This document discusses food adulteration and additives. It defines food additives as non-nutritious substances added intentionally to food in small quantities to improve aspects like appearance, flavor, texture or storage. Food additives can be classified into two categories - those generally considered safe in small amounts, and contaminants introduced unintentionally that may pose health risks if used indiscriminately. The Prevention of Food Adulteration Act was created to ensure consumers receive pure and wholesome food.

1. FOOD ADULTERATION
PRAMOD KUMAR
NURSING TUTOR
TMCON

2. The concept of adding "non-food"
substances to food product is not new
pickling is an ancient culinary practice
aimed at preserving food articles such as
mango,lime etc. for fairy long periods by
addition of salt & spices.
FOOD ADDITIVES

3. Food ADDITIVES ARE DEFINED AS NON-
NUTRITIOUS SUBSTANCES WHICH ARE
ADDED INTENTIONALLY TO FOODS
GENERALLY IN SMALL QUANTITY,
TO IMPROVE ITS
APPEARANCE,FLAVOUR,TEXTURE OR
STORAGE PROPERTIES.
DEFINITION

5. First category-includes
1.Colouring agents:-e.g-saffron,tumeric
2.Flavouring agents:-e.g-vennila essence
3.Preservatives:-e.g-sodium benzoate
4.Acidity imparting agents:-e.g-citric acid,acetic
acid
These agents are generally considered
safe for human consumption.
FOOD ADDITIVES MAY BE CLASSIFIED
INTO 2 CATEGORIES-

6. SECOND CATEGORIES:-ADDITIVES OF SECOND
CATEGORY
ARE CONTAMINANTS,INCIDENTAL THROUGH
PACKING,PROCESSING STEPS,FARMING PRACTICES
OR OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL
CONDITIONS.UNCONTROLLED & INDISCRIMINATE
USE OF FOOD ADDITIVES MAY POSE HEALTH
HAZARDS AMONG CONSUMERS.E.G CERTAIN
PRESERVATIVES SUCH AS NITRATES & NITRITES CAN
LEAD TO PRODUCTION OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES
E.G.NITROSAMINES THAT HAVE BEEN IMPLICATED
IN CANCER ETIOLOGY.

8. The health hazards through food intake can be ranked acc. To
WHO/FDA in the following descending order:-
1.Food borne diseases due to fungal & bacteria
2.Malnutrition
3.Environmental contamination
4.Natural toxicants
5.Pesticides residues
6.Food additives
Depending upon quality & quantity of food additives they
may be hepatotoxic,anaphor toxic,neurotoxic,genotoxic,teratogenic
or even carcinogenic.
FOOD ADDITIVES & THEIR HEALTH
IMPLICATIONS

9. It is logical to think that natural colour should be
used in colouring foods.Because some children &
few asthematic subjects are allergic to some
synthetic colours.
Under the prevention of food
adulteration act rules,the govt. of india stipulated
the maximum amount of colour permitted in food
is 100ppm.synthetic colour used should be pure &
free from harmful impurities & should confirm to
ISI specification.
FOOD COLOURS

10. Fortification of food is a public health measure aimed
at reinforming the usual dietary intake of nutrients
with additional supplies to prevent /control some
nutritional disorders.
WHO has defined "FOOD
FORTIFICATION" as the process where by nutrients
are added to foods (in small quantities) to maintain or
improve the quality of diet of a group,a community or
a population.
FOOD FORTIFICATION

11. Adulteration of food is an old problem.it consist of a large
number of practices e.g-mixing,substitution,concealing the
quality,putting up decomposed foods for sale,misbranding or
giving false lables & addition of toxicants.
ADULTERATION RESULTS 2 DISADVANTAGES FOR THE
CONSUMER:-
1.He is paying more money for a foodstuffs of lower quality.
2.Some forms of adulteration are injurious to health, even
resulting in death.e.g:adulteration of mustard oil with
argemone oil causing epidemic dropsy.
FOOD ADULTERATION

14. ADULTERATION OF FOODS
FOOD MATERIAL COMMON ADULTERATION
Cereals such as wheat, rice Mud grits,soapstone bits
Haldi powder Lead chromate powder
Dhania powder Starch, cowdung or horse dung powder
Black pepper Dried seeds of papaya
Chilli powder Saw dust, brick powder
Edible oils Mineral oils, argemone oil
Butter Starch, animal fat
Milk Extraction of fat, addition of starch & water
Ghee Vanaspati

17. Food Is basic need for survival. It is therefore, imperative to
ensure that whatever we consume is pure & wholesome ,
with this objective, the prevention of food adulteration act
was enacted in 1954.The aims envisaged under this acts are:-
1.To ensure pure & wholesome food (quality) to the
consumer.
2.To protect consumers from fraudulent & deceptive trade
practices.
3.To encourage four trade practices.
PREVENTION OF FOOD ADULTERATION
ACT

18. THE ACT, WHICH CAME INTO EFFECT FROM 1ST
JUNE 1955, WAS AMENDED THRICE IN 1964,1976 &
1986 FOR MAKING THE PUNISHMENTS MORE
STRINGENT & EMPOWERING THE CONSUMER &
VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATION TO TAKE SAMPLES.
#RULES ARE FORMED WHICH ARE REVISED FROM
TIME TO TIME BY AN EXPERT BODY CALLED
“CENTRAL COMMITTEE FOR FOOD STANDARDS”
WHICH IS CONSTITUTED BY CENTRAL GOVERNMENT
UNDER THE PROVISION OF ACT.

19. 1.The central committee for food standards is
responsible for considering amendments to
various provisions of the act rules & standards.
2.The central government conducts examination
for the chemists for their appointment as public
analyst under the act.
3. It is also required to examine & approve the
lables for infant food.
MAIN FUNCTIONS OF CENTRAL
GOVERNMENT

20. 4. The central govt. Evaluate & monitor the working
of PFA act in the status by collecting periodic
reports & visits & collects analytical data from
food laboratories for standardization purpose.
5. It also arranges training programes for various
functionaries under the act & creates consumer
awareness through workshops/seminar's etc
6. The central govt. Ensures the quality of food
imported to the country under the act

21. Four central food laboratories have been
established under the act which work for the
purpose of samples lifted by food inspectors.
Penalities
a minimum imprisonment of 6 months with a
minimum fine of rs.1000 is envisaged under the
act for cases of proven adulteration,
where as for the cases of adulteration to cause
death or such harm which may amount to
grevious hurt. The punishment may go upto life
imprisonment and a fine which shall not be less
than rs.5000.

22. Food adulteration is a social evil. The general public,
traders & food inspectors are all responsible for
perpetuating this evil:-
1.The public:-because of lack of awareness of the
dangers of adulteration & their general disinterest.
2.The traders:- for their greed for money.
3.Food inspectors:-who find food adulteration a fertile
ground for making money.
Unless the public rises up against the traders
& unscrupulous food inspectors,this evil can't be
curbed.

25. • News »
• Salt in chilli powder sends shopkeeper to jail TOI 2014-05-31 09:55:00For a pinch
of salt in the chilli powder he stocked in an open container 20 years ago in a small
shop in east Delhi, the shop owner will now go to jail for three months.
• Adulterated food: Centre's lab negates reports by state agencyTOI 2014-07-01
05:57:00What perhaps puts a question mark on the quality of tests conducted by
Chhattisgarh Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Department at the state's food
testing laboratory, government of India's recognized Central Food Laboratory at
Pune has been negating most of its findings on samples sent from here for a
second opinion.
• Food authority advisory unlawful, says Bombay high court TOI 2014-07-01
05:28:00In a relief to dietary and health supplement manufacturers, the high court
on Monday, by a majority judgment quashed, as unlawful, an advisory issued last
May by the Food Safety and Standards Authority for prior product approvals of
dietary food and health supplements already licenced and existing in the market
under the erstwhile Food Adulteration Act.
• FDA launches drive to check sale of adulterated food itemsTOI 2014-07-05
18:33:00Chief inspector of food and drug administration department Hari Mohan
Srivastava said that raids were conducted in Handia and Phulpur tehsils along with
several markets located in urban areas.
• Adulterator jailed after 19 years' trial TOI 2014-08-09 10:23:00Additional chief
judicial magistrate Vijay Singh on Friday sentenced an adulterator to six months'
imprisonment and imposed a fine of Rs 1000.

26. • Use of adulterated tea rampant in Trichy stalls TOI 2014-06-18 06:04:00It
seems adulterated tea powder is still being widely used at several outlets
in Trichy and Perambalur districts as efforts to trace the source of spurious
stuff have so far failed.
• Milk adulteration racket busted in VillupuramTOI 2014-08-21
02:10:00Police suspect that the gang, comprising mostly drivers and milk
agents, indulged in adulteration and sold milk to villagers.
• ‘Your glass of milk is free of any kind of adulteration’ TOI 2014-06-27
04:25:00Milk supplied to the city has been declared as unadulterated by
the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) officials on Tuesday. The FDA
officials carried out a late night check on all milk tankers and trucks in the
city. During this, they found that most of the stock meets the required
quality.
• Three sent to prison for selling adulterated milk in Surat TOI 2014-07-26
01:34:00Judicial magistrate first class of municipal court has slapped Rs
10,000 fine to Sanket Milk Agency and Dairy farm for selling adulterated
milk.
• Dairy owner fined Rs 2 lakh for selling adulterated milkTOI 2014-06-24
12:41:00To check the sale of adulterated milk, Mansa additional deputy
commissioner (ADC) Gurpreet Singh Khaira has imposed a fine Rs 2 lakh
on a dairy owner.