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Volumes & Surfaces Areas 3
2 2
Surface Area of Any Prism    (b is the shape of the ends)  Surface Area = Lateral area + Area of two ends  (Lateral area) = (perimeter of shape b) * L  Surface Area = (perimeter of shape b) * L+ 2*(Area of shape b)         
RHS Congruence RHS-Right Angle Hypotenuse Side! ,[object Object],[object Object]
Example proving AAA congruence P A In this figure QA and PB are perpendiculars to AB. If AO is equal to 10cm, BO equal to 6cm, & PB equal to 9cm, Find AQ. O Let us consider the triangles OAQ and OBP congruent. <A=<B                             A <AOQ=<BOP (vertically opposite angles)              A <P=<Q (corresponding)   A 10    AQ  6  =  9 90=6AQ AQ=15   Q B
In a parallelogram if one angle A is equal to 110 degrees find the remaining angles? All sides of a parallelogram have to equal 360 degrees. So if Angle A is 110 degrees then 360=110 + B + C + D -110=- 110 250= B + C + D  D also =s 110 360-220= 140 So B & C = 70.
If the diagonals of a parallelogram are equal, then show it is a rectangle? Theorem 11.1 If ABCD is a parallelogram then its nonconsecutive sides and its nonconsecutive angles are equal. Proof We need to prove that AB = CD, BC = AD.
SASSide/Angle/Side SAS- If 2 sides and the included angle are congruent to 2 sides and the included angle of a 2nd triangle, the 2 triangles are congruent. And included angle is an angle created by 2 sides of a triangle.
SSSSide/Side/Side It is a rule that is used in geometry to prove triangles congruent. The rule states that if 3 sides on 1 triangle are congruent to 3 sides of a 2nd triangle, the 2 triangles are congruent.    
AAAAngle/Angle/Angle If in 2 triangles, corresponding angles are equal, then their corresponding sides are in the same ratio and hence the 2 triangles are similar. a d <a=<d <b=<e <c=<f b c e f
ASAAngle/Side/Angle ASA is a rule used in geometry to prove triangles are congruent. The rule states that if 2 angles and the included side of one triangle are congruent to 2 angles and the included side of another triangle, the triangles are congruent.
AASAngle/Angle/Side AAS is used in geometry to prove triangles are congruent. The rules state that if 2 angles and a non-included side of 1 triangle are congruent to 2 angles and the corresponding non-included side of another triangle the 2 triangles are congruent.
CPCTCCorresponding Parts of Congruent Triangle Are Congruent/Equal When 2 triangles are congruent, all 6 pairs of corresponding parts {angles & sides} are congruent. This statement is usually simplified as corresponding parts of congruent triangles are congruent. If                           then the following conditions are true:                                                                                                                      
E q u i v a l e n c er e l a t i o n s Reflexivity: a ~ a *Every triangle is congruent to itself Symmetry: if a ~ b then b ~ a Transitive: if a ~ b and b ~ c then a ~c.
<1, <5 <2,<6 <3,<7 <4,<8 Corresponding angles 1                2 3 4 5 6 8 7 Alternate Interior Angles <3, <5 <4, <6 Alternate Exterior Angles <1, <7 <2, <8 In geometry, adjacent angles are angles that have a common ray coming out of the vertex going between two other rays.  Ex. Of adjacent Angles
Supplementary Angles A pair of angles are supplementary if their respective measures sum to 180°. If the two supplementary angles are adjacent (i.e. have a common vertex and share a side, but do not have any interior points in common) their non-shared sides form a line.
Complementary Angles A pair of angles are complementary if the sum of their angles is 90°. If the two complementary angles are adjacent (i.e. have a common vertex and share a side, but do not have any interior points in common) their non-shared sides form a right angle.
Area of Circle= πr²  Arc length= circumference-2πr * Area/360 Arc length=Circumference multiplied by πr² divided by 2πr Area of a sector= A= mAB/360 * πr² ( ( (
What π =
l- length b- base h- height W- width  a- just a side s- side
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  • 2. 2 2
  • 3.
  • 4. Surface Area of Any Prism  (b is the shape of the ends) Surface Area = Lateral area + Area of two ends (Lateral area) = (perimeter of shape b) * L Surface Area = (perimeter of shape b) * L+ 2*(Area of shape b)        
  • 5.
  • 6. Example proving AAA congruence P A In this figure QA and PB are perpendiculars to AB. If AO is equal to 10cm, BO equal to 6cm, & PB equal to 9cm, Find AQ. O Let us consider the triangles OAQ and OBP congruent. <A=<B A <AOQ=<BOP (vertically opposite angles) A <P=<Q (corresponding) A 10 AQ 6 = 9 90=6AQ AQ=15 Q B
  • 7. In a parallelogram if one angle A is equal to 110 degrees find the remaining angles? All sides of a parallelogram have to equal 360 degrees. So if Angle A is 110 degrees then 360=110 + B + C + D -110=- 110 250= B + C + D D also =s 110 360-220= 140 So B & C = 70.
  • 8. If the diagonals of a parallelogram are equal, then show it is a rectangle? Theorem 11.1 If ABCD is a parallelogram then its nonconsecutive sides and its nonconsecutive angles are equal. Proof We need to prove that AB = CD, BC = AD.
  • 9. SASSide/Angle/Side SAS- If 2 sides and the included angle are congruent to 2 sides and the included angle of a 2nd triangle, the 2 triangles are congruent. And included angle is an angle created by 2 sides of a triangle.
  • 10. SSSSide/Side/Side It is a rule that is used in geometry to prove triangles congruent. The rule states that if 3 sides on 1 triangle are congruent to 3 sides of a 2nd triangle, the 2 triangles are congruent.    
  • 11. AAAAngle/Angle/Angle If in 2 triangles, corresponding angles are equal, then their corresponding sides are in the same ratio and hence the 2 triangles are similar. a d <a=<d <b=<e <c=<f b c e f
  • 12. ASAAngle/Side/Angle ASA is a rule used in geometry to prove triangles are congruent. The rule states that if 2 angles and the included side of one triangle are congruent to 2 angles and the included side of another triangle, the triangles are congruent.
  • 13. AASAngle/Angle/Side AAS is used in geometry to prove triangles are congruent. The rules state that if 2 angles and a non-included side of 1 triangle are congruent to 2 angles and the corresponding non-included side of another triangle the 2 triangles are congruent.
  • 14. CPCTCCorresponding Parts of Congruent Triangle Are Congruent/Equal When 2 triangles are congruent, all 6 pairs of corresponding parts {angles & sides} are congruent. This statement is usually simplified as corresponding parts of congruent triangles are congruent. If                          then the following conditions are true:                                                                                                                 
  • 15. E q u i v a l e n c er e l a t i o n s Reflexivity: a ~ a *Every triangle is congruent to itself Symmetry: if a ~ b then b ~ a Transitive: if a ~ b and b ~ c then a ~c.
  • 16. <1, <5 <2,<6 <3,<7 <4,<8 Corresponding angles 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 7 Alternate Interior Angles <3, <5 <4, <6 Alternate Exterior Angles <1, <7 <2, <8 In geometry, adjacent angles are angles that have a common ray coming out of the vertex going between two other rays. Ex. Of adjacent Angles
  • 17. Supplementary Angles A pair of angles are supplementary if their respective measures sum to 180°. If the two supplementary angles are adjacent (i.e. have a common vertex and share a side, but do not have any interior points in common) their non-shared sides form a line.
  • 18. Complementary Angles A pair of angles are complementary if the sum of their angles is 90°. If the two complementary angles are adjacent (i.e. have a common vertex and share a side, but do not have any interior points in common) their non-shared sides form a right angle.
  • 19. Area of Circle= πr² Arc length= circumference-2πr * Area/360 Arc length=Circumference multiplied by πr² divided by 2πr Area of a sector= A= mAB/360 * πr² ( ( (
  • 21.
  • 22. l- length b- base h- height W- width a- just a side s- side