Academic Fields Distribution and Promoters vs Opponents Networks
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Arts, Humanities, and Complex Networks — 4th Leonardo satellite symposium at NetSci2013 (http://artshumanities.netsci2013.net/) As communication designers we are often asked to bring complex scientific issues in the hands of non-expert stakeholders: people that are neither expert of the domain of interest nor familiar with the very nature, the structure and the dynamics of complexity. It’s the case of Controversy Mapping in Social Studies, where the aim is to preserve the richness of the controversy and, at the same time, to represent it in a understandable way for the public(s). From one side, network visualization seems to be the natural device to put Actor-Network Theory in action; on the other, the limits of network visualizations suddenly emerge in engaging the public: a graph can be scary, impenetrable and repulsive. Even though the solution is not obvious, it is a communication problem, and, as such, can be solved. A deeper issue emerges, even with experts and highly motivated users. Network visualizations have become a powerful conceptual and cognitive research tool for many disciplines, including, more recently, those soft sciences that embraced digital technologies. Digital Humanities is one of these domains trying to exploit the heuristic potential of network visualizations, often importing and “practicing” the quantitative methodology —network analysis— embedded in the visualization pattern. If we accept that humanistic inquiry is based on the recognition of knowledge production as a constructive process, where ‘making’ is a fundamental step and interpretation —not truth— is the goal, visualization is more a matter of creation than representation; it’s about building the pattern, not just finding it. Data and graphs are not objective representations of pre-existing facts: they are the generative, qualitative and uncertain processes that allow scholars to craft out novel interpretations from tacit knowledge spaces. That is where a fruitful and tight collaboration between designers, (soft) sciences scholars and experts may be established.
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Academic Fields Distribution and Promoters vs Opponents Networks
- 1. 2013, June 4th | Copenhagen Arts, Humanities, and Complex Networks 4th Leonardo satellite symposium at NetSci2013 Mind the Graph! A discussion on the Design of the Network Paolo Ciuccarelli | @pciuccarelli DensityDesign Research Lab | @densitydesign
- 3. to visualize data and information
- 4. to visualize data and information
- 5. to (visually) represent and communicate complex (social) phenomena
- 8. if you ask Google...
- 10. there is no common and well understood definition for design (Friedman, 2000) “
- 11. The foundation of design theory rests on the fact that design is by nature an interdisciplinary, integrative discipline (Friedman, 2003) “
- 12. Design is the intermediary between information and understanding. (Grefé R., Executive Director, AIGA) “
- 13. a story of (disciplinary) promiscuity in three chapters (so far)
- 14. preface
- 15. Communication Design & Hard Sciences
- 16. Yang-Yu Liu, Jeanx-Jacques Slotine, Albert-László Barabási (and Mauro Martino) Controllability of Complex Networks, 2011
- 17. Yang-Yu Liu, Jeanx-Jacques Slotine, Albert-László Barabási (and Mauro Martino) Controllability of Complex Networks, 2011
- 18. Yang-Yu Liu, Jeanx-Jacques Slotine, Albert-László Barabási (and Mauro Martino) Controllability of Complex Networks, 2011
- 19. Philosophy Sociology History Literature (...) Communication Design & Soft Sciences
- 20. chapter 1
- 21. Centro Ricerche Immanuel Kant / Università Statale di Milano
- 22. Centro Ricerche Immanuel Kant / Università Statale di Milano
- 23. project by DensityDesign / Valerio Pellegrini
- 24. project by DensityDesign / Valerio Pellegrini
- 25. project by DensityDesign / Valerio Pellegrini
- 26. project by DensityDesign / Valerio Pellegrini
- 27. project by DensityDesign / Valerio Pellegrini
- 28. project by DensityDesign / Valerio Pellegrini
- 29. project by DensityDesign / Valerio Pellegrini
- 30. project by DensityDesign / Valerio Pellegrini
- 31. The Atlas of Kant’s Legacy 100 words, 200cm x 100cm project by DensityDesign / Valerio Pellegrini a (physical) cognitive interface to support humanistic inquiries
- 36. Sociology (of Scientific Knowledge) chapter 2
- 37. research activities are a specific type of social activity that is embedded in a wider societal context. “ http://ec.europa.eu/research/science-society/
- 38. The important decisions which involve scientists’ work are no longer made by the scientific community alone. “ (Carrada, European Commission, 2006)
- 39. More and more often they are the result of a complex negotiation with a number of social groups. “ (Carrada, European Commission, 2006)
- 40. opening the ‘black box’ of science and technology
- 41. Bruno Latour | sociologist of science
- 47. cartography of controversies (observing and describing)
- 48. a geography of power
- 49. EMAPS Electronic Maps to Assist Public Science
- 50. Global Warming
- 60. So here is the question I wish to raise to designers: where are the visualization tools that allow the contradictory and controversial nature of matters of concern to be represented? “ (Latour, 2008)
- 61. support observation and description
- 62. Tourism 10% Medicine 1,25% Earth & Planetary Sciences 2,25% Environmental Science 21,25% Tourism & Management 13,75% Biology 6,25%Geography 6,25%Law 8,75%Social Science 11,25% Business & Management 6,25%Zoology 6,25% Ecology 5% ACADEMIC FIELDS PARTITION DISTRIBUTION PROMOTERS OPPONENTS 2010 YEARS 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2008 2011 A Clarke 1 A Stronza 4 AJ Nimon 5 AM Carr 7 AN Wright 2 B Riffenburgh 5 B Stonehouse 46 C Hunter 1 D Landau 2 D Newsome 10 D Roe 2 DA Fennell 10 DJ Enzenbacher 7 DJ Telfer 5 DJ Timothy 4 E Bertram 13 E Eijgelaar 1 E Serrano 11 EJ Stewart 31 G Wall 1 HJ Lynch 4 HM Otley 6 IE Nicholson 1 J Snyder 5 J Splettstoesser 10 K Suter 3 KJ Chwedorzewska 6 KJ White 5 L Krall 1 L Sanson 1 L Tangley 3 LK Kriwoken 5 M Lamers 50 ME Johnston 6MI Ghys 4 MR McClung 1 N Wace 3 P Mason 16 PJ Beck 9 PP Wong 1 R Farreny 13 R Naveen 3 RA Herr 4 RB Powell 9 RJ Reich 2 S Pfeiffer 5 SV Levich 1 SV Scott 7 SV Shirsat 1 T Thomas 2 TG Bauer 18 V Sasidharan 1 WA Polk 3 WM Bush 3 WR Fraser 4 ML Shackley 3 DB Weaver 7 PB Davis 15 M luck 3 GR Cessford 5 D Haase 28 ND Holmes 12 CM Harris 6 CM Hall 34 RH Lemelin 12 S Muir 6 B Amelung 12 J Marquez 4 K Bastmeijer 8R Buckley 23 PT Maher 25 B Lane 11 PJ Tracey 4 C Murray 4 R Metcheva 14 K Walker 4 JS Poland 1 project by DensityDesign / Agabio, Bernardi, Panzuti, Pomè, Pontiroli The Antarctic Cruises Controversy | Academic Authors Network
- 63. A Stronza 4 B Riffenburgh 5 D Newsome 10 D Roe 2 DA Fennell 10 DJ Telfer 5 DJ Timothy 4 E Bertram 13 1 EJ Stewart 31 zewska 6 LK Kriwoken 5 M Lamers 50 ohnston 6 R Farreny 13 R Naveen 3 S Pfeiffer 5 SV Scott 7 SV Shirsat 1 TG Bauer 18 DB Weaver 7 D Haase 28 ND Holmes 12 CM Hall 34 RH Lemelin 12 S Muir 6 B Amelung 12 J Marquez 4 K BastmR Buckley 23 PT Maher 25 B Lane 11 PJ Tracey 4 C Murray 4 R Metcheva 14
- 64. Tourism 10% Medicine 1,25% Earth & Planetary Sciences 2,25% Environmental Science 21,25% Tourism & Management 13,75% Biology 6,25%Geography 6,25%Law 8,75%Social Science 11,25% Business & Management 6,25%Zoology 6,25% Ecology 5% ACADEMIC FIELDS PARTITION DISTRIBUTION PROMOTERS OPPONENTS 2010 YEARS 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2008 2011 A Clarke 1 A Stronza 4 AJ Nimon 5 AM Carr 7 AN Wright 2 B Riffenburgh 5 B Stonehouse 46 C Hunter 1 D Landau 2 D Newsome 10 D Roe 2 DA Fennell 10 DJ Enzenbacher 7 DJ Telfer 5 DJ Timothy 4 E Bertram 13 E Eijgelaar 1 E Serrano 11 EJ Stewart 31 G Wall 1 HJ Lynch 4 HM Otley 6 IE Nicholson 1 J Snyder 5 J Splettstoesser 10 K Suter 3 KJ Chwedorzewska 6 KJ White 5 L Krall 1 L Sanson 1 L Tangley 3 LK Kriwoken 5 M Lamers 50 ME Johnston 6MI Ghys 4 MR McClung 1 N Wace 3 P Mason 16 PJ Beck 9 PP Wong 1 R Farreny 13 R Naveen 3 RA Herr 4 RB Powell 9 RJ Reich 2 S Pfeiffer 5 SV Levich 1 SV Scott 7 SV Shirsat 1 T Thomas 2 TG Bauer 18 V Sasidharan 1 WA Polk 3 WM Bush 3 WR Fraser 4 ML Shackley 3 DB Weaver 7 PB Davis 15 M luck 3 GR Cessford 5 D Haase 28 ND Holmes 12 CM Harris 6 CM Hall 34 RH Lemelin 12 S Muir 6 B Amelung 12 J Marquez 4 K Bastmeijer 8R Buckley 23 PT Maher 25 B Lane 11 PJ Tracey 4 C Murray 4 R Metcheva 14 K Walker 4 JS Poland 1 promoters opponents 2011 1980 project by DensityDesign / Agabio, Bernardi, Panzuti, Pomè, Pontiroli The Antarctic Cruises Controversy | Academic Authors Network
- 65. Tourism 10% Medicine 1,25% Earth & Planetary Sciences 2,25% Environmental Science 21,25% Tourism & Management 13,75% Biology 6,25%Geography 6,25%Law 8,75%Social Science 11,25% Business & Management 6,25%Zoology 6,25% Ecology 5% ACADEMIC FIELDS PARTITION DISTRIBUTION PROMOTERS OPPONENTS 2010 YEARS 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2008 2011 A Clarke 1 A Stronza 4 AJ Nimon 5 AM Carr 7 AN Wright 2 B Riffenburgh 5 B Stonehouse 46 C Hunter 1 D Landau 2 D Newsome 10 D Roe 2 DA Fennell 10 DJ Enzenbacher 7 DJ Telfer 5 DJ Timothy 4 E Bertram 13 E Eijgelaar 1 E Serrano 11 EJ Stewart 31 G Wall 1 HJ Lynch 4 HM Otley 6 IE Nicholson 1 J Snyder 5 J Splettstoesser 10 K Suter 3 KJ Chwedorzewska 6 KJ White 5 L Krall 1 L Sanson 1 L Tangley 3 LK Kriwoken 5 M Lamers 50 ME Johnston 6MI Ghys 4 MR McClung 1 N Wace 3 P Mason 16 PJ Beck 9 PP Wong 1 R Farreny 13 R Naveen 3 RA Herr 4 RB Powell 9 RJ Reich 2 S Pfeiffer 5 SV Levich 1 SV Scott 7 SV Shirsat 1 T Thomas 2 TG Bauer 18 V Sasidharan 1 WA Polk 3 WM Bush 3 WR Fraser 4 ML Shackley 3 DB Weaver 7 PB Davis 15 M luck 3 GR Cessford 5 D Haase 28 ND Holmes 12 CM Harris 6 CM Hall 34 RH Lemelin 12 S Muir 6 B Amelung 12 J Marquez 4 K Bastmeijer 8R Buckley 23 PT Maher 25 B Lane 11 PJ Tracey 4 C Murray 4 R Metcheva 14 K Walker 4 JS Poland 1 project by DensityDesign / Agabio, Bernardi, Panzuti, Pomè, Pontiroli The Antarctic Cruises Controversy | Academic Authors Network
- 66. Environmental Science 21,25% Tourism & Management 13,75% ACADEMIC FIELDS PARTITION DISTRIBUTION PROMOTERS 2010 YEARS 2008 2011 BUSINESS & MANAGEMENT LAW The Antarctic Cruises Controversy | Academic Authors Network
- 67. Medicine 1,25% Earth & Planetary Sciences 2,25% Biology 6,25%Geography 6,25%Business & Management 6,25%Zoology 6,25% Ecology 5% OPPONENTS DJ Timothy 4 E Eijgelaar 1 EJ Stewart 31 M Lamers 50 M luck 3 D Haase 28 K Bastmeijer 8 R Metcheva 14 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE SOCIOLOGY GEOGRAPHY The Antarctic Cruises Controversy | Academic Authors Network
- 68. When you’re given your first hammer, everything looks like a nail.
- 69. we’ve a network, let’s draw a graph!
- 70. the irreducibility of the actor-network mind the graph! Two issues
- 71. the inevitable relation with the Public(s) mind the graph! Two issues
- 80. managing work home care elderly aging baby boom benefit caring service nursing people retirement services villages living housing residential assisted carers council advice village first long term move north yorkshire planning poor sheltered patients health senior jobs social searchfind community newcastle upon vacancies positions tyne opportunities based assistant plan worker communities research government international local google microsoft help employment courses support list education plans news available students degree choice activities career insurance alternative info psychology vocational agencies disability learning adults disabilities citizen dementia aged live adult domiciliary lives respite tests signs lewy symptoms bodies treatment body deficiency vitamin early test vascular person depression abuse women disorder quotes illness causes major child scale re2ies mental therapy anxiety beat bipolar clinical cope cure deal dealing effects manic persons postnatal postpartum severe suffer suicidal thoughts teenage disabled physical rate exercise form instead driving training schools simulation lesson classes inter2iate post questions simulator tips train children statistics neglect reportanimal domestic violence victims types application study trials family problems memory loss organizations charitable foundation financial organisations charity funeral memorial music cost information coverage world private companies benefits company quality healthcare policy eating 2ical affordable agency free hospice individual life active style improvepromote promoting meaning hearing aids device impaired devices femur fractures facilities homecare special poverty line bladder bowel diaper urine incontinence product pantsstress pads briefs diapers products urge continence urinary tract infection facility policies comparison cover best meals providers online shop cheapcompare easy instant rates architecture conditions condition chronic solicitors will writing legal getting lawyers make making need society shouldyour definition diseases issues doctors disease hygiene charities illnesses problem1983 clinic forum assessment legislation recovery scotland practice institutions centre state retardation hospitals behavioral hospital national psychiatric foods nutrition programs well guidelines facts chart calories counter dietary food good pension increase 2011 number reform corporation basiccurrent have public activity management residence accommodation independent rent purchase sale apartments houses properties flats sales development projects estates property luxury real rural center continuing rest road traffic deaths safety accidents rules safe drink accident transport sensory apps smartphones mobile weather applications department dignity funding paying being Health Housing Carers&Caring Attitudes Retirement Technology Built Environment Funding Personal Finances Government Polices table 01 | a by name surname, name surname Copyright©2006-2012DensityDesign DesignResearchLab|PolitecnicodiMilano ViaDurando10,20158Milano–I Einfo@densitydesign.org T+390223997808 ADWORDS/SINGLEKEYWORDSNETWORK speedupworshop|22-24thmay2012
- 81. “the usual suspects” (legibility, complication, interaction...)
- 82. complexity legibility mind the graph! a dynamic balance
- 85. feedback (from the public) the possibility to observe the temporal dynamics/trends indications or examples on how-to-use the maps more details and more aggregation (zoom in and out)
- 86. The possibility to interact with the maps: Filter (hide part of the information) Rank (make part of the information more visible) Aggregate (go from data points to categories) Search and focus (observe specific data points and their neighborhood) feedback (from the public)
- 87. ‘untidy’
- 88. narration & exploration mind the graph! hypothesis for a solution
- 89. datascape navigation mind the graph! a circular movement
- 90. ‘Martini glass’ model. Segel and Heer, 2010. Narrative Visualization: Telling Stories with Data
- 91. from use-before-use (participatory design) to design-after-design (visualization tools as enablers)
- 92. chapter 3
- 93. chapter 3
- 94. Dan, Nicole, Paula / Stanford Humanities Center
- 95. Giovanna / Stanford Humanities Center / Grand Tour
- 96. first visualization tools Mapping the Republic of Letters + Stanford Vis Group
- 97. standing up on a high mountaintop and seeing (at a glance, ed.) broad patterns. “ mind the graph! positive feedbacks
- 98. Visualization, then, doesn't only present what we do know in a more accessible way – it also reveals what we don't know. “ mind the graph! positive feedbacks
- 99. [...] we’ve found that visualizations tend to provide starting points for further inquiry, much of which is often done the old-fashioned way: by reading books. “ mind the graph! positive feedbacks
- 100. misled by a spatialization algorithm mind the graph! new issues
- 101. an issue of visual language and rethoric mind the graph! new issues
- 102. the visual language and the rhetoric adopted in the tool conveyed a misleading idea of a correspondences network during the Enlightenment as a well-defined and clearly perceivable phenomenon “ (Coleman, 2010)
- 103. WYSiWiT mind the graph! new issues
- 104. What You See is What is There mind the graph! another misleading evidence
- 105. One of the first discoveries was actually not what we visualized, but what we could not visualize. “ (Findlen & Edelstein, 2011)
- 106. three strategies
- 107. 1. strategy of dissimulation
- 110. Fineo uses alluvial diagrams to depict the relationships between multiple dimensions of categorial data.
- 113. 2. strategy of diversification
- 118. no single, predetermined, entry point to the data perform multiple and interrelated selections direct access to the documents ‘in any moment’ different views at the same time knowing the amount of letters not showed in the visualizations (ambiguity or incompleteness) Strategy of diversification | achievements
- 119. visualization as part of a process
- 120. multiplying the points of observation (objectivity / subjectivity)
- 121. atlas of controversy
- 123. […] Data are capta, taken not given, constructed as an interpretation of the phenomenal world, not inherent in it. “ (Drucker J., 2011) the (peculiar) nature of humanistic inquiry
- 124. interpretation the (peculiar) nature of humanistic inquiry
- 125. sense making the (peculiar) nature of humanistic inquiry
- 127. Personally, I think Digital Humanities is about building things. If you are not making anything, you are not… a digital humanist (Ramsay, 2012) “ the (peculiar) nature of humanistic inquiry
- 128. Digital Humanities infrastructures encourage prototyping, generating new projects, beta testing them with audiences both sympathetic and skeptical, and then actually looking at the results “ (Burdick, Drucker, Lunenfeld, Presner, & Schnapp, 2012) the (peculiar) nature of humanistic inquiry
- 129. from reading to making the (peculiar) nature of humanistic inquiry
- 130. ‘thinking through making’ the (peculiar) nature of humanistic inquiry
- 131. tools for the ‘hands’ the (peculiar) nature of humanistic inquiry
- 132. 3. strategy of activation (dirty hands)
- 133. Early Modern Time & Networks: a Design + Humanities workshop 2012, August Strategy of activation | learning by doing (together)
- 134. Early Modern Time & Networks: a Design + Humanities workshop 2012, August Strategy of activation | learning by doing (together)
- 135. low level of interaction with the data and the visualizations pre-identication of all the nodes and the links integrate the network with personal information act on the visual disposition of the elements (moving, deleting or adding nodes or links) limits and needs emerged from the workshop
- 136. How can we make visualizations function as interfaces, in an iterative process that allows the user to explore and tinker? “ (Unsworth, 2005) design challenges
- 137. a digital environment design challenges
- 138. exploration and creation of explicit and implicit relationships design challenges
- 139. 1. the interface as an environment for interpretative activities 2. allowing the construction of the network 3. Exploiting the multidimensional nature of the data 4. Understanding and revealing data sources 5. Data manipulation and enrichment design principles
- 140. manipulation, enhancement and creation of data through the interface design challenges
- 141. Search, Show Context, Expand on Demand (Van Ham and Perer, 2009)
- 142. project by DensityDesign / Giorgio Uboldi, Giorgio Caviglia Knot / the prototype
- 143. project by DensityDesign / Giorgio Uboldi, Giorgio Caviglia Knot / the prototype
- 144. project by DensityDesign / Giorgio Uboldi, Giorgio Caviglia Knot / the prototype
- 145. project by DensityDesign / Giorgio Uboldi, Giorgio Caviglia Knot / the prototype
- 146. project by DensityDesign / Giorgio Uboldi, Giorgio Caviglia Knot / the prototype
- 147. project by DensityDesign / Giorgio Uboldi, Giorgio Caviglia Knot / the prototype
- 148. project by DensityDesign / Giorgio Uboldi, Giorgio Caviglia Knot / the prototype
- 149. project by DensityDesign / Giorgio Uboldi, Giorgio Caviglia Knot / the prototype
- 150. project by DensityDesign / Giorgio Uboldi, Giorgio Caviglia Knot / the prototype
- 151. project by DensityDesign / Giorgio Uboldi, Giorgio Caviglia Knot / the prototype
- 152. project by DensityDesign / Giorgio Uboldi, Giorgio Caviglia Knot / the prototype
- 154. from building to design
- 155. Process is the new god; not product. [...] The theory after theory is anchored in MAKING, making in the poetic sense of poiesis, but also in the sense of design carried out in action. “ (Schnapp & Presner, 2009)
- 156. Digital humanists have much to learn from communication and media design ... “ (Burdick & Willis, 2011)
- 157. [...] how to juxtapose and integrate words and images, create hierarchies of reading, forge pathways of understanding, deploy grids and templates to best effect, and develop navigational schemata that guide and produce meaningful interactions “ (Burdick & Willis, 2011)
- 158. ... a practice of representation, a form of modeling ... efficient computation and human communication (Unsworth, 2002) ... visualization, representation, visual thinking, interface (McCarty, 2003) ... interfaces, aesthetics and usability (Kirschenbaum, 2004) ... qualitative, interpretive, experiential, emotive, generative ... (Schnapp & Presner, 2009) Digital Humanities vocabulary
- 159. McCarty, Rough Intellectual Map for Humanities Computing, 2003
- 161. bringing digital practitioners and humanities scholars together with experts in art and design to consider the past, present, and future of visual epistemology in digital humanities. “
- 162. learning from communication design, interaction design and industrial design will be vital to 21st century humanistic inquiry” “
- 163. light incorporation towards a new (hybrid) way of knowing
- 164. humanistic inquiry as a design process towards a new (hybrid) way of knowing
- 165. A digitization of the design process, where interfaces become design tools themselves, asked to perform typical design activities (i.e. selecting, organizing, manipulate, modeling, representing) “ (Caviglia, 2013)
- 166. hard incorporation (hybridization) towards a new (hybrid) way of knowing
- 168. next challenges (back to the future)
- 169. Infographics / “LaLettura” - Sunday Cultural Supplement of Corriere della Sera / http://bit.ly/z1Uzvh Qualitative networks / cultural artifacts
- 171. narrative structures consisting of a network of lines and notations which are meant to convey a story. “ (Lombardi, 1999)
- 172. Infographics / “LaLettura” - Sunday Cultural Supplement of Corriere della Sera / http://bit.ly/z1Uzvh Qualitative networks / cultural artifacts
- 174. project by DensityDesign / Michele Graffieti
- 175. project by DensityDesign / Michele Graffieti Infographics / Domus - Architecture and Design Magazine / http://j.mp/14iZMqh Qualitative networks / cultural artifacts
- 176. project by DensityDesign / Michele Graffieti Infographics / Domus - Architecture and Design Magazine / http://j.mp/14iZMqh Qualitative networks / cultural artifacts
- 177. visual tools vs. cultural processes
- 178. The design of digital tools for scholarship is an intellectual responsibility, not a technical task “ (Drucker, 2009)
- 179. Paolo Ciuccarelli @pciuccarelli paolo.ciuccarelli@polimi.it DensityDesign Lab www.densitydesign.org Facebook + Twitter + Flickr + Vimeo + Pinterest: densitydesign grazie thank you tak