4. Directions
1.
2.
3.
4.
Go over the debate topics.
Break into groups.
Assign debate topic and point of view.
Research the topic and fill in their
debate organizer.
5. Create an introductory paragraph that
presents a debate thesis and
introduces three claims.
5. Topics to Debate
Should the United States build an
atomic bomb?
Should the United States drop an
atomic bomb on Japan?
Should the United States drop a second
bomb on Japan?
Did the United States make the correct
decision about dropping the bomb?
6. Debate Preparation
1. Class is broken into 2 groups.
Pro and anti bomb.
1. Students are assigned a topic to represent.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Should the United States build an atomic bomb?
Should the United States drop an atomic bomb on Japan?
Should the United States drop a second bomb on Japan?
Did the United States make the correct decision about
dropping the bomb?
2. Read and highlight/underline the handout.
3. In your notebook, write notes about your topic using
information from the textbook and handout.
4. Fill out the debate organizer using the textbook, the
handout, and extend your research into other sources.
5. Look at rubric to see how the debate is scored.
7.
8. Debate Steps
First Speaker, Proposition Team 2 minutes
First Speaker, Opposition Team 2 minutes
Second Speaker, Proposition Team 2 minutes
Second Speaker, Opposition Team 2 minutes
Rebuttal Speaker, Opposition Team 1 minute
Rebuttal Speaker, Proposition Team 1 minute
9. Opposition Rebuttal
Summary speech for your team.
Focus on the 2-4 critical claims your
team made.
Do not start new arguments.
10. Proposition Rebuttal
Summarize the entire debate.
Answer the critical claims brought up
in the Opposition Rebuttal.
Do not start new arguments.
11. Debate Terms
Claim- The argument you are making.
Counterclaim- The argument your opponent is
making or the point you are trying to disprove.
Point of information- A request by a member
of one team to a person who is speaking to
give some of her time to the other team to
make a comment or ask a question about her
speech.
Heckling- An interruption of a speaker during
her presentation.
12. Points of Information
Also known as POI (pronounced “P-O-I”)
May be accepted or rejected
May not last longer than 15 seconds
Accept only 1 point at a time
Person making a POI may not
Interrupt the speaker’s answer to the point
Make a two-part question
Ask a follow-up question
13. Heckle
Encouraged heckling
Applaud teammates and opponents after
their speeches
Done by:
Pounding on a desktop with an open palm
Slapping one’s hand 3-4 times
When to:
Supporting a partner’s particularly clever or
winning argument
May add a shout of “Hear! Hear!” to the
pounding
Disagree with an opponent
Shout “Shame!” but do not pound on the table
14. Heckle
Illegal heckling
Disrupting the debate in any other manner
than those listed on the slide above
May result in losing points for your debate
even if you are not currently debating.
17. Japanese
conduct
Has been brutal
throughout the war.
slaughtered civilians,
bombed cities,
tortured prisoners-often
working them to death.
May have caused more
deaths during the war
than the Nazis
May have killed over 17
million people.
Sneak attack on Pearl
Harbor
18. Battles against the Japanese
Resulted in
horrendous casualties
on both sides:
Iwo Jima
22,000 Japanese
soldiers
only about 1000
survived
Okinawa
100,000 Japanese
soldiers
along with about
150,000 civilians
only 7000 surrendered;
19. Military situation
War has drastically
weakened Japan
Japanese navy
essentially been
destroyed.
Bombing destroyed
many cities,
railroads, and
factories.
20. Operation Olympic
Invasion plan of
Japanese homeland
Scheduled for November
1st..
Some advise to
blockade the islands and
continue bombing until
surrender.
U.S. bombs Japanese
cities on a regular basis
almost every major
Japanese city hit.
firebombing of Tokyo in
March killed over 100,000
people.
21. U.S. intercepted messages
between Japan and Russia
Show Japanese want to
surrender with
conditions
U.S. pursued a policy to
surrender
unconditionally.
Russians have promised
the U.S. that they will
attack Japan on August
15th.
22. Japan’s Supreme War Council
Decision-making body,
Hopes to achieve one last major victory before it
negotiating seriously with the U.S.
Ketsugo - military plan
use remaining strength to defend their islands and inflict
heavy casualties
Think U.S. will have to agree to give better surrender terms
23. Stalin favors
unconditional
surrender
Wants to crush Japan
completely.
Expects the victorious
nations to partition and
oversee Japan
Include a Russian zone of
occupation
Similar to Germany
24. American public opinion
Favors continually
bombing Japan
90% of Americans want
Japan's unconditional
surrender
One-third of Americans
favor executing the
emperor
Almost all other
Americans want him
removed from power
after the war
25. Atomic bomb
Successful test on an
atomic bomb in the
New Mexico desert.
A single atomic bomb
can destroy a whole city
26. Potsdam Declaration
July 26th, Truman issued the Postdam
Declaration
U.S. threatened the Japanese with utter
destruction.
Japanese could not return their emperor.
27. Interim Committee
Recommendation
Bomb should be
used against Japan
as soon as possible
against a war plant
surrounded by
workers' homes,
without prior
warning.
28. Other options
Some military leaders predict 175,000
American casualties if the U.S. invades Kyushu
Two other military strategies available:
blockade has become extremely effective:
Japan can import almost nothing
bombing campaign has weakened Japan.
report on the effectiveness of conventional bombing
concentrate all of its bombing on railroads, bridges,
and ferries,
Starvation will become widespread throughout the
country
29. Truman takes advice of
Interim Committee
Use of the atomic bomb against
a military target,
factory surrounded by workers'
houses.
U.S. planes dropped the bomb
on the city of Hiroshima on
August 6th, killing about
100,000 people.
The Japanese government did not
respond.
Russians are about to declare war
and attack Japanese forces in
Manchuria.
30. The U.S. military plans
second atomic bomb on
another Japanese city.
Truman did not
interfere with plans for
the second bombing
U.S. planes dropped
the bomb on Nagasaki
on August 9th.
President Truman
ordered the military
not to use atomic
bombs without his
specific authorization.
31. Fighting ends
August 14th
September 2nd the U.S. accepted the
formal surrender of Japan.
Historical perspectives on Truman's
decision: Truman's decision to drop the
atomic bombs on Hiroshima and
Nagasaki remains controversial.
Notes de l'éditeur
Other essential question: What impact do challenges abroad have on Americans at home?