ROM

1. RANGE OF MOTION
EXERCICES

2. EXERCISE - Definition
Exercise is any bodily activity that
enhances or maintains physical
fitness and overall health and wellness.

3. Type of Physical Exercise
1. Aerobic exercise- Aerobic exercise is
any physical activity that uses large muscle
groups and causes the body to use
more oxygen than it would while resting.
Examples- Running, Cycling, Swimming,
Brisk Walking, Skipping Rope etc.

4. Cont..
2. Anaerobic exercise- It includes
strength and resistance training,
strengthen and increase muscle mass, as
well as improve bone density.
Examples- Push-ups, Pull-ups, Squats
etc.

5. Cont..
3. Flexibility exercises- It stretch and
lengthen muscles.
Examples- Range of motion (ROM)
exercises.

6. Other Types
• Active exercise is therapeutic activity
that the client performs independently.
• Passive exercise is therapeutic activity
that the client performs with assistance
and is provided when a client cannot move
one or more parts of the body.

7. Benefits of Physical Exercise
1. Improve cardiopulmonary function
2. Reduced blood pressure
3. Increased muscle tone and strength
4. Greater physical endurance
5. Reduced blood glucose level

8. Benefits of Physical Exercise
7. Improved physical appearance
8. Increased bone density
9. Regularity of bowel elimination
10.Promotion of sleep
11. Reduced tension and depression

9. Range Of Motion Exercises
Definition:
The movement of a joint to the
extent possible without causing pain.
Purposes:
• Promote and maintain joint mobility
• Prevent contractures and shortening of
muscles and tendons
• Increase circulation to extremities.
• Facilitate comfort for the patient

10. Contraindications To ROM
• Any illness/disorder where increased use
of energy or increased circulation is
hazardous.
Example: Myocardial infarction,
Swollen/inflamed joints etc.

11. Types Of ROM Exercises
• Active ROM exercises – Exercises the
client is able to perform independently.
• Passive ROM exercises – Exercises
performed for the client by someone else.
• Active assisted ROM exercises –
Performed by a client with some assistance.
Client can move a limb partially through its
ROM, but needs help completing the ROM.

12. Guidelines For Performing ROM
Exercises
1. Start with the head and move down,
always do bilaterally.
2. Be sure to support the distal and
proximal end of the limbs
3. Move joint through movement 5
times/session
4. Should not disrupt the healing process

13. Cont..
5. Move each joint through full range of
motion
6. Move to point of resistance having no
pain
7. Allow for rest periods whenever required
8. Note drastic change in vital signs or
extreme fatigue.

14. Patient Preparation
1. Explain the steps and advantages of ROM
exercises.
2. Remove all restrictive clothing, linen, splint,
and dressings if not restricted.
3. Drape appropriately
4. Raise the bed to comfortable height.
5. Position the patient comfortably- preferably
supine position.

15. 1. ABDUCTION - Moving a body part away from
the midline of the body
2. ADDUCTION - Moving a body part toward the
midline of the body
3. EXTENSION - Straightening a body part
4. FLEXION - Bending a body part
5. ROTATION - Turning the joint
6. INTERNAL ROTATION - Turning the joint
inward

16. Cont..
7. EXTERNAL ROTATION - Turning the joint
outward
8. DORSIFLEXION- Bending the foot upward at
the ankle
9. PLANTAR FLEXION - Bending the foot down
at the ankle
10.PRONATION - Turning the joint downward
11. SUPINATION - Turning the joint upward

17. Cont..
12. INVERSION- Turning the sole of the foot
towards the midline
13. EVERSION- Turning the sole of the foot away
from the mid line

19. Range Of Motion Of Various
Joints
JOINT MOVEMENTS
POSSIBLE
EXAMPLE
Neck Flexion
Extension
Hyperextension
Lateral flexion
Rotation
Look @ the toes
Look straight ahead
Look up @ ceiling
look straight ahead, tilt
head to shoulder
Move neck in circle

23. Joint Movements
possible
Example
Shoulder Flexion
Extension
Hyperextension
Abduction
Adduction
Internal rotation
External rotation
Circumduction
Raise arm forward & overhead
Return arm to side of body
Extend arm to back of side of the body
Raise arm to side to position above head
with palm away from head
Return arm & bring across chest
Elbow flexed, rotate the shoulder by moving
arm til thumb is turned inward & toward
the back (fingers to the floor)
Elbow flexed, move arm until thumb is
lateral to head. (Fingers point up)
Move arm in full circle

25. Range Of Motion Of Various
Joints
Joint Movements possible Example
Elbow Flexion
Extension
Bend elbow
Straighten elbow

27. Range Of Motion Of Various
Joints
Joint Movements possible Example
Forearm Supination
Pronation
Turn lower hand so palm is up
Turn lower hand so palm is down

29. Range Of Motion Of Various
Joints
Joint Movements
possible
Example
Wrist Flexion
Extension
Hyperextension
Adduction
Abduction
Bend wrist forward
Straighten wrist (fingers, wrist & arm in
same plane)
Bring dorsal surface of hand as far back as
possible
Bring wrist medially towards the thumb
Bend wrist laterally towards 5th finger

31. Range Of Motion Of Various
Joints
Joint Movements possible Example
Fingers &
Thumb
Flexion
Extension
Hyperextension
Abduction
Adduction
Bend fingers & thumb into
palm make a fist
Straighten fingers & thumb
Bend fingers as far back as
possible
Spread fingers apart / extend
thumb laterally
Bring fingers together/ thumb
back to hand

33. Range Of Motion Of Various
Joints
Joint Movements possible Example
Hip Flexion
Extension
Hyperextension
Abduction
Adduction
Move leg forward
Move leg back beside other leg
Move leg backwards
Move leg laterally away from
body
Move leg back to medial
position & beyond if possible

35. Range Of Motion Of Various
Joints
Joint Movements possible Example
Knee Flexion
Extension
Bring heel toward back of thigh
Return leg to floor

37. Range Of Motion Of Various
Joints
Joint Movements possible Example
Ankle and
Foot
Dorsiflexion
Plantar flexion
Inversion
Eversion
Circumduction
Move foot so toes are pointed
upward
Move foot so toes are pointed
downward
Turn sole of foot medially
Turn sole of foot laterally
Rotate ankle and foot

39. Range Of Motion Of Various
Joints
Joint Movements possible Example
Spine Flexion
Extension
Hyperextension
Lateral flexion
Rotation
When standing – bend forward
from the waist
Straighten up
Bend backward
Bend to the side
Twist from the waist