1. PROSE
Presented by:
Lemmuela Alvita Kurniawati (136332040)

2. PROSE
Introductio
n
Types of
Prose
Narrative
Elements
of Prose

3. INTRODUCTION
• From Latin word prosa, part of the phrase prosa oratio , meaning
straightforward speech/ a natural flow of speech
• Written or spoken language in its ordinary form, without metrical structure
• Written in full grammatical sentences, which then constitutes paragraph

4. TYPES OF PROSE
Fiction
• Short story
• Novel
• Novella
• Folktale – legend,
fable, parable
Non Fiction
• Biography
• Autobiography
• History
• Letter
• Diary
• Journal

5. • Is telling stories, true or false, factual
or fictional, in any medium.
• Is any activity which results in a story
being told and an event represented
and reported.
Narrative
ELEMENTS OF NARRATIVE

6. ELEMENTS OF NARRATIVE (CONTINUED)
Narrative Texts
Story (What is
told)
Discourse (How
is it told)

7. ELEMENTS OF PROSE FICTION
1. Plot
2. Character and
characterization
3. Setting
4. Point of View
5. Theme

8. PLOT
The structure, “framework” or “skeleton” of
the story
The story arc that holds all the events of a
story in an orderly way (E.M. Froster)
The casual and logical structure that
connects events (E.M. Froster)

9. PLOT (CONTINUED)

10. PLOT (CONTINUED)
Introduction (Exposition)
• The beginning of the story where
characters and setting are
established
Rising Action
• Complications that arise when the
characters take steps to resolve
their conflict
Climax
• The turning point of the story and
is meant to be the moment of
highest interest and emotion
Falling Action
• The conflict is in the process of
being resolved or “unraveled
Resolution (Denouement )
• When the problem/conflict is
resolved and the story ends

11. CHARACTER AND CHARACTERIZATION
• Character : a person or being in a story that performs the action of
the plot.
• Characterization : the process by which the writer reveals the
personality of the character

12. CHARACTER AND CHARACTERIZATION
(CONTINUED)
Types of
Character
Antagonist
Protagonist Dynamic
Static

13. CHARACTER AND CHARACTERIZATION
• Example: He was a simple, good-natured man; he was moreover
a kind neighbor and an obedient, henpecked husband. (‘Rip Van
Winkle’ by Washington Irving)
Direct
characterization
• Example: I jumped up, knocking over my chair, and had reached
the door when Mama called, ‘Pick up that chair, sit down again,
and say excuse me’. (‘The Scarlet Ibis’ by James Hurst)
Indirect
characterization
(CONTINUED)

14. SETTING
The historical time and place, and the social circumstances in the
‘world’ of the literature
Geographic
location
• topography
Cultural
backdrop
• way of life
Artificial
environment
• buildings
Properties
• furniture

15. SETTING
Like as he is to look at, so is his apartment in the dusk of the present
afternoon. Rusty, out of date, withdrawing from attention, able to afford it.
Heavy broad-backed old-fashioned mahogany and horsehair chairs, not easily
lifted, obsolete tables with spindle-legs and dusty baize covers, presentation
prints of the holders of great titles in the last generation, or the last but one,
environ him. A thick and dingy Turkey-carpet muffles the floor where he sits,
attended by two candles in old-fashioned silver candlesticks, that give a very
insufficient light to his large room.
(Dickens, Bleak House, ch. 10).

16. POINT OF VIEW
Point of view is how an author tells his or her reader about a character.
• Involving the
use of either of
the two
pronouns “I”
and “we
First person
• Employing the
pronoun “you”
Second
person
• Entering the
thought of
every character
Third person
omniscient
• Entering the
thought of one
character
Third person
limited

17. “I have of late,—but wherefore I know not,—
lost all my mirth, forgone all custom of
exercises; and indeed, it goes so heavily with
my disposition that this goodly frame, the
earth, seems to me a sterile promontory.”
‘Hamlet’ by Shakespeare
POINT OF VIEW
Harry had taken up his place at wizard school,
where he and his scar were famous ...but now
the school year was over, and he was back
with the Dursleys for the summer, back to
being treated like a dog that had rolled in
something smelly.
Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets by
J.K. Rowling

18. THEME
• A main idea or an underlying meaning of a literary work that may be stated directly
or indirectly.
• Examples of themes:
Love and friendship War
Crime and mystery Revenge

19. THANK YOU