PUBLIC SPEAKING…PUBLIC SPEAKING…

DEFINITION.
• Public speaking is the process
and act of speaking or giving a
lecture to a group of people in a
structured, deliberate manner
intended to inform, influence, or
entertain a listening audience.

HISTORY OF PUBLIC
SPEAKING .
• As far as the history of public speaking
is concerned, the Hebrews, Greeks,
Romans, great speakers of our time and
technology all have important roles to
play.
• What roles have all these played in
public speaking history?

History of Public Speaking in
Ancient Times
• Public speaking was well-practiced among
the ancient Hebrews. Hebrew Kings would
inform their subjects. Religious leaders
and teachers would instruct large
assemblies. Plus the Hebrews had a long
line of prophets who proclaimed divine
messages in public places.

• One of the earliest of such prophets was the
prophet Moses.
• He constantly had to address the Israelites as he
led them out of slavery from Egypt.
• He had to inform, inspire and at times rebuke them.
He was indeed a great public speaker!
• the first known book about public speaking was
written about 2,400 B.C.E by an Egyptian official
named Ptahhotep.
• He was vizier (minister) to Pharaoh Djedkare Isesi
of the fifth dynasty.

Ancient Greeks and the
History of Public Speaking
• Around the fifth century B.C.E, the
Greek district of Athens was a
prominent military, political and
philosophical center
• Greek orators like Aristotle, Plato and
Socrates developed theories and
techniques that became bedrocks in
public speaking.

Rome’s Role in Public
Speaking History
• After the fall of Greece, Rome came to the
scene as a military and political world power.
The Romans never discarded the public speaking
culture left by the Greeks. They rather
adopted and modified them.
• A strong influence on the Roman style of public
speaking was Marcus Tullius Cicero.

• Born in 106 B.C.E, Cicero grew up to become a
profound orator, lawyer, philosopher and
statesman.
• According to him, the five rules of public
speaking are:
• Invention, arrangement, style, memory and
delivery.
• These are generally referred to as the
Five Canons of Rhetoric and are
still used inmodern-day oratory.

Modern Day Developments in the
History of Public Speaking.
• The history of the human race is filled with
great speakers who had tremendous impact
on the world. For example:
• On March 23, 1775, Patrick Henry gave the
famous “Liberty of Death” speech. His
famous phrase, “Give me freedom, or give
me death!” had a great
impactas he proclaimed
the cause of freedom.

• In 1863, President
Abraham Lincoln
gave the famous
“Gethyburg
Address”.
• 1908 was the year
public speaking was
first taught in
America by Dale
Carnegie.

• in 1963, Martin Luther
King called for the end
of racism in America
when he gave the
famous “I Have a
Dream” speech.
• This is one of the
most famous speeches
in American history.

The Role of Technology in
Public Speaking History
• Technological advancements in the late
20th century as well as the 21st
century have given ‘birth’ to
sophisticated media sources like the
Internet, video-conferencing and
telecommunications. These have
changed the ‘face’ of public speaking.

• the commencement of the first private
Internet service in 1980, public
speaking received a big boost. The
Internet has since been used to reach
worldwide Internet users.
• Video-conferencing, on its part, has now
made it possible for people in different
geographical locations to see and hear
each other as if they are at the same
place.

• The history of public speaking has come a
long way from the ancient times till now.

five basic elements,
• "who is saying
• what
• to whom
• using what medium
• with what effects?"

Choosing an appropriate
pattern
• Chronological Pattern.
• Causal Pattern.
• Spatial Pattern.
• Topical Pattern.
• Psychological Pattern.

 Chronological pattern.
• In this pattern ‘we arrange ideas,
keeping in mind the chronology of
events.
• E.g.. Give a speech on The history of
Indian cricket.

Causal Pattern
• The ideas are divided into two major
components – causes and their
effects.
• Normally ,this pattern is chosen ti
highlight the relationship between a
problem and the reasons for its
existence.
• Eg,Alcoholism its causes and effects.

Spatial Pattern.
• Spatial pattern is best suited to
speeches which have a geographical
or structural orientation.
• Eg.design of an automatic washing
machine., temple Jaipur: A structural
description

Topical Pattern
• Chooses to divide and arrange the
different parts of a speech into
various heading and sub-headings.
• When the speaker has to inform the
audience about the various kind or
type of something.
• Eg. Types of cancers.

Psychological Pattern.
• The speech according to needs of
his/her listeners.
• The speaker arrange ideas in a
manner most likely to create an
immediate impact on the listeners.
• The speeches structured in the
psychological pattern are quite
emotive in style and sense.
• Eg.lonliness:is by product of modern
l living.

Selecting an appropriate
method
Speaking from memory : some public
speakers rely heavily on their memory
for delivering their speeches.
Speaking from manuscript: In speaking
from the manuscript the speaker walk
the entire manuscript of the speech
written , which is read out word for
word.

Speaking Impromptu: impromptu
speeches are those that are
delivered at the spur of the moment.
• A speech thus delivered without
preparation is considered an
impromptu speech.
Speaking from notes: speaking from
notes, speaker prepares
note/points/slides/and enumerates
the main ideas with help of these
main point.

Art of persuasion:
• The speaker have to keep their
speeches well planned, properly
substantiated, adequately convincing,
and un-questionably relevant to the
needs of the audience.
Research your topic thoroughly.
Use proper data and figures to sound
convincing.
Keep an audience-oriented approach.

Employ personal examples to
establish personal rapport with the
audience.
Create a verbal imagery to leave the
desired impact on the audience.
Use language suited to the occasion.
Keep your audience entertained
during your speech.

Making speeches
interesting.
Making your beginning catchy
Use humour and wit.
Use body language appropriately.
Employ proper voice modulation .
Use examples and instances.
End emphatically.

Delivering different
types of speeches.
Welcome /introductory speech.
• Your organizations receive guest
speakers who are to be introduced to
the audience.
Vote of thanks speech.
• Vote of thanks is delivered at the end
of a particular event, programme etc…

Farewell speech
• In their professional career people
often change jobs , leaving one
organizations and joining another .
At times they are transferred or
they have to move away from an
organization after the completion of
a project ,a term or an assignment.

Why is Public Speaking
Necessary?
• giving a public speech is time- and
cost-effective.
For instance, if you give a speech to
your employees, you don't have to
print or email copies of the
information. Speaking to everyone at
once means you don't need to relay
the information one-on-one.

• Public speaking can also begin a
quick exchange of information, as it
encourages discourse.
• The fact that it saves money and
time, as well as begins a discourse,
• makes it a useful leadership tool.

PURPOSE
• public speaking can range from simply
transmitting information,
• to motivating people to act, to simply
telling a story.
• Good orators should be able to change
the emotions of their listeners, not
just inform them.

• public speaking for business and
commercial events is often done by
professionals .
• Public speaking can be a powerful tool to
use for purposes such as motivation,
influence, persuasion, informing,
translation, or simply ethos.
• such as when politicians give speeches to
convince people how to vote.

Steps to Successful
Public Speaking
• Clarify your objective.
• Analyze your audience.
• Collect and organize your
information.
• Choose your visual aids.
• Prepare your notes.
Practice your delivery.

conclusion
• Public speaking is a form of
communication used for large groups
of people. When one-on-one
communication will not be an
effective way to communicate your
information, you must use public
speaking.

Presented BY….
POULIN VARGHESE
1ST
MSW
DC