HRD 411 Class project: Lesson 1: Bloodborne Pathogens Presented by Team 4: Pam Burton, Jen Weitekamp, Kelly Hammond, Bogdan Oprica

1. Bloodborne Pathogens Training Program
Presented by Team 4: Pam Burton, Jen Weitekamp, Kelly Hammond, Bogdan Oprica
HRD 411

2. Introduction
Overview & Orientation
Course Overview
Lesson 1:
What are Bloodborne Pathogens?
Lesson 2:
Personal Protective Equipment
Summary & Closing
Taking BBP training into the Workplace

3. Overview & Icebreaker
Welcome to Bloodborne Pathogen Training
• This Training program presents Bloodborne
pathogens, how they are spread and how to protect
yourself.
• As part of this training there will be a hands-on
practical approach.
• The materials needed are included in the
learning pack you received in the mail.
Orientation :
Before starting lesson 1:
• Complete the online orientation
• Install any plug-in’s as needed
• Post Icebreaker Discussion

4. Lesson 1: What are Bloodborne Pathogens?
Lesson Goal:
Develop an understanding of bloodborne pathogens,
how they are transmitted and the importance of
Universal Precautions.
Lesson Objectives:
At the end of this lesson you will be able to :
1. Identify the major bloodborne pathogens.
2. Describe ways in which bloodborne pathogens can be transmitted.
3. Explain why strict adherence to Universal Precautions is essential in
preventing the spread of infection.
Lesson Overview:
Lesson 1 includes this presentation, video’s and a case
study discussion. You should have already completed
the pre-test before watching this presentation.

5. Lesson 1: What are Bloodborne Pathogens?
What Are Bloodborne Pathogens?
They are infectious microorganisms present in blood that can cause
disease in humans. These pathogens include, but are not limited to:
● Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
● Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)
● Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
○ Virus that causes AID’s
● Other Potentially Infectious material
● Workers exposed to bloodborne pathogens are at risk for serious
or life-threatening illnesses
Other Potentially Infectious
Material - OPIM:
● Other Body fluids that may contain blood
○ Semen
○ Vaginal Secretions
○ Saliva
○ Body Fluids that cannot be
recognized
● Consider ALL blood & OPIM as biohazard.

6. Other Infections Transmitted by Blood & OPIM
Other Infections transmitted by blood & OPIM
● Hepatitis A
● Staph
● Strep
● Gastroenteritis-salmonella
● Shigella
● Pneumonia
● Syphilis
● TB
● Malaria
● Measles
● Chicken Pox
● Herpes
● Ebola (In addition to universal precautions, will require more specific
protection)

7. Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Common Symptoms
 Abdominal Pain
 Dark Urine
 Fever
 Joint Pain
 Loss of appetite
 Nausea & Vomiting
 Weakness & fatigue
 Yellowing of skin & whites of eyes (jaundice)
Virus attacks the liver. Can be acute or develop chronic HBV.
• A vaccine can prevent HBV, but there is no cure if you become infected.
• Acute: lasts less than 6 months
• Chronic: last 6 months or longer. For some, it may last a lifetime.
• Symptoms usually develop 3 months after exposure
How widespread is HBV ?
• 1 out 20 people in the US will become infected some time during their lives.
• Estimated 1.25 million chronically infected Americans.
Source: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hepatitis-b/basics/definition/con-20022210 ( Photo Credit:
http://www.medicinenet.com/hepatitis_pictures_slideshow/article.htm

8. Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Common Symptoms
 Feeling very tired / fatigued
 Sore muscles
 Joint Pain
 Fever
 Nausea or poor appetite
 Stomach pain
 Itchy skin
 Dark Urine
 Jaundice
70-80% of people with acute HCV do not show symptoms. If symptoms do occur,
they usually appear 2 weeks -6 months after exposure. Generally mild, flu like
symptoms.
Most develop chronic HCV. Is not uncommon to have HCV for 15 years or longer
before being diagnosed.
Source:
http://hepc.liverfoundation.org/diagnosis/symptoms-of-hep-
c/
Photo Source:
http://www.webmd.com/hepatitis/ss/slid
eshow-hepatitis-overview

9. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Common Symptoms
Stages of HIV Infection
Early Stage (Acute): Within 2-4 weeks of exposure.
Many but not all will experience flu-like symptoms.
“Worst Flu Ever”
 Primary HIV Infection – body’s response to HIV
 Lasts from a few days to several weeks.
Clinical Latency Stage: can last for several decades
if taking medication.
May last for 10 years if NOT taking medication.
• Symptom Free
• Can transmit the virus
Progression to AIDS: The onset of symptoms indicates transition to AIDS
• Rapid weight loss
• Recurring fever or profuse night sweats
• Extreme unexplained tiredness
• Prolonged swelling of lymph nodes
• Diarrhea that lasts more than a week
• Sores of the mouth, anus or genitals
• Pneumonia
• Memory loss, depression
• Red, brown, pink or purple blotches on or under the skin or inside mouth, nose or eyelids.
Source & Photo Credit : http://www.aids.gov/hiv-aids-basics/hiv-aids-101/signs-and-symptoms/

10. Bloodborne Pathogens: Who Is At Risk?
Who is At Risk?
Anyone with a reasonable chance for
occupational exposure to blood or blood
containing materials. (OPIM)

11. Modes of Transmission
Modes of Transmission
• Direct contact through skin or mucous membranes.
Blood or OPIM through open cuts or wounds.
Blood or OPIM into eyes, mouth, nares.
Unprotected homosexual or heterosexual contact.
• Casual contact, eating utensils, beds, toilets is not a means of
disease transmission.
• Risk of transmission extremely low or non-existent:
Feces nasal secretions
Saliva sputum
Sweat tears
Urine vomitus
Unless visible blood is present.

12. Universal Precautions AKA Standard Precautions
Universal Precautions are standards
designed to protect workers from exposure
to diseases spread by blood and other body
fluids.
• Wash hands before and after potential
exposure
• Use Personal Protective Equipment
Gloves
Face Protection
Gown
• Properly disinfect and clean
• Properly dispose of biohazardious
materials

13. PACT is an acronym that was developed by the American Heart Association to assist in
remember how to protect yourself from Bloodborne Pathogens.
PACT
Protect - Use Personal Protective Equipment to protect yourself
Act – take necessary action in the event a potential biohazard
Clean- properly clean and disinfect the area
Tell – tell your supervisor about the event

14. PACT
PROTECT
ACT
CLEAN
TELL
Protect ~ Act ~ Clean ~ Tell

15. Lesson 1 Summary
• Bloodborne Pathogens can be deadly
• Always treat blood and body fluids as
contaminated/biohazardous
• PACT: Protect, Act, Clean, Tell
• Wash Hands & Use PPE
What’s next:
• Watch the videos
• Complete the Case Study Discussion