This presentation uses the Dick and Carey Model of Instructional Design to describe important categories when analyzing learners.

2.  Entry Skills
 Prior Knowledge of Topic Area
 Attitudes toward Content and Potential
Delivery System
 Academic Motivation (ARCS)
 Educational and Ability Levels
 General Learning Preferences
 Attitudes Toward the Organization Giving
the Instruction
 Group Characteristics

3.  Certain skills that are already mastered
(in relation to Learning Goal)
 Learners’ experience or knowledge and
attitudes
 Influence the outcome of the instruction
 Examples: Able to add or subtract, able
to read.

4.  What learners already know about the
specific topic
 Partial knowledge
 Misconceptions

5.  Learners’ impression and attitude of
topic or how it will/may be delivered
 Preconceived notions
 Learners’ expectations
 Example: Students to not want to learn a
new app on the computer. They would
rather learn it on their smartphones.

6.  Some consider this the most important
factor in creating a successful lesson plan
 ARCS model:
attention, relevance, confidence, satisfacti
on
 ARCS helps to obtain information from
learners
 Never assume!
 Example question to ask learners BEFORE
instruction: Do you believe this goal is
relevant for you?

7.  General and Achievement levels of
learners
 Ability to cope with new instruction
 Previous instructional experiences

8.  Willingness to explore new modes for
learning
 Do they like
lecture/discussion, seminar, case
studies, etc.
 Learning Style!
 Learning Skills and Preferences

9.  What kind of attitude do the learners
have toward
management, peers, school, teachers, e
tc.
 Cynical or Positive?
 Determines the success of the instruction
 Those with positive attitudes about the
organization and their peers are more
likely to use the skills. (Dick and Carey)

10.  Accommodate diversity
 Overall impression of the target
population.
 All based on direct interaction, not
assumption!
 Used for Objective development
 Helps with motivation strategies and
different ways of teaching the content