The Produce Exchange Bulding in Liverpool - A unique piece of History

8 Victoria Street
The Produce Exchange, Liverpool
A unique piece of history
PE_HISTORY_BOOK.indd 1 02/12/2015 10:57

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A Unique Piece of History

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Hong Kong Sotheby’s International Realty is privileged to be involved in the
marketing and sales of a unique residential development in one of Liverpool’s most
treasured historic buildings. Our research helped us to discover the important role that
The Produce Exchange played in Liverpool’s mercantile history and appreciate the
building’s rich architectural detail and exquisite craftsmanship.
We are therefore delighted to be offering our buyers something more than an excellent
residential investment opportunity, but a unique piece of Liverpool history.
We would also wish to thank Liverpool Council for granting the permission to convert
and restore The Produce Exchange and preserve its heritage for future generations.

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09 The Birth of The City
19 The Commercial District
27 The Building’s History
35 The Building’s Architecture
43 Interior Details
57 The Renovation
Contents

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1. The birth of the city

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At the start of the 19th Century,
Liverpool was beginning to grow from
an orderly and compact town into one
of the nation’s great trading centres.
As a thriving port, Liverpool was
a magnet for new migrants and its
population expanded rapidly throughout
the century. Its economy, too, flourished
and diversified as the port became a
vibrant hub for shipping, manufacturing
and a burgeoning insurance and
banking sector.
Liverpool was renowned globally
as the Second City of Empire and
one of the richest cities in the world,
dominating the trades in cotton, tobacco,
sugar and many other commodities.
By the 1870s, there were more
millionaires per capita in Liverpool
than in almost any other city in
the world.
Built on the industrial might of England
Pictured: Lord Street, Liverpool in 1880.

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Proclaiming itself to be the
‘Florence of the North’ Liverpool
was home to a new kind of merchant
prince. The city experienced a
building boom on an unprecedented
scale, with some of the finest public
and private buildings forming the
core of its UNESCO-designated
World Heritage Site.
The magnificent St George’s Hall is
regarded as one of finest examples
of Neo-Classical architecture. Queen
Victoria described it as “worthy of
Ancient Athens”.
Pictured: St George’s Hall c1895 – one of the finest Neo-Classical buildings in Europe.

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Liverpool’s expansion was built on
the industrial and manufacturing might
of northern England – then regarded
as the workshop of the world. It was
also the gateway to the New World
– a point of embarkation for millions
seeking a new life and opportunities
in the Americas. In 1840, Samuel
Cunard started the first trans-Atlantic
passenger service from Liverpool
to New York. Today, 175 years later,
Liverpool has once again become a
major port of call for ocean liners.
Pictured: Left, waving off a liner in the 1920s and, right, the Cunard Building was completed in 1916 as
the headquarters and passenger terminal for the Cunard Line.

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Liverpool’s wealth and prestige
was based on the trade of key global
commodities. Henry Tate became the
leading sugar magnate, whilst Liverpool
Cotton Exchange controlled the world’s
trade in that commodity.
Banks and insurance companies
flourished and had built imposing
headquarters in the city’s burgeoning
business quarter.
Mimicking the philanthropy of their
Florentine forebears, Liverpool’s
great merchant families bequeathed
outstanding public buildings and
cultural pioneering institutions.
Newsrooms, libraries, botanical
gardens and theatres were all seen
as an outward expression of a confident
and enlightened mercantile class.
The Walker Art Gallery was paid for
by wealthy brewer Andrew Barclay
Walker and boasts one of the finest
art collections in Britain.
Pictured: The Cotton Exchange 1907.

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As the 19th Century progressed,
fine churches, parks, museums and a
university became part of the fabric of
a thriving cosmopolitan city.
The city pioneered great infrastructure
and communication initiatives, including
in 1830 the world’s first passenger
railway between Manchester and
Liverpool – an event that many now
recognise as the dawn of the
modern age.
Pictured: Lime Street Station - the oldest mainline railway station in the world.

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In the early 20th Century Liverpool
continued to express its bold and
self-confident spirit with the creation
of its great waterfront commercial
buildings – the magnificent Three
Graces. The internationally recognised
landmarks not only embody stunning
architectural quality, but trailblazing
engineering innovation.
The emblematic Liver Building
was the largest steel-frame building of
its day, and pioneered the technology
that made the skyscrapers of North
America possible.
Pictured: Liverpool Pier Head and Three Graces in 1935.

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Liverpool’s Anglican Cathedral
-second only in size to St Peter’s in
Rome - was started on the sandstone
ridge above the city centre. The
majestic edifice designed by Giles
Gilbert Scott was to be hewn from
the same local sandstone as a new
generation of great commercial
buildings including the Cotton Exchange
and The Produce Exchange. In matters
spiritual and temporal Liverpool’s
prowess was expressed through its
striking and majestic architecture.
Pictured: Liverpool’s Anglican Catherdral.

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2. The Commercial District

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Liverpool’s commercial core was
a multitude of tightly compacted
streets containing thousands of
warehouses where imported goods
were stored and traded. Servicing
and supporting the city’s maritime
trade were a myriad of banks, freight
forwarders, insurance companies
and wholesalers. The impressive
buildings in the commercial centre
were manifestations of the confidence
and wealth of the merchants who had
thrived in a city where the wealth of
every nation was traded.
An expression of
confidence and wealth
Pictured: Map of Liverpool’s commercial district in 1850.

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Liverpool’s rapid development
had created an overcrowded and
congested city requiring better
infrastructure and the application
of modern city planning. Victoria
Street was laid out in the mid-1860s
to facilitate faster transport through
the town.
A crowded area of slum houses
and heavy industry was cleared and
a handsome new street emerged,
lined with fine buildings.
The area around Victoria Street
specialised in the trade and exchange
of food. An 1879 directory lists
merchants for tea and coffee, rice,
fruit, wine and spirits and general
provisions along with sugar refiners,
biscuit manufacturers and brewers.
As global trade expanded, so too
did the importance of these vital
commodity traders. Today, Victoria
Street remains one of Liverpool’s
most striking thoroughfares, with
reminders of its rich trading
heritage all around.
Pictured: The Cotton Exchange 1907.

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As a strategic port and gateway
Liverpool city centre was badly
damaged by bombing during World
War II. Fortunately, Victoria Street was
less affected than nearby Lord Street
and South John Street. One loss
was to the Central Post Office, which
suffered fire-bomb damage. The fine
French chateau-inspired upper
storeys were removed and, today,
the surviving lower storeys house a
thriving designer mall.
Pictured: Liverpool’s Central Post Office which was badly damaged by bombings.

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Today, Victoria Street retains its 19th
Century character. Mathew Street,
located at the rear of Victoria Street,
retained many of its original historic
warehouses. Fireproof construction
was common in this type of building.
At number 10 Mathew Street
was the legendary Cavern Club, the
birthplace of a musical revolution that
rocked the world and the venue that
launched The Beatles to international
success. The group first played here
on February 9th 1961 and performed a
further 292 times before setting out to
change the face of 20th Century culture.
Pictured: The Cavern Club.

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3. The Building’s History

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One of the city’s finest commercial
buildings, The Produce Exchange
was opened in 1902 and was
designed by Henry Shelmerdine,
the architect to the Lancashire and
Yorkshire Railway Company, and
was built as an intended goods
warehouse for the railway company.
The Liverpool Provision Trade
Association later purchased the
whole building as trade became
more complex and interdependent.
The Produce Exchange was
created as a centralised meeting
place where commodity merchants
could meet and do business. The
Produce Exchange arose out of
this need for better organisation
and communication and became
a key hub within the city’s bustling
commercial core.
A key hub in a bustling commercial centre
Pictured: Produce Exchange

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The Provision Trade Association
merged with the Liverpool Produce
Exchange in 1889, and after that it
became the centre for all imported pig
and dairy produce, eggs and canned
goods. The Exchange provided a
“trading floor” for these commodities
and in 1912 it added a lard futures
market with a direct cable link to
Chicago Board of Trade.
It aimed to foster overseas trading,
to publish information on markets, to
arbitrate disputes and to represent
the trade in negotiations with other
organisations. Its trading rules
became standard across the globe.
Pictured: The Provision Trade Association (In the Produce Exchange Building from 1904 to 1922).

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There was an immense volume of
trade of bacon, hams, butter, lard and
cheese from Canada. Almost all of
the Canadian dairy and farm produce
arriving in the port of Liverpool was
conducted by members of
the Association.
The importance of The Produce
Exchange was underlined when, in
1902, the Right Honorable Sir Wilfred
Laurier, Prime Minister of Canada,
officiated at the opening ceremony,
and was presented with a golden key.
Pictured: Portrait of Prime Minister of Canada and The Golden Key.

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For the next 86 years, the lower levels
acquired a new commercial use. The
Victoria Street Liverpool branch of The
National Provincial & Union Bank of
England was opened on 1 May 1922
in Produce Exchange Buildings. In
1968 Westminster Bank and National
Provincial Bank, along with National
Provincial’s subsidiary District Bank,
announced their intention to merge.
The operations of all three banks were
combined and they began to trade as
National Westminster Bank from 1970
to 2008. The lower levels were only
used by the Provision Trade Association
and later for NatWest Bank. The upper
levels provided a home to a multiplicity
of businesses.
Pictured: The National Westminster Bank in the Produce Exchange building in 1987. (RBS Archive)

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By the 1970s, the produce trade had
moved away from both Victoria Street
and Liverpool. The street had lost its
historic purpose and was searching
for a new identity.
Victoria Street continued to be a vital
part of the city’s life. Nearby Mathew
Street continued to be at the centre of
Liverpool’s vibrant music scene and
the sporting successes of the city’s
two football teams was celebrated
throughout the city centre.
Pictured: Jubilant supporters of Liverpool FC enjoy the club’s victory in the 1974 FA Cup Final.

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4. The Building’s Architecture

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The Produce Exchange building
is Grade II Listed for its national
importance on account of its
architectural quality and significance.
The Produce Exchange is vital to the
character of both the Castle Street
Conservation Area and enormously
important UNESCO World Heritage
Site. Sitting in a visually prominent
site, the building provides a sense
of theatre to Victoria Street, arguably
the most complete and distinctive
Victorian thoroughfare in Liverpool’s
commercial district.
The building presents an
imaginative Baroque frontage to
Victoria Street of five distinctive
and individual storeys (including
a mansard) in dressed sandstone
copiously enriched with Gibbsian
rustication, engaged columns and
other classical motifs. The double
height ground floor is faced in a
smooth textured Kemney granite
from Aberdeenshire. The building’s
skyline is enlivened by shaped
gables, pedimented dormers and a
corner turret in the form of a tempietto.
A building of character and theatre
Pictured: Artistic cast iron columns adorn
each floor, featuring beautiful classical designs
that belie that their practicality meanwhile the
Edwardian antique glass sphere lights illuminate
the designs.

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Pictured: Left, The ground floor detail includes raised bands, segmental-head openings with triple keystones. Right, 1st floor 1:3:3:3:1:2:1 lights to windows
with mullions and transoms, string over. 2nd floor has 3 tripartite bowed windows. Also 2nd and 3rd floors have an attached Ionic colonnade with entablature
adding more details to the façade and making it a building with distinctive style and architectural personality.

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Pictured: Left, the first bay entrance features an oeil-de-boeuf, a small oval window above the door which not only gives light but adds to the decorative
nature of the façade. Popular in Baroque architecture, it features a pediment triangular design, often used in classical design. Right, The building features
a Mansard roof with 1:3:1-light pedimented dormers between round turret with colonnade and cupola to left, and gable with round-headed window,
surmounted by aedicule with niches, rusticated pilasters and segmental open pediment to right.

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Pictured: Left, The Ionic columns, typical in Renaissance architecture for imposing and significant buildings such as Courts of Justice, and the sea shell
encrusted upper level of the building only add to its grandeur. Right, The Mansard roof with its tempietto style turret, presents another exquisite detail and an
extension of Roman style.

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Pictured: Left, The entablature, composed of architrave, post and lintel, frieze and cornice is characteristic of the decorative commercial architecture of the
day. Right, The sea shell encrusted detailing within the bay pediment celebrates the maritime source of the city’s mercantile wealth.

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5. Interior Details

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Unlike many other buildings of
historical significance The Produce
Exchange has managed to retain
many of its original features and
details. Our guiding principle has
been to carefully restore each and
every element, preserving the unique
beauty of one of Liverpool’s most
perfect architectural gems.
Restored and Preserved
Pictured: The beautiful atrium, from which residents of The Produce Exchange will access their
apartments, continues the lavish theme of the building, with stunning transparent ceilings, allowing
natural light to flood in.

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Pictured: Carter Preston’s stunning memorial plaque was created at a time when leading artists and craftsmen were commissioned to create impressive
monuments to honour the fallen in the First World War. The artist was chosen from 800 applicants for his Next of Kin design of the plaque in 1918,
recognising those who had lost relatives in the Great War. Carter Preston was also responsible for many of the fine sculptures that can be seen throughout
Liverpool Cathedral.

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Pictured: The building has an impressive entrance lobby and main staircase. The staircase is cantilevered and features a decorative metal balustrade with
swept and moulded hardwood handrail and moulded timber newel posts.

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Pictured: Left, The same original mosaic tile covers the floors of the entrance lobby, main staircase landings and corridors. Right, Intricate mosaic tiles
decorate the atrium’s curved balconies, a testament to the craftsmanship of the period and the conscious borrowing of classical and Renaissance motifs,
while huge windows inside the apartments ensure the stunning features are bathed in light.

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Pictured: On each balcony there is a stunning stained glass window, celebrating The Produce Exchange’s history and function within Liverpool’s commercial
life, featuring seafaring images and depictions of fruit and produce from around the world.

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Pictured: The decorative stained glass to the main staircase windows and curved atrium wall to first floor offices also references the diverse produce and
commodities traded in Liverpool.

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Pictured: Left, The English counties of Lancashire and Yorkshire have a long, historic rivalry. When the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway Company originally
developed the building, they intertwined the red rose of Lancashire and white rose of Yorkshire as a symbolic gesture of the company’s interests in both
counties’ railways. Right, George Wragge was a notable artist of that era. He was also responsible for the striking stained glass windows in the Mersey Docks
and Harbour Board Building at the Pier Head – one of the famed Three Graces.

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Pictured: Left, The decorative stained glass to the main staircase windows and curved atrium wall to first floor offices also references the diverse produce
and commodities traded in Liverpool. Right, First impressions of The Produce Exchange are forged by its beautifully carved entrance and the imposing dual-
height archway that adorns the entrance hall containing the bronze First World War Memorial by Edward Carter Preston. Further exquisite detailing include the
intricate coving of the banisters and the ornate cast iron railings underscoring the grandeur and prowess of this once great trading centre.

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Pictured: Left and Centre, The beautiful atrium, from which residents of The Produce Exchange will access their apartments, continues the lavish theme of
the building, with stunning transparent ceilings, allowing natural light to flood in. Right, Artistic cast iron columns adorn each floor featuring elegant classical
designs that belie their practical purpose. Meanwhile the Edwardian antique glass sphere lights illuminate the designs.

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Pictured: Featuring a traditional glass block design, particularly innovative for the era, the transparent flooring of the atrium is as striking as it is light, while the
Art Nouveau patterns add a decorative flair.

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6. The Renovation

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Statement from the Current Developer
Foster Marlon Ltd finances,
develops and manages real estate
assets across the North West region
of the UK. We offer highly diversified
and bespoke property investments
with developments of exceptional
quality and originality.
The Produce Exchange Building
is one of the UK’s most original
buildings with a rich history and
distinctive architectural personality.
Originally developed by Lancashire
and Yorkshire Railway Company,
Foster Marlon is fortunate to have
the opportunity to create 54 modern,
stylish apartments across the upper
storeys of the office building. It is our
vision to carefully restore the building
to bring it back to its former glory.

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Statement from the Current Architect
NS Architects Ltd forms part of a
consultant team appointed by the
client, Foster Marlon Ltd, to assess,
design and carry out a comprehensive
restoration and change of use to The
Produce Exchange. We are Design
and Manage architects based in the
North West of England.
From project inception, it was our
architectural ambition to work around
the inherent, exemplary listed building
features found only in Liverpool’s
Produce Exchange Building. The
Grade II Listed features, bearing the
ingenuity of the original architect
Henry Shelmerdine, are to be further
complemented by our contemporary
design intervention creating intelligent
solutions to the building’s change of
use from a former bank building into
a quality place to live.

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Our strong design ethos is not just
experienced internally, however, and
is continued to the rear exterior of
the listed building. Facing onto the
world famous Mathew Street elevation
you will find the creation of a new
contemporary zinc-clad intervention
within the existing roof space. This
new addition to Liverpool’s skyline
will create a series of stunning
apartments, each benefiting from
floor to ceiling glazing looking onto
the vibrancy of the Beatles-inspired
Cavern quarter.

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Existing Level 1

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The proposal is for conversion of the upper floors of the building to 54 apartments. The major redevelopment of the building starts from Level One. Most of the
existing internal walls are to remain in place, while the subdivision of most of the apartments will be constructed with stud walls.
Proposed Level 1
Note: The developer reserves the right to change the layout within the Development and the right to make modifications and changes to the building designs, specifications, features and floor plans without prior notice. Any changes to the plans shall be subject to final approval and
amendment(s) by the relevant Government Authorities.
Level 1
Unit 2
33m²
Unit 3
27m²
Unit 4
53m²
Unit 5
25m²
Unit 6
25m²
Unit 7
42m²
Unit 10
38m²Unit 11
39m²
Apartment types
Premium Studio / Pseudo 1 bedroom
Studio
2 bedroom
Circulation
FINAL Produce Exchange Brochure.indd 59 06/11/2015 12:58
Unit 9
38m²
Unit 8
38m²
UP
Proposed Level 1
ROOM SCHEDULE
Level Unit No. Apartment Type Bathroom(s)
M/F Unit 1 Studio 1
Level 1
Unit 2 Studio 1
Unit 3 Studio 1
Unit 4 2-Bedroom Apartment 1
Unit 5 Studio 1
Unit 6 Studio 1
Unit 8 Premium Studio/Pseudo 1 Bedroom 1 (bathtub)
Level 2
Unit 12 Studio 1
Unit 13 Studio 1
Unit 16 Studio 1
Unit 17 Studio 1
Unit 18 Studio 1
Level 3
Unit 22 Studio 1
Unit 23 Studio 1
Unit 26 Studio 1
Unit 27 Studio 1
Level 4
Unit 31 Studio 1
Unit 32 Studio 1
Unit 33 Studio 1
Unit 34 Premium Studio/Pseudo 1 Bedroom 1
Unit 35 Studio 1
Unit 36 Studio 1
Unit 37 Studio 1
Unit 38 Studio 1
Unit 39 Studio 1
Unit 40 Studio 1
Unit 41 Studio 1
Unit 42 Studio 1
Level 5
Unit 43 Studio 1
Unit 44 Duplex with two street view 1
Unit 45 Duplex with Skylight 1
Unit 47 Duplex 1
Unit 48 Studio 1
Unit 50 Studio 1
Unit 51 Studio 1
Unit 52 Studio 1
Unit 53 Studio 1
Unit 54 Studio 1
Level 5B
Unit 44 Upper level of duplex -

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Existing Level 2 & 3

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Proposed Level 2 & 3
Levels 2 and 3 have a fairly consistent layout pattern. Both floors have the internal courtyard, as well as the entire back elevation span up to level 4 only. A glass
roof is placed above the courtyard to allow daylight into the building.
Level 2
Apartment types
Studio
2 bedroom
3 bedroom
Circulation
Unit 12
33m²
Unit 13
28m²
Unit 14
54m²
Unit 15
77m² Unit 16
25m²
Unit 17
27m²
Unit 18
25m²
Unit 21
40m²
Unit 20
38m²
Unit 19
37m²
UP
Proposed Level 2
ROOM SCHEDULE
M/F Unit 1 Studio 1
Level 1
Unit 2 Studio 1
Unit 3 Studio 1
Unit 5 Studio 1
Unit 6 Studio 1
Level 2
Unit 12 Studio 1
Unit 13 Studio 1
Unit 16 Studio 1
Unit 17 Studio 1
Unit 18 Studio 1
Level 3
Unit 22 Studio 1
Unit 23 Studio 1
Unit 26 Studio 1
Unit 27 Studio 1
Level 4
Unit 31 Studio 1
Unit 32 Studio 1
Unit 33 Studio 1
Unit 35 Studio 1
Unit 36 Studio 1
Unit 37 Studio 1
Unit 38 Studio 1
Unit 39 Studio 1
Unit 40 Studio 1
Unit 41 Studio 1
Unit 42 Studio 1
Level 5
Unit 43 Studio 1
Unit 47 Duplex 1
Unit 48 Studio 1
Unit 50 Studio 1
Unit 51 Studio 1
Unit 52 Studio 1
Unit 53 Studio 1
Unit 54 Studio 1
Level 5B

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Existing Level 4

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Proposed Level 4
Unit 34
40m²
Level 4
Unit 31
33m²
Unit 32
28m²
Unit 33
25m²
Unit 34
40m²
Unit 35
25m²
Unit 36
25m²
Unit 37
25m²
Unit 38
27m²
Unit 39
25m²
Unit 40
25m²
Unit 41
25m²
Unit 42
25m²
Apartment types
Studio
Circulation
UP
Proposed Level 4
ROOM SCHEDULE
M/F Unit 1 Studio 1
Level 1
Unit 2 Studio 1
Unit 3 Studio 1
Unit 5 Studio 1
Unit 6 Studio 1
Level 2
Unit 12 Studio 1
Unit 13 Studio 1
Unit 16 Studio 1
Unit 17 Studio 1
Unit 18 Studio 1
Level 3
Unit 22 Studio 1
Unit 23 Studio 1
Unit 26 Studio 1
Unit 27 Studio 1
Level 4
Unit 31 Studio 1
Unit 32 Studio 1
Unit 33 Studio 1
Unit 35 Studio 1
Unit 36 Studio 1
Unit 37 Studio 1
Unit 38 Studio 1
Unit 39 Studio 1
Unit 40 Studio 1
Unit 41 Studio 1
Unit 42 Studio 1
Level 5
Unit 43 Studio 1
Unit 47 Duplex 1
Unit 48 Studio 1
Unit 50 Studio 1
Unit 51 Studio 1
Unit 52 Studio 1
Unit 53 Studio 1
Unit 54 Studio 1
Level 5B
Level 4 is primarily located at the front of the building with a proposed new build section facing the rear. This gives the building panoramic views of the city
ranging from the historic sector of Victoria Street all the way to the breathtaking venue of St George's Hall.

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Existing Level 5

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Level 5 is located at the front part of the building only. The proposal includes adding two additional floors in the side that faces Mathew Street. The marriage of
contemporary living standards within a building with such historical fabric has created a new benchmark for urban apartments.
Proposed Level 5
Level 5
Apartment types
Studio
Duplex
Circulation
Unit 43
33m²
Unit 44
49m²
Unit 45
50m²
Unit 46
37m²
Unit 47
44m²
Unit 48
25m²
Unit 49
49m²
Unit 50
32m²
Unit 51
25m²
Unit 52
25m²
Unit 53
25m²
Unit 54
25m²
UP
UP
Proposed Level 5
ROOM SCHEDULE
M/F Unit 1 Studio 1
Level 1
Unit 2 Studio 1
Unit 3 Studio 1
Unit 5 Studio 1
Unit 6 Studio 1
Level 2
Unit 12 Studio 1
Unit 13 Studio 1
Unit 16 Studio 1
Unit 17 Studio 1
Unit 18 Studio 1
Level 3
Unit 22 Studio 1
Unit 23 Studio 1
Unit 26 Studio 1
Unit 27 Studio 1
Level 4
Unit 31 Studio 1
Unit 32 Studio 1
Unit 33 Studio 1
Unit 35 Studio 1
Unit 36 Studio 1
Unit 37 Studio 1
Unit 38 Studio 1
Unit 39 Studio 1
Unit 40 Studio 1
Unit 41 Studio 1
Unit 42 Studio 1
Level 5
Unit 43 Studio 1
Unit 47 Duplex 1
Unit 48 Studio 1
Unit 50 Studio 1
Unit 51 Studio 1
Unit 52 Studio 1
Unit 53 Studio 1
Unit 54 Studio 1
Level 5B

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List of contributors
Authors:
Ximena Perez:
MA Historical and Sustainable Architecture
- New York University
Colin Wilkinson:
Director of the Bluecoat Press
- Liverpool, UK
Editor:
Ximena Perez
Photos:
Paul McMullin
Alan Wu
Design:
Fabrilk Studio Liverpool

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