Media Literacy: A Continuum
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Panel presentation at 2013 APA National Convention, August 2013. The experiential and structural shifts in communication technologies introduced by the Internet age that have created a continuum of activity from consumption to production. Just as we’re trying to make sense out of the proliferation of media technologies, we have to ask the question: how do we see the role of media literacy? How we answer that will drive how we define and implement media literacy education.
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Media Literacy: A Continuum
- 1. APA ANNUAL CONVENTION JULY 31-AUGUST 4, 2013 HONOLULU, HAWAI’I Media Literacy An Imperative Not A Luxury #medialiteracy
- 2. Media Literacy: A Continuum of Engagement Dr. Pamela Rutledge Director, Media Psychology Research Center @pamelarutledge 1
- 3. APA ANNUAL CONVENTION JULY 31-AUGUST 4, 2013 HONOLULU, HAWAI’I Pamela Rutledge, PhD, MBA • Director, Media Psychology Research Center • Faculty, Massachusetts School Of Professional Psychology and Instructor, UC Irvine Extension • Blogger, Psychology Today, Positively Media • Research interests: narratives, empowerment and self-efficacy in the new media environment • Expert source for the media on psychological implications of emerging technologies APA ANNUAL CONVENTION JULY 31-AUGUST 4, 2013 HONOLULU, HAWAI’I @pamelarutledge #medialit
- 4. #medialit
- 5. #medialit
- 6. 95%of teens 12-17 use Facebook 70% access Facebook using smartphones #medialit
- 7. 6 billionhours of videos watched each month #medialit
- 8. http://www.bgr.com/2012/05/09/mobile-apps-infographic-wake-up- call/ 250billion 2012: Number of apps downloaded from iTunes Store #medialit
- 9. 39,327,887Lady Gaga’s Twitter followers #medialit
- 10. 90%of media interaction is screen-based #medialit
- 11. 77%use a second device while watching television 49% smartphone 39% laptop #medialit
- 12. http://janrain.com/blog/expedite-checkout-process-social-login/ 84%Internet users actively comparison shop before making a purchase #medialit
- 13. $30,000,000in text message donations to for Haitian relief efforts 14% of all donations#medialit
- 14. 12/13 When Google plans to release Google glasses 100 billion AR apps used daily by 2020
- 15. APA ANNUAL CONVENTION JULY 31-AUGUST 4, 2013 HONOLULU, HAWAI’I Lecture Hall & The Cocktail Party #medialit
- 18. APA ANNUAL CONVENTION JULY 31-AUGUST 4, 2013 HONOLULU, HAWAI’I Interactive ⌘ On-Demand ⌫ Asynchronous ⌥ Broad Access Structural and Experiential Changes #medialit
- 19. APA ANNUAL CONVENTION JULY 31-AUGUST 4, 2013 HONOLULU, HAWAI’I New Expectations and Meaning • Participation • Voice • Collaboration • Social connection • Personalization #medialit
- 20. Participatory Culture • Lower barriers to participation • Support for creating and sharing • Informal connections, collaboration and problem- solving, peer to peer learning • Shape flow of media and social discourse, diversification of cultural expression • Flattened hierarchy • Empowered citizenship #medialit
- 23. and the need for new skills
- 24. APA ANNUAL CONVENTION JULY 31-AUGUST 4, 2013 HONOLULU, HAWAI’I across the lifespan #medialit
- 25. 21st Century Competencies • Access – Search and sharing • Critical Thinking – Quality, credibility, perspective – Consequences – Safety, privacy – Ethical judgment • Creation – Self-expression and competence #medialit
- 26. What’s the hold up? #medialit
- 27. APA ANNUAL CONVENTION JULY 31-AUGUST 4, 2013 HONOLULU, HAWAI’I #medialit
- 28. APA ANNUAL CONVENTION JULY 31-AUGUST 4, 2013 HONOLULU, HAWAI’I Resistance to New Technologies #medialit
- 29. Socrates on Writing People will forget how to use their memories if they can write things down
- 30. Anthony Comstock on Dime Novels Vile books and papers are … used by Satan ... to debase, pervert and turn away from lofty aims to follow examples of corruption and criminality
- 31. John Phillips Sousa on Gramophones Because of the gramophone, our vocal cords will shrivel up
- 32. The compelling excitement of the loudspeaker disturbs the balance of excitable minds Parents Beware
- 33. Now
- 34. APA ANNUAL CONVENTION JULY 31-AUGUST 4, 2013 HONOLULU, HAWAI’I The Impact of Moral Panics • Drive distance between generations • Become embedded in public policy • Bias research • Divert resources away from real problems and more effective interventions • Slow adoption of new technology #medialit
- 35. Concerns • Participation gap – Unequal access and training • Transparency – Learning how media shapes perceptions • Ethics – Public role as media makers and civic participants #medialit
- 36. Technology is a tool Media literacy is the user manual for success #medialit
- 37. #medialit
- 38. It’s our choice. Media Literacy: Antidote to Fear or Tool for Empowerment? #medialit
Notes de l'éditeur
- Media Literacy: We all agree we need it. Few agree on what it is and even less agree on how to get it. As media technologies become intertwined with every aspect of life, we have a new appreciation for the importance of understanding their impact and learning to use them well. This panel looks at some of the theory, research, and applications in the context of the current media landscape to address the question: “What does it take to participate in today’s digital world and how do we get there?”
- We are here today to talk about media literacy, not as an academic topic of interest, but as a social and educational imperative. First, we want to ask: What is media literacy? What comes to mind when you think of that? For many people, it conjures up images of concern: Skinny models and negative body image in young women Racial stereotypes that reinforce racial profiling Seduction into a vacuous consumer culture, manipulated by advertisers Cyberstalkers, cyberbullies, and pornography Or maybe …kids developing carpal tunnel syndrome from 24/7 texting
- My background
- In other words, media literacy is an antidote to fear.
- It’s not surprising that people should be fearful. Technology has literally rewired our world and our lives.
- We didn’t have an Internet until 1994. Facebook didn’t exist before 2004 and now has 95% of teens ages 12 to 17 use Facebook and 70% access it regularly using a smartphone.
- There was no YouTube until 2007. Now, 6 billion hours of video are watched each month.
- 2003 was a big year. That was when Apple introduced the iTunes store. They didn’t start selling apps, however, until 2008. But in 2012, 250 billion apps had been downloaded from the iTunes store.
- Twitter was founded in 2006. August 2013, Lady Gaga had over 39 million followers.
- 90% of our media consumption is screen-based. ( Google, 2012 )
- Not only are we screen based media consumers, but 77% of us use a second device while viewing TV.
- The Internet is redefining business models. 84% of Internet users comparison shop before they purchase.
- The Internet is redefining philanthropy. The Red Cross raised $30 million for the Haitian relief efforts from text-messaging alone.
- Google plans to release their augmented reality glasses this coming December. Even before their release, they have been outlawed in Las Vegas casinos and hackers have developed face recognition software that can pull down all your social network information. And that’s just for starters.
- From desktop to laptop to tablet to smartphone to augmented reality, technology is mobile, personal and changing fast. We’ve gone from the one to many, lecture hall model of communications to something more resembling a cocktail party. Everyone’s talking to everyone.
- And they’re doing it everywhere. What does it mean to be a media literate in today’s world?
- Peer to peer connectivity and real time access to information have fundamentally changed the way people interact with each other and with information. We are no longer just consumers—we are producers, curators, and distributors as well.
- The change is both structural and experiential. We have real time information, 24/7 access, and the ability to interact and participate.
- These changes have altered our fundamental assumptions about ourselves and the world. We are no longer content to sit passively by in that lecture hall. Every time someone posts even a LOLcat, they have evidence of their own efficacy and voice. We expect to participate, to collaborate and to have a voice.
- There are lots of benefits to this new participatory culture Lower barriers to participation Support for creating and sharing Informal connections, collaboration and problem-solving, peer to peer learning Shape flow of media and social discourse, diversification of cultural expression Flattened hierarchy Empowered citizenship
- Access Search and sharing Critical Thinking Quality, credibility, perspective Consequences Safety, privacy Ethical Judgment Creation Self-expression and competence
- It’s our love-hate relationship with media and technology
- Change challenges our basic assumptions We don’t like change. New stuff means changing. We automatically assume that however we do something today, right now, is the “right” way and is morally superior to any alternatives. So when new stuff shows up, we panic.
- In the 1870s, the politician Anthony Comstock attempted to have dime novels banned because he believed they led to corruption and crime. As the US Postal Inspector, he objected to anatomy textbooks being sent by mail. “ vile books and papers are branding irons heated in the fire of hell and used by Satan to seer the highest life of the soul. Evil reading debases, degreases and perverts and turns away from lofty aims to follow examples of corruption and criminality
- The famous marching band leader, John Phillips Sousa wen to the White House to protest the sale of the gramophone because he believed that our vocal chords would shrivel up since people would no longer gather to sing.
- In the 1930s, Parents were warned that radio would diminish children’s performance in school and that the “compelling excitement of the loudspeaker” would disturb the balance of excitable minds Television, we know, was especially troublesome and was predicted to cause the vulgarization of American culture and destroy the emotional and intellectual capacities of a generation of children, not to mention the promotion of Rock and Roll.
- Now there’s the Internet and social networks, video games and augmented reality. Headlines: CNN: "Email 'hurts IQ more than pot'," Telegraph: "Twitter and Facebook could harm moral values" Telegraph: "Facebook and MySpace generation 'cannot form relationships' Daily Mail: "How using Facebook could raise your risk of cancer." And the Daily Telegraph “Video Games Sending Kids Crazy.”
- Moral Panics Drive distance between generations Become embedded in public policy Bias research Divert resources away from real problems and more effective interventions Slow adoption of new technology When public perception is negative, as it has been about media technologies, then both the questions and the funding target the problems not the potential. Journalists write headlines targeting the sensational. It results in reinforcing the perceptions of danger, and doing little to separate fact from fiction.
- Yet, new technologies are not without legitimate concerns. Participation gap Unequal access and training Transparency Learning how media shapes perceptions Ethics Public role as media makers and civic participants
- Technology is not going away. It’s like a hammer – you can do good things and bad things with a hammer. Restricting technology is a defensive play and a condescending one. It assumes that the users have no ability to learn or make judgments. It is based on a mass media model of society The alternative: Figure out how technology can help people grow and flourish by facilitating their fundamental goals and motivations
- How many of you have a smartphone? How many of you had trepidations when you first got it? Ok, now I’d like everyone to get your phones out and pass your phone to the person on your right. How does it feel to be without your phone? What if you need to look something up? Contact someone? See which session is next? Get directions? Send an email? What was worse? Worrying about the impact of getting the phone or the feeling that you can’t do any of the stuff you need to do now that the guy next to you has your phone?
- How we teach media literacy carries a message about how we view technology. Do we want to empower people to engage competently, ethically and thoughtfully with technology, or do we want to scare the hell out of them? We have a choice.