The document discusses embedded systems and microcontrollers. It defines an embedded system as a combination of computer hardware and software designed for a specific application. Microcontrollers are similar to microprocessors but have memory and I/O integrated on a single chip, making them well-suited for embedded applications that require low cost, low power consumption, and small size. The 8051 microcontroller is commonly used in embedded systems due to its low price and availability of development tools. Programming techniques for microcontrollers include assembly language and high-level languages like C.

1. Microcontrollers & Embedded Processors Anshul Parmar Nazim Ali Rohit Gambhir Acharya Narendra Dev College University of Delhi

12. Examples Office systems and mobile equipment Building systems Manufacturing and Process Control Answering machines Copiers Faxes Laptops and notebooks Mobile Telephones PDAs, Personal organisers Still and video cameras Telephone systems Time recording systems Printer Microwave Air conditioning Backup lighting and generators Building management systems CTV systems Fire Control systems Heating and ventilating systems Lifts, elevators, escalators Lighting systems Security systems Security cameras Sprinkler systems Automated factories Bottling plants Energy control systems Manufacturing plants Nuclear power stations Oil refineries and related storage facilities Power grid systems Power stations Robots Switching systems Water and sewage systems

17. Embedded System

20. Mitsubishi Semiconductors is now “Renesas” M16C/26 family of microcontrollers – M30626 – 32K RAM, 384K Flash SKP = starter kit MDS = Microcontroller Data Embedded System

24. Microcontroller Architectures CPU Program + Data Address Bus Data Bus Memory Von Neumann Architecture CPU Program Address Bus Data Bus Harvard Architecture Memory Data Address Bus Fetch Bus 0 0 0 2 n

27. 8051 Microcontroller

28. Pin Description of the 8051 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 P1.0 P1.1 P1.2 P1.3 P1.4 P1.5 P1.6 P1.7 RST (RXD)P3.0 (TXD)P3.1 (T0)P3.4 (T1)P3.5 XTAL2 XTAL1 GND (INT0)P3.2 (INT1)P3.3 (RD)P3.7 (WR)P3.6 Vcc P0.0(AD0) P0.1(AD1) P0.2(AD2) P0.3(AD3) P0.4(AD4) P0.5(AD5) P0.6(AD6) P0.7(AD7) EA/VPP ALE/PROG PSEN P2.7(A15) P2.6(A14) P2.5(A13) P2.4(A12) P2.3(A11) P2.2(A10) P2.1(A9) P2.0(A8) 8051 (8031)

29. Pin Description Pin No. Name Function Pins 1-8 Port 1 Input/Output Pin 9 RS Reset Pin 10-17 Port 3 Universal Input/Output Pin 10 RXD Serial asynchronous communication input or Serial synchronous communication output.

30. Pin 11 TXD Serial asynchronous/synchronous communication Pin 12 INT 0 Interrupt 0 input Pin 13 INT 1 Interrupt 1 input Pin 14 T 0 Counter 0 clock input Pin 15 T 1 Counter 1 clock input Pin 16 WR Write Pin 17 RD Read Pin 18,19 X 2, X 1 Internal oscillator I/O Pin 20 GND Ground

31. Pin 21-28 Port 2 If external memory is not in use then these pins are configured as universal I/O Pin 29 PSEN It is the read strobe to external memory Pin 30 ALE Will set the lower address byte (A0-A7) on Port 0 . Pin 31 EA When high executes instruction from internal program memory Pin 32-39 Port 0 Universal I/O pins

32. Microcontroller 8051 Internal Architecture

35. EDITOR ASSEMBLER LINKER INPUT THROUGH KEY BOARD .ASM FILE .OBJ FILE AND 1 ST FILE .HEX FILE .ASM FILE .OBJ