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La compétence médiatique: du concept à la mesure

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La compétence médiatique: du concept à la mesure

  1. 1. Pierre Fastrez, Thibault Philippette, Thierry De Smedt Groupe de Recherche en Médiation des Savoirs La compétence médiatique Du concept à la mesure
  2. 2. Plan de l’exposé <ul><li>Contexte de recherche </li></ul><ul><li>Quelles compétences évaluer ? </li></ul><ul><li>Comment évaluer ces compétences ? </li></ul><ul><li>Le concept de littératie médiatique </li></ul><ul><li>Quelques propositions et exemples d’outils d’évaluation </li></ul>
  3. 3. Générique du projet <ul><li>Appel d’offre européen </li></ul><ul><li>Ligne politique </li></ul><ul><li>Montage et aventure d’un consortium </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Management </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Tensions théoriques et méthodologiques </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Résultats </li></ul></ul>
  4. 4. Objectifs de l’étude (tels que définis par l’appel d’offre) <ul><li>Firstly, it shall provide a thorough analysis of the possible and the most appropriate criteria for the assessment of media literacy levels . It should thereby provide the European Commission with a set of assessment criteria for media literacy levels. </li></ul><ul><li>Secondly, it should apply these criteria to the EU Member States and seek to establish their current respective levels of media literacy. The study shall provide an assessment of the media literacy levels in the Member States. </li></ul><ul><li>Thirdly, it should consider the social and economic impact (if any) on the individual Member States and at European level, of the diverse media literacy levels and policies . </li></ul><ul><li>Finally, it should propose specific measures for enhancing media literacy levels . The study should also consider the possibility of linking the implementation of media literacy policies to the EU's fundamental values </li></ul>
  5. 5. Un modèle théorique de la littératie médiatique
  6. 6. <ul><li>… ou sur quelles bases définir la littératie médiatique? </li></ul>Quelles compétences évaluer ?
  7. 7. Difficultés inhérentes à la définition de la littératie médiatique <ul><li>Evaluer la LM suppose un accord sur sa définition </li></ul><ul><li>La définition de la LM dépend </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Du contexte historique et culturel </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Du développement du paysage médiatique </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Des politiques </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>De conceptions épistémologiques </li></ul></ul>
  8. 8. Difficultés inhérentes à la définition de la littératie médiatique <ul><li>Tensions entre : </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Médias traditionnels et nouveaux médias </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>EAM et éducation au cinéma ( film education ) </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Protection vs. Préparation </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>http://www.bfi.org.uk/education/conferences/watchthis/?q=watchthis </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Media education vs. Digital skills (access & use) vs. information literacy (decoding skills) </li></ul></ul><ul><li>(cf. Burn, A. (2009). Process and outcomes - What to evaluate and how? (p. 63-73). In Proceedings of Euromeduc: Second European congress on media literacy , Bellaria, Italy. ) </li></ul>
  9. 9. Les controverses contemporaines à propos de la littératie <ul><li>Information literacy (bibliothéconomie) </li></ul><ul><li>Digital literacy (informatique) </li></ul><ul><ul><li>ECDL - http://www.dlgi.be/index.php?id=595&L=3 </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Media literacy (communication et éducation) </li></ul><ul><li>Risques actuels de l’évaluation (Buckingham) </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Convergence entre EAM et éducation numérique </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Vision de la participation sociale limitée (accès et compétences fonctionnelles vs. compréhension et création) </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Renforcement de la vieille confusion entre éducation par les médias et éducation aux médias </li></ul></ul>
  10. 10. Une approche pour définir la LM <ul><li>Définir la LM, c’est définir ce que l’on va évaluer </li></ul><ul><li>L’objectif pour la recherche sur la LM: identifier une base commune pour les définitions de la LM </li></ul><ul><ul><li>independente des contextes culturels </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>pouvant être spécifiée et interprétée dans ces contextes </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>qui excède l’accès et les usages fonctionnels des médias </li></ul></ul>
  11. 11. Une approche pour définir la LM <ul><li>Une hypothèse de départ: </li></ul><ul><ul><li>La littératie médiatique constitue un ensemble de compétences génériques </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Ces compétences sont génériques en ce qu’elles ne sont pas propres à </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>des médias spécifiques (film, presse, internet…) </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>des domaines d’activités spécifiques </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><ul><li>e.g. information commerciale, product placement , protection des mineurs, participation citoyenne… </li></ul></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Un « cercle vertueux » </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Ces compétences peuvent se développer à travers l’usage de médias spécifiques et des pratiques d’éducation aux médias spécifiques. </li></ul></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Plus ces compétences sont développées dans des contextes spécifiques variés, plus elles facilitent le processus d’appropriation d’autres médias. </li></ul></ul></ul></ul>
  12. 12. Une approche pour définir la LM <ul><li>Quelques conséquences de cette hypothèse: </li></ul><ul><ul><li>E.g. les compétences numériques ne sont pas de nature différentes des compétences liées aux médias traditionnels </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>E.g. Film studies vs. Éducation aux médias </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Capacité à apprécier le patrimoine cinématographique de sa propre culture </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Capacité à apprécier la contribution d’autres cultures à l’environnement médiatique </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>E.g. Comprendre les propriétés sémiotiques d’un média donné: </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>La représentation du temps sur un blog ou sur twitter (flux d’entrée et chronologie inversée) </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>La représentation du temps au cinéma (montage et rythme) </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>E.g. Construire des typologies: lire l’actualité et gérer ses bookmarks </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>E.g. Percevoir l’intention de l’émetteur: regarder un documentaire et modérer un forum </li></ul></ul>
  13. 13. Une approche pour définir la LM <ul><li>Nuance concernant cette hypothèse: </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Le transfert de compétences d’un contexte local à un autre n’est pas automatique </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Question en retour pour l’EAM comme pratique: quelles sont les conditions de ce transfert? </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Cercle vertueux virtuel ? </li></ul></ul>
  14. 14. <ul><li>Quelques principes méthodologiques </li></ul><ul><li>Exemples et propositions </li></ul>Comment évaluer ces compétences ?
  15. 15. Principes méthodologiques <ul><li>Quelle méthode pour évaluer des compétences ? </li></ul><ul><ul><li>La compétence (concept) se détecte à partir d’actions médiatiques à accomplir </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Définir des niveaux de performance </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Et les valider par un processus de tests expérimentaux préalables </li></ul></ul>
  16. 16. Compétences / performances médiatiques <ul><li>Performances </li></ul><ul><ul><li>En production vs. en réception </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Performance >>> compétences ex : mail >>> langagières et sociales </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Opérationnalisation : degrés de complexité </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Sur base de critères de distinction observables </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Pas dans un objectif de ranking </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Supposerait une capacité à évaluer le poids de chaque compétence </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Analyse multidimensionnelle </li></ul></ul>
  17. 17. Exemple : lecture d’image Décris ce poster ( Educaunet ) à un ami qui ne l’a pas vu <ul><li>Niveau faible : </li></ul><ul><li>Généralité </li></ul><ul><li>Succession inarticulée </li></ul><ul><li>Appréciatif </li></ul><ul><li>Niveau moyen : </li></ul><ul><li>Construction articulée d’une histoire </li></ul><ul><li>Description du point de vue de l’observateur </li></ul><ul><li>Référence à une catégorie médiatique </li></ul><ul><li>Niveau élevé : </li></ul><ul><li>Références au processus de production </li></ul><ul><li>Comparaison à d’autres expériences médiatiques </li></ul><ul><li>Attribution d’une intention à l’auteur </li></ul>
  18. 18. Niveaux de littératie <ul><li>Ceci (profils multivariés)… </li></ul><ul><li>Pas ceci (classement univarié)… </li></ul>
  19. 19. Du concept à l’indicateur
  20. 20. Du concept à l’indicateur
  21. 21. Que couvre le concept de compétence Que couvre le concept de littératie médiatique ?
  22. 22. Que couvre le concept de littératie médiatique ? <ul><li>Compétences techniques, vs. cognitives. vs sociales </li></ul><ul><li>Compétences sémiocognitives vs sociocognitives </li></ul><ul><li>Trouver une distinction conceptuelle indépendante du domaine d’activité </li></ul>
  23. 23. <ul><li>Compétences techniques , vs. cognitives. vs sociales </li></ul><ul><li>Compétences sémiocognitives vs sociocognitives </li></ul><ul><li>Trouver une distinction conceptuelle indépendante du domaine d’activité </li></ul>Que couvre le concept de littératie médiatique ?
  24. 24. Que couvre le concept de littératie médiatique ? <ul><li>Compétences techniques, vs. cognitives. vs sociales </li></ul><ul><li>Compétences sémiocognitives vs sociocognitives </li></ul><ul><li>Trouver une distinction conceptuelle indépendante du domaine d’activité </li></ul>
  25. 25. Que couvre le concept de littératie médiatique ? <ul><li>Compétences techniques , vs. cognitives. vs sociales </li></ul><ul><li>Compétences sémiocognitives vs sociocognitives </li></ul><ul><li>Trouver une distinction conceptuelle indépendante du domaine d’activité </li></ul>
  26. 26. Trois dimensions de compétences médiatiques, un modèle insatisfaisant <ul><li>Dimensions des compétences cognitives : </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Lire (décoder/ résumer/ évaluer) </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Écrire (encoder, créer, produire) </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Naviguer (chercher, explorer, gérer l’incertitude) </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Organiser (conserver, trier, annoter) </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Agir de manière responsable (connaître les règles en vigueur, des enjeux et des principes) mais il y a une dimension sociale! </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Dimensions des compétences sociales : </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Socialisation pragmatique: imiter, prendre position, s’engager </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Socialisation informationnelle: consulter, confronter, synthétiser </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Dimensions des compétences techniques:  </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Voir dans l’objet technique sa virtualité et la réaliser </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Essai - erreur </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Induire les règles de fonctionnement </li></ul></ul>
  27. 27. Vers un modèle intégrateur des compétences <ul><li>Les compétences sociales, cognitives et techniques semblent relever davantage d’une tradition disciplinaire </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Le groupe vs la personne </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Ou idéologique </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Esprit vs corps </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Idée vs matière </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Etre vs objet </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Texte vs machine </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Le solution viendra peut-être du concept de dispositif </li></ul>
  28. 28. Le modèle de l’acquisition des compétences par les jeunes Sommet 3 : cognitif Sommet 1 : technique Sommet 2 : social Capacités intellectuelles Emotions Savoirs Notions Concepts Compétences d’usage réception gestion production Relations de groupe Pratiques sociales Compétences liées Modèle, d’acquisition spontanée
  29. 29. Catalogue de médialitteratométres
  30. 30. Trois dimensions de compétences médiatiques, un modèle insatisfaisant <ul><li>Dimensions des compétences cognitives : </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Lire (décoder/ résumer/ évaluer) </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Écrire (encoder, créer, produire) </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Naviguer (chercher, explorer, gérer l’incertitude) </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Organiser (conserver, trier, annoter) </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Agir de manière responsable (connaître les règles en vigueur, des enjeux et des principes) mais il y a une dimension sociale! </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Dimensions des compétences sociales : </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Socialisation pragmatique: imiter, prendre position, s’engager </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Socialisation informationnelle: consulter, confronter, synthétiser </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Dimensions des compétences techniques:  </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Voir dans l’objet technique sa virtualité et la réaliser </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Essai - erreur </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Induire les règles de fonctionnement </li></ul></ul>
  31. 31. Indicateurs: sources d’inspiration <ul><li>Basic Literacy </li></ul><ul><li>PISA Assessment - http://www.oecd.org/... </li></ul><ul><li>Information literacy </li></ul><ul><li>UNESCO Information literacy indicators - http://www.uis.unesco.org/... </li></ul><ul><li>SAILS project – http://www.projectsails.org/ </li></ul><ul><li>Media Literacy: </li></ul><ul><li>OFCOM Media Literacy Audit - http://www.ofcom.org.uk/... </li></ul><ul><li>… </li></ul>
  32. 35. Reading skills: Test « image » <ul><li>Analysis of the following image (Educaunet poster) </li></ul><ul><li>Questions: </li></ul><ul><li>Q1 - explain the poster to a friend who hasn't seen it </li></ul><ul><li>Q2 - what is the main purpose of this poster? </li></ul><ul><ul><li>to emphasize the view that what you find on the internet is also present in the real life (L2) </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>to attract the attention of children (L1) </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>to sell more computers </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>to make people more distrustful about internet use </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>to promote the use of internet to plan holidays </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>to go against the idea that internet must be avoided by children because it is dangerous for them (L3) </li></ul></ul>
  33. 36. Reading skills: Test « image » <ul><li>Answer classification scheme for Q1 </li></ul><ul><li>L1: answer = one general item ('it's a city') </li></ul><ul><li>L1: answer = succession of unarticulated items ('an then there is…' </li></ul><ul><li>L1: answer = an appreciative ('it's cool') </li></ul><ul><li>L2: answer = a story with a distinction between figure and background, and/or an description of the standpoint of the observator </li></ul><ul><li>L2: answer refers to an existing media category </li></ul><ul><li>L3: answer includes the media making process, or refers to another existing media or to their viewing experience, or attributes an intention to the author </li></ul>
  34. 37. Reading skills: Test « son » <ul><li>Comparison of two audio sequences, including: </li></ul><ul><ul><li>seashore background </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>birds in the distance </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>sounds of a carpenter using his tools </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>someone whistling, walking by </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>a rain storm coming at the end, causing the walker to run away, and the carpenter to stop working </li></ul></ul><ul><li>One version from the walker's standpoint, the other from the standpoint of a listener standing close to the carpenter. </li></ul><ul><li>Questions: </li></ul><ul><li>Q1a - explain what you have heard in the first sequence to a friend who hasn't heard it </li></ul><ul><li>Q1b - explain what you have heard in the second sequence to a friend who hasn't heard it </li></ul><ul><li>Q2 - Is there a difference between the two sequences? If yes, what is it? </li></ul><ul><li>Q3 - Cite a maximum of people involved in the making of the sequences </li></ul>
  35. 38. Reading skills: Test « son » <ul><li>Answer classification scheme for Q1a and Q1b </li></ul><ul><li>Q1L1: answer = one general item ('it's the sea') </li></ul><ul><li>Q1L1: answer = succession of unarticulated items ('an then there is…') </li></ul><ul><li>Q1L1: answer = an appreciative ('it's cool') </li></ul><ul><li>Q1L2: answer = a story with a distinction between trajectors and background, and/or an description of the motion of the observator </li></ul><ul><li>Q1L2: answer refers to an existing media category </li></ul><ul><li>Q1L3: answer includes the media making process, or refers to another existing media or to their listening experience, or attributes an intention to the author </li></ul><ul><li>Answer classification scheme for Q2 </li></ul><ul><li>Q2L1: answer = no </li></ul><ul><li>Q2L1: explains the difference based on the characteristics of the things that produce sounds ('the tools are louder') </li></ul><ul><li>Q2L2: explains the difference based on the observator's position </li></ul><ul><li>Q2L3: explains the difference in terms of miking, mixing, sound processing or composition </li></ul><ul><li>Answer classification scheme for Q3 </li></ul><ul><li>Q3L1. People presented in the media (e.g. the artist, the character) </li></ul><ul><li>Q3L2. &quot;Makers&quot; </li></ul><ul><li>Q3L3. Both & external references </li></ul>
  36. 39. Writing skills: survey questions <ul><li>Q1. What kind of writer are you? </li></ul><ul><li>(choose all that apply) </li></ul><ul><li>I usually take note of events in an agenda (L1) </li></ul><ul><li>I use post-it notes (L1) </li></ul><ul><li>I have a diary or a blog in which I write personal thoughts, opinions or experiences (L2) </li></ul><ul><li>Some of my writings are published (L3) </li></ul><ul><li>None of the above (L0) </li></ul><ul><li>  </li></ul><ul><li>Q2. What kind of computer user are you? </li></ul><ul><li>(choose all that apply) </li></ul><ul><li>I post web links on a blog or send them to others by email (L1) </li></ul><ul><li>I am used to making presentations using Powerpoint, Keynote (Mac) or Impress (OpenOffice) (L2) </li></ul><ul><li>I designed the information architecture of a website (L3) </li></ul><ul><li>None of the above (L0) </li></ul><ul><li>Q3. What kind of audio creator are you? </li></ul><ul><li>(choose all that apply) </li></ul><ul><li>I record original material (L1) </li></ul><ul><li>I edit and mix original material (L2) </li></ul><ul><li>I publish my own audio production (L3) </li></ul><ul><li>None of the above (L0) </li></ul><ul><li>Q4. What kind of video creator are you? </li></ul><ul><li>(choose all that apply) </li></ul><ul><li>I never shoot video without deliberately choosing the appropriate settings and position of my camera (L1) </li></ul><ul><li>I sort the video that I shoot in an organized collection (files and folders, discs, website…) (L2) </li></ul><ul><li>I edited them and the final cut was shown to an audience (live, broadcasted or online) (L3) </li></ul><ul><li>None of the above (L0) </li></ul>
  37. 40. Writing / Organizing skills: survey questions <ul><li>Q1. How many pictures have you taken during the last 3 months? </li></ul><ul><li>Q2. What did you do with these pictures or pictures received from others during the same period? (choose all that apply) </li></ul><ul><li>[org-0] I left them on my camera/mobile phone </li></ul><ul><li>[org-1] I dumped them in a folder on my computer </li></ul><ul><li>[org-1] I deleted some and keep the best ones </li></ul><ul><li>[org-1] I renamed them in a useful way </li></ul><ul><li>[org-2] I grouped them in different folders </li></ul><ul><li>[org-2] I used a specialized software to create picture collections </li></ul><ul><li>[org-2] I uploaded them on photo sharing websites </li></ul><ul><li>[org-3] I tagged them or add metadata to them in a useful way </li></ul><ul><li>[org-3] I invented my own classification scheme </li></ul><ul><li>[wri-2] I edited some to correct them (red eye correction, color correction, exposure...) </li></ul><ul><li>[wri-3] I edited some to enhance them (cropping, applying effects, combining) </li></ul><ul><li>[wri-3] I published some on a photo exhibition website or in a photo magazine </li></ul>
  38. 41. Responsible Use: survey questions <ul><li>Q2. Is it legal for you to use pictures taken by another person on your own Web page? </li></ul><ul><li>CHOOSE ONLY ONE ANSWER. </li></ul><ul><li>Yes, if it is from the Web where all images are in the public domain. </li></ul><ul><li>Yes, if the photographer gives permission. (L1) </li></ul><ul><li>Yes, if you scan the image yourself. </li></ul><ul><li>Yes, if the rights owner gives permission. (L2) </li></ul><ul><li>Yes, if you alter the image. </li></ul><ul><li>Yes, if the rights owner and the people appearing on the picture give permission. (L3) </li></ul><ul><li>No, it is not legal for you to use pictures taken by another person on your own Web page. </li></ul>
  39. 42. Responsible Use: survey questions <ul><li>Q3. Which of the following best identifies a &quot;legal right, which the creator of an original work has, to only allow reproduction of the work with permission and sometimes on payment of royalties or fees?“ Choose only one answer. </li></ul><ul><li>Branding </li></ul><ul><li>Copyright (L2) </li></ul><ul><li>Patent </li></ul><ul><li>Trade name </li></ul><ul><li>Trademark </li></ul><ul><li>Q5. Which of the following concepts makes it ethically wrong to use the works of another person without giving them credit? Choose only one answer. </li></ul><ul><li>Copyright </li></ul><ul><li>Fair use </li></ul><ul><li>Freedom of information / Access to information </li></ul><ul><li>Intellectual property (L2) </li></ul><ul><li>Right to privacy </li></ul>
  40. 43. Responsible Use: Test « stakeholders » <ul><li>A qui ceci pourrait-il nuire? </li></ul><ul><li>Pourquoi? </li></ul><ul><li>A qui ceci pourrait-il profiter? </li></ul><ul><li>Pourquoi? </li></ul><ul><li>A qui serait-il important de montrer ceci? </li></ul><ul><li>Pourquoi? </li></ul><ul><li>Pour qui ceci a-t-il été fait? </li></ul><ul><li>Pourquoi? </li></ul>
  41. 44. Conclusions <ul><li>La définition des compétences et leur opérationnalisation est une condition sine qua non de l’évaluation de la littératie médiatique. </li></ul><ul><li>L’élaboration d’outils d’évaluation est un moyen de fixer des objectifs pour les éducateurs aux médias </li></ul><ul><ul><li>comblant le vide entre </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>les buts asymptotiques (« être un citoyen et un usager des médias actif ») </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>et les savoir-faire pratiques (« savoir comment cadrer un gros plan ») </li></ul></ul></ul>
  42. 45. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION Questions? Comments?

Notes de l'éditeur

  • EuroMeduc Bellaria - Oct. 22nd, 2009 Thierry Pierre Fastrez [UCL/GReMS] EuroMeduc Bellaria - Oct. 22nd, 2009
  • Thierry Pierre Fastrez [UCL/GReMS] EuroMeduc Bellaria - Oct. 22nd, 2009
  • Thierry Pierre Fastrez [UCL/GReMS] EuroMeduc Bellaria - Oct. 22nd, 2009
  • Pierre Pierre Fastrez [UCL/GReMS] EuroMeduc Bellaria - Oct. 22nd, 2009
  • Pierre Fastrez [UCL/GReMS] EuroMeduc Bellaria - Oct. 22nd, 2009
  • Assessing ML requires an agreement on what it is Defining ML is dependent on Historical and cultural context Media landscape development Policies – one may argue it is the other way around… priorités en termes d’éducation (ex: priorité actuelle = inclusion sociale (éviter la fracture numérique), et donc favoriser l’accès aux technologies et le développement de digital skills Epistemological views – relationship to knowledge, nature of knowledge, relationship to culture… un exemple: protection vs. Éducation Qui plus est, la question « pour qui évalue-t-on ces compétences? » (who needs to know?) est également susceptible d’influencer la définition de ce qui est évalué (what needs to be known?) Pierre Pierre Fastrez [UCL/GReMS] EuroMeduc Bellaria - Oct. 22nd, 2009
  • Pierre Pierre Fastrez [UCL/GReMS] EuroMeduc Bellaria - Oct. 22nd, 2009
  • Pierre Pierre Fastrez [UCL/GReMS] EuroMeduc Bellaria - Oct. 22nd, 2009
  • Common ground for ML definition Independent of cultural contexts That can be specified / interpreted in these contexts Media Literacy lies in the individual’s competences not the media environment: media literacy is not media education Outcome vs process Evaluating the process is evaluating its efficiency with respect to the outcome So we need to be able to assess the outcome first I will talk about media literacy, not media education The result in terms of acquired / developed competences Not the process through which they were acquired / developed I will focus on ML as a concept related to the individual, not to their environment Evaluating the process requires the ability to evaluate the outcome Pierre Fastrez [UCL/GReMS] EuroMeduc Bellaria - Oct. 22nd, 2009
  • A fundamental hypothesis: Media Literacy is related to a number of basic technical, social and cognitive skills By basic, I mean high-order Bi-lateral relationship (virtuous circle) Skills can be developed through media use and media education The more these skills are developed, the more they facilitate ML development Médiations sémiotiques et sociales (relire Meunier Connaître par l’image) Médias comme technologies de l’intelligence (Lévy) / mindtools (Jonassen) Côté social? Acknowledging this means we need to relate specific skills to their “common ground” Digital skills are not different They are just specific in some ways, but rely on the same overall set of skills They facilitate expression and creation Film studies vs. media education Unless you are advocating blunt protectionism, appreciating one’s media cultural heritage relies on the same skills as appreciating other cultures’ contribution to the media environment Not related to specific activity domains (commercial information, product placement, minor protection, civic participation…) Pierre Pierre Fastrez [UCL/GReMS] EuroMeduc Bellaria - Oct. 22nd, 2009
  • Acknowledging this means we need to relate specific skills to their “common ground” Digital skills are not different They are just specific in some ways, but rely on the same overall set of skills They facilitate expression and creation They facilitate “close pragamtics” with social peers Film studies vs. media education Unless you are advocating blunt protectionism, appreciating one’s media cultural heritage relies on the same skills as appreciating other cultures’ contribution to the media environment Reception (“critical understanding”) and production (“creativity”) reception is not just cognitive, production is not just social Not related to specific activity domains (commercial information, product placement, minor protection, civic participation…) Pierre Pierre Fastrez [UCL/GReMS] EuroMeduc Bellaria - Oct. 22nd, 2009
  • Acknowledging this means we need to relate specific skills to their “common ground” Digital skills are not different They are just specific in some ways, but rely on the same overall set of skills They facilitate expression and creation They facilitate “close pragamtics” with social peers Film studies vs. media education Unless you are advocating blunt protectionism, appreciating one’s media cultural heritage relies on the same skills as appreciating other cultures’ contribution to the media environment Reception (“critical understanding”) and production (“creativity”) reception is not just cognitive, production is not just social Not related to specific activity domains (commercial information, product placement, minor protection, civic participation…) Pierre Pierre Fastrez [UCL/GReMS] EuroMeduc Bellaria - Oct. 22nd, 2009
  • Thibault Pierre Fastrez [UCL/GReMS] EuroMeduc Bellaria - Oct. 22nd, 2009
  • Concept donc abstrait Cf. Idée de « t âches » versus « activités » chez Bernard Rey / performance Pierre Fastrez [UCL/GReMS] EuroMeduc Bellaria - Oct. 22nd, 2009
  • Distinction compétence - performance (Piaget, Chomsky, etc.) Degré de complexité Pierre Fastrez [UCL/GReMS] EuroMeduc Bellaria - Oct. 22nd, 2009
  • Exemple à titre indicatif, non évalué (« l’échelle reprent-elle toutes les performances observées sur un groupe-test ? ») Rappel : on parle de « niveaux » mais l’expression ne doit pas renvoyer à un classement (univarié) Pierre Fastrez [UCL/GReMS] EuroMeduc Bellaria - Oct. 22nd, 2009
  • Pierre Fastrez [UCL/GReMS] EuroMeduc Bellaria - Oct. 22nd, 2009
  • Les indicateurs correspondant à des t âches spécifiques sur des médias spécifiques Ils nous informent plus largement sur le concept de ML (mouvant) A travers des capacités génériques qui le constituent (compétences) Pierre Fastrez [UCL/GReMS] EuroMeduc Bellaria - Oct. 22nd, 2009
  • Dimensions: Comment les construire ? Sur base d’un travail inductif Pas de distinction réception / production à ce niveau ! Quels niveaux définir ? Général vs. particulier Complexité Pierre Fastrez [UCL/GReMS] EuroMeduc Bellaria - Oct. 22nd, 2009
  • Pierre Fastrez [UCL/GReMS] EuroMeduc Bellaria - Oct. 22nd, 2009
  • Cognitive vs. social? (vs. technical) Semio-cognitive vs. Socio-cognitive? Representation vs. intention vs. information? Thierry Pierre Fastrez [UCL/GReMS] EuroMeduc Bellaria - Oct. 22nd, 2009
  • Cognitive vs. social? (vs. technical) Semio-cognitive vs. Socio-cognitive? Representation vs. intention vs. information? Thierry Pierre Fastrez [UCL/GReMS] EuroMeduc Bellaria - Oct. 22nd, 2009
  • Cognitive vs. social? (vs. technical) Semio-cognitive vs. Socio-cognitive? Representation vs. intention vs. information? Thierry Pierre Fastrez [UCL/GReMS] EuroMeduc Bellaria - Oct. 22nd, 2009
  • Cognitive vs. social? (vs. technical) Semio-cognitive vs. Socio-cognitive? Representation vs. intention vs. information? Thierry Pierre Fastrez [UCL/GReMS] EuroMeduc Bellaria - Oct. 22nd, 2009
  • EuroMeduc Bellaria - Oct. 22nd, 2009 Pragmatic socialization: The extent to which each individual poses communicational acts that establish social relationships in more or less extended social spaces. The lowest level pertains to fusional and close relationships between peers. The highest level is characterized by a great variety and a great complexity, crisscrossing undifferentiation and unanimity with singularization and negotiation. Informational socialization: The extent to which each individual extends and diversifies their relationships as a receiver, a relay, or a producer of information within social space. Pragmatic socialization to confuse oneself with… (level 0) The individual uses media to create and maintain local relationships where unanimity and undifferentiation rules to imitate someone The individual follows trends, imitates role models, etc. through the use of various media to position oneself The individual has the ability to situate and differentiate themselves and their point of view within the network of relationships they are involved in through the use of various media to commit oneself The individual uses the media to get involved into communities of ideals (associations, citizen initiatives…) and commits to this involvement Informational socialization to perceive (level 0) The individual has access to information through media but does not select or attend to it. This level would be the equivalent of ‘hearing’ (without listening) for audition. to consult The individual selects and attends to several media sources of information in his personal context. to confront The individual is able to compare and contrast the information they receive from different media sources. to synthesize The individual can articulate the different media sources of information into one synthetic point of view. Thierry EuroMeduc Bellaria - Oct. 22nd, 2009 Pierre Fastrez [UCL/GReMS]
  • Thierry
  • EuroMeduc Bellaria - Oct. 22nd, 2009 Thierry
  • EuroMeduc Bellaria - Oct. 22nd, 2009 Pragmatic socialization: The extent to which each individual poses communicational acts that establish social relationships in more or less extended social spaces. The lowest level pertains to fusional and close relationships between peers. The highest level is characterized by a great variety and a great complexity, crisscrossing undifferentiation and unanimity with singularization and negotiation. Informational socialization: The extent to which each individual extends and diversifies their relationships as a receiver, a relay, or a producer of information within social space. Pragmatic socialization to confuse oneself with… (level 0) The individual uses media to create and maintain local relationships where unanimity and undifferentiation rules to imitate someone The individual follows trends, imitates role models, etc. through the use of various media to position oneself The individual has the ability to situate and differentiate themselves and their point of view within the network of relationships they are involved in through the use of various media to commit oneself The individual uses the media to get involved into communities of ideals (associations, citizen initiatives…) and commits to this involvement Informational socialization to perceive (level 0) The individual has access to information through media but does not select or attend to it. This level would be the equivalent of ‘hearing’ (without listening) for audition. to consult The individual selects and attends to several media sources of information in his personal context. to confront The individual is able to compare and contrast the information they receive from different media sources. to synthesize The individual can articulate the different media sources of information into one synthetic point of view. Thierry EuroMeduc Bellaria - Oct. 22nd, 2009 Pierre Fastrez [UCL/GReMS]
  • Pierre Fastrez [UCL/GReMS] EuroMeduc Bellaria - Oct. 22nd, 2009

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