2. Resources Used for Presentation
Keys to Nursing
Success
Chapter 9, pp. 286-298:
Researching and Writing
Writing Papers in
Psychology
Chapter 1: Getting
Started
Chapter 5: Outlining the
Review Paper
2
4. The Four Stages of the Writing
Process
1. Planning
2. Drafting
3. Revising
4. Editing
5. Planning
⢠Brainstorming for topic ideas
⢠Pre-writing strategies
ďDefine and narrow topic
ďFollow paper guidelines from instructor/syllabus
(When is it due? How long should it be? What is the
purpose of the paper?)
ďMore brainstorming (organize thoughts into categories
or logical sequence)
ďFree writing
ďAsk questions like a journalist (Who? What? When?
Where? Why?)
6. Planning (Conât.)
⢠Conduct Research and Make Notes
ďFirst stage: basic overview that can lead to a thesis
statement
ďSecond stage: go into more depth with
information
ďSource notes: preliminary notes (info about
publication, page number, short evaluation of
source, Fig. 9.4, pg. 289)
ďContent notes: in-depth information from sources
7. Planning (Conât.)
⢠Write a Thesis Statement
ďNarrows your topic to a single, central idea that
you want readers to gain from your essay/paper
ďIt asserts something specific and significant about
the topic, often conveying your opinion
ďIt may help determine how you arrange your ideas
in the paper
8. Ask these questions...
⢠Does the sentence make an assertion about
your topic?
⢠Is the assertion limited to only one idea?
⢠Is the assertion specific and significant?
⢠Does the sentence convey your purpose and
your opinion?
9. Examples of thesis statementsâŚ.
⢠Years as a nurse has taught me that my
profession has many roles that deserve
respect.
⢠Professional nursing is a combination of art
and science.
⢠My philosophy of nursing encompasses an
importance in both a strong education and in
experience to gain skills.
10. Planning (Conât.)
ď§ Write a working outline
or âthink linkâ
ďLoose guide to final paper
ďCreate changes
ďCheck flow, consistency,
and adherence to
guidelines
11. Outlining
⢠An outline lays out main ideas and their
support
⢠Shows the relative importance of all of the
paperâs elements
12. Principles of Outlining
⢠Divide material into several groups
⢠Topics of equal generality appear in parallel
headings (at the same level of the outline)
⢠All subdivided headings break into at least two
parts because a topic cannot logically be
divided into only one part
13. Example Outline (1)
I. Importance of Education
(Main Idea)
A. Theoretical foundation
(Main division within the idea)
1. Theories of nursing
(Supporting Details and Examples)
2. Research based
B. Practice
1. Nursing process
2. Role development
14. II. Importance of Experience
A. Skill development
1. Basic skills
2. Specialty skills
B. Competencies
1. Job related
a) age specific
b) cultural diversity
2. Area of interest
Example Outline (2)
15. Drafting
⢠Rough draft: focus on getting ideas on
paper (free writing)
⢠Then develop form:
ďIntroduction
ďCentral ideas and
supporting evidence
ďConclusion
16. Drafting (Conât.)
⢠Introduction
ďTells reader what the paper contains
ďContains a thesis statement
ďContains a purpose statement (Fig. 9.6, pg. 290)
ď§ Main Body
ď Central Ideas
ď Evidence (facts, stats, examples, expert opinions)
ď Organize/Structure (Fig. 9.7, pg. 291)
18. Additional points:
⢠Avoid plagiarism
ďCredit authors and sources
ďDifference between a
quotation and paraphrase
ďUse a citation for paraphrase
ďCopying material off Internet
is plagiarism
ďConsequences of plagiarism
19. Resources
⢠Purdue Universityâs Online Writing Lab (OWL):
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/
⢠American Psychological Association. (2009). Publication manual of the
American Psychological Association. (6th ed). Washington, DC.
http://www.apastyle.org/
⢠Rosnow, R. L., & Rosnow, M. (2011). Writing papers in psychology. (9th ed).
Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. (Recommended Text)
⢠Pollak Library Writing Center:
http://english.fullerton.edu/writing_center/index.asp
⢠CSUF University Learning Center (ULC): http://www.fullerton.edu/ulc/
⢠SON Writing Center:
http://nursing.fullerton.edu/son_resources/writingcenter/index.asp
20. Revising
⢠Critically evaluate word choice, paragraph
structure, style of first draft
⢠Add, delete, replace, reorganize words,
sentences, paragraphs
⢠Peer/tutor review
⢠Let it sit for a while and then revisit it
⢠Revising checklist Fig. 9.9, pg. 293
21. Revising (Conât.)
⢠Analytical thinking
ďDoes the paper fulfill the
requirements of the
assignment?
ďWill the reader understand my
thesis and how I have supported
it?
ďDoes the intro prepare the
reader and capture attention?
ďIs the body of the paper
organized?
22. Revising (Conât.)
⢠Analytical thinking
ďIs each idea fully developed,
explained, and supported by
examples?
ďAre my ideas connected to
one another through logical
transitions?
ďDo I have a clear, concise
writing style?
ďDoes the conclusion provide a
natural ending to the paper?
23. Editing
⢠Last step in process
ďCorrect technical mistakes in spelling, grammar,
and punctuation
ďCheck for consistency in format
ďUse âspell checkâ and âgrammar checkâ but be
aware you still need to check your work.
ďPeer editing
ďRevising and editing checklist- Fig. 9.11, pg. 296
24. Editing (Conât,)
ď Subject-Verb Agreement
ď Pronoun Agreement
ď Misplaced and Dangling
Modifiers
ď Parallelism
ď Using Commaâs Correctly
ď Fragments and Run-ons
ď Commonly Confused
Words
ď Punctuation Guide
ď 100 Commonly
Misspelled Words
â Grammar Tips from Rosnowâs Text
Please refer to PDF document in TITANium
25. Writing is Hard:
Donât Let that Stop You!
Tips from Ioakim Boutakidis, Ph.D.
Child and Adolescent Studies
HHD Writing Tutor
26. 26
⢠The first obstacle to becoming a better
writer: Is accepting the fact that few,
if any, undergrads are ready for
college-level writing
⢠Good writing is as hard a skill to master as
anything you will encounter in your
collegiate education
⢠NOTHING to do with your intelligence.
⢠Good writing is a SKILL that must be
learned through practice, practice, practice
27. Why is it So Difficulty?
⢠Why is writing so difficult?
ďInfinitely complex in that there are many, many ways to say
the same thing
ďNeed to understand rules of English Grammar. Difficult
because the rules are inconsistent
ď(English is a new language and therefore a mix of Greek, Latin, Old
English)
ďRequires experience and exposure (often only way to learn
good writing is to read a lot of good writing)
ďRequires patience and hard work
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28. Why is it So Important?
⢠Effective Writing = Effective Communication
⢠Effective Communication = Effective Actions
⢠Writing is the most formal and widely
accepted method of showing your
understanding of a topic
⢠Research in Cognitive Psychology has
demonstrated that those who can effectively
explain what they know via writing actually
know it better than those who cannot
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29. Famous Quote About Writing
How do I know what I
think, until I see what I
say.
--W. H. Auden
Auden was an Anglo-American poet and one
of the leading literary figures of the 20th
century. Died September 29, 1973.
30. What this means for you. . .
⢠Do not be discouraged or surprised by early
negative feedback. Everyone will get it.
⢠You MUST stay on top of assignments and
readings
⢠Review assignment requirements before,
during, and prior to submission
⢠Do not miss classes. You will fall behind, you
will miss in-class assignments, you will lose
points.
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