTITUTE 
WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY 
GENOME DATA CENTER 
COFACTOR 
GENOMICS 
SOLAE/DUPONT 
FDA 
BJC HEALTHCARE 
GOLDFARB SCHOOL 
OF NURSING
CORTEX St. Louis 
FOREST 
PARK 
METROLINK 
to Downtown 
St. Louis 
Base map by Stamen Design, maps.stamen.com 
METROLINK 
to Washington 
University 
CORTEX 
COMMONS 
FUTURE CORTEX 
METRO STATION 
(2016)
CORTEX St. Louis 
TECHSHOP ST. LOUIS 
FOREST 
PARK 
Base map by Stamen Design, maps.stamen.com 
@4240 
CAMBRIDGE INNOVATION CENTER 
CORTEX I 
BIOGENERATOR 
ACCELERATOR LAB 
CENTER FOR EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES 
BIOGENERATOR
1 2 3 
3 A Path Forward
1 Create Your Network 
Government Metropolitan Network
1 Create Your Network 
Michael Bloomberg 
New York City 
Thomas Menino 
Boston 
Mike Duggan 
Detroit
2 Set Your Vision 
Economic 
Assets 
Networking 
Assets 
Innovation 
Ecosystem 
Physical 
Assets
2 Set Your Vision
2 Set Your Vision 
Source: Boston Redevelopment Authority
2 Set Your Vision
3 Strategies for Success 
New York City 
APPLIED 
SCIENCES NYC 
Boston Detroit 
Invest 
Detroit
THE RISE OF INNOVATION DISTRICTS 
A New Geography of Innovation in America 
United States Conference of Mayors 
Sacramento, CA | September 28, 2014 
Metropolitan Policy Program 
at BROOKINGS
Metropolitan Policy Program 
at BROOKINGS

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The Rise of Innovation Districts

  • 1. THE RISE OF INNOVATION DISTRICTS A New Geography of Innovation in America United States Conference of Mayors Sacramento, CA | September 28, 2014 Metropolitan Policy Program at BROOKINGS
  • 2. “The new generation of cities looks very different than how cities have looked in the past. Today, we are entering the era of Cities 3.0. In this era, the city is a hub of innovation, entrepreneurship and technology.” - Mayor Kevin Johnson
  • 3. 1 2 3 1 The Rise of Innovation Districts
  • 4. INDUSTRIAL DISTRICT RESEARCH PARK INNOVATION DISTRICT
  • 5. Our open, innovative economy craves proximity and extols integration.
  • 6.
  • 7. Source: Flikr user: Willem Van Buren
  • 8. Our open, innovative economy craves proximity and extols integration. Our diverse population is demanding more and better choices in where they live, work, and play.
  • 9. Married couples with children represent under 20% of households, down from 40% in 1970 Walking access to bus stop is most desired amenity for older Americans 40% of millennials prefer cities, versus only 28% of Americans as a whole Altered family structure Older Americans Millennials
  • 10. Our open, innovative economy craves proximity and extols integration. Our diverse population is demanding more and better choices in where they live, work, and play. These trends revalue cities and “cityness.”
  • 11.
  • 12. Innovation District In• no• va• tion Dis •trict Geographic area where anchor institutions and companies cluster and connect with small firms, start-ups, business incubators and accelerators. Physically compact, transit-accessible, and technically wired, they offer mixed-use housing, office and retail.
  • 13. “For each new high-tech job in a metropolitan area, five additional local jobs are created outside of high tech in the long run.” - Economist Enrico Moretti in The New Geography of Jobs
  • 14. Anchor-driven in midtown/downtown areas Within or near waterfronts or other old industrial areas Innovation District Models Urbanized Science Park Outside of the city core where suburban parks are urbanizing Anchor Plus Re-imagined Urban Area
  • 15. Cambridge - MIT Philadelphia - University City St. Louis - CORTEX
  • 16. Seattle - South Lake Union Brooklyn - Navy Yard Boston - Seaport
  • 17. Research Triangle Park University of Virginia University of Arizona Tech Park
  • 19. Economic Assets Networking Assets Innovation Ecosystem Physical Assets
  • 20. Economic Assets Source: Drexel University
  • 22. High-value, research- Highly creative fields oriented firms Economic Assets
  • 23. High-value, research- Highly creative fields Small-batch manufacturing oriented firms Economic Assets
  • 24. Economic Assets Networking Assets Physical Assets
  • 25. Physical Assets Barcelona City Council. Area of Economy, Business and Employment Source: Downtown Detroit Partnership Office Source: High Tech Campus Eindhoven
  • 27. Physical Assets Source: Gustav Hoiland
  • 28. Stockholm Life 2010 Stockholm Life 2025 Physical Assets Source: mot öste Source: WSP
  • 29. Economic Assets Physical Assets Networking Assets
  • 30. Strong ties: Tech Regulars at Eindhoven Source: High Tech Campus Eindhoven Networking Assets
  • 31. Weak ties: Networking breakfasts at 22@Barcelona Source: Barcelona City Council. Area of Economy, Business and Employment Networking Assets
  • 32. Economic Assets Networking Assets Innovation Ecosystem Physical Assets
  • 33. CORTEX St. Louis FOREST PARK Base map by Stamen Design, maps.stamen.com CORTEX DISTRICT
  • 34. CORTEX St. Louis FOREST PARK Base map by Stamen Design, maps.stamen.com WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL SCHOOL CAMPUS SHRINER’S HOSPITAL BJC HEALTHCARE HOSPITAL CAMPUS ST. LOUIS UNIVERSITY
  • 35. CORTEX St. Louis FOREST PARK Base map by Stamen Design, maps.stamen.com ST. LOUIS COLLEGE OF PHARMACY WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY GENOMICS INSTITUTE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY GENOME DATA CENTER COFACTOR GENOMICS SOLAE/DUPONT FDA BJC HEALTHCARE GOLDFARB SCHOOL OF NURSING
  • 36. CORTEX St. Louis FOREST PARK METROLINK to Downtown St. Louis Base map by Stamen Design, maps.stamen.com METROLINK to Washington University CORTEX COMMONS FUTURE CORTEX METRO STATION (2016)
  • 37. CORTEX St. Louis TECHSHOP ST. LOUIS FOREST PARK Base map by Stamen Design, maps.stamen.com @4240 CAMBRIDGE INNOVATION CENTER CORTEX I BIOGENERATOR ACCELERATOR LAB CENTER FOR EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES BIOGENERATOR
  • 38. 1 2 3 3 A Path Forward
  • 39. 1 Create Your Network Government Metropolitan Network
  • 40. 1 Create Your Network Michael Bloomberg New York City Thomas Menino Boston Mike Duggan Detroit
  • 41. 2 Set Your Vision Economic Assets Networking Assets Innovation Ecosystem Physical Assets
  • 42. 2 Set Your Vision
  • 43. 2 Set Your Vision Source: Boston Redevelopment Authority
  • 44. 2 Set Your Vision
  • 45. 3 Strategies for Success New York City APPLIED SCIENCES NYC Boston Detroit Invest Detroit
  • 46. THE RISE OF INNOVATION DISTRICTS A New Geography of Innovation in America United States Conference of Mayors Sacramento, CA | September 28, 2014 Metropolitan Policy Program at BROOKINGS