Research Essay Samples

Methodology of Research Essay examples
Methodology of Research
The method that I will be using to research my area of sociology will be a
structured questionnaire, it will be structured so that the candidates stick to the
questions that they are asked and do not write about irrelevant matters. I will first of
all produce a pilot questionnaire and send it round to a test group of people, and
hopefully see whether or not I am able to obtain the relevant information that I need
for my research with the questions that I have asked my targeted group of people. If
the questionnaire provides me with my needed information, I will the produce more
and send them out to a larger sample of people and obtain my...show more content...
Also using a questionnaire is a quick way to
obtain information and can cover a wide area of matters with just a few questions,
whereas if I had used an interview as my method it would of taken a much longer
amount of time and I might of not been able to get the answers that I needed out of
my candidates. Another bonus of using a questionnaire, would be that once I have
received all of the information I will be able to put my findings into the relevant
tables, and then I will be able to compare my findings to the secondary data that I
have gathered with and will be able to do this with ease.
Because I am establishing the role of women within working class households and the
effect that their roles have had on their families way of life. I need to be able to define
what I class as a working class household; which in my view is a family with either a
mum or a dad or both that goes out to work and then comes home to look after that

home and the family. Therefore I have asked questions to determine who in the
household goes out to work and the sort of jobs that they do around the home. By
asking these questions I feel that I will be able to differentiate between upper, lower
and middle class households and therefore gather the information that I
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Reflection Paper On Marketing
At the beginning of this class, my main objective was to learn more about finance and learn about
marketing. When I first review the class's syllabus, I thought this class would be mainly about
marketing and investments, but I was glad to find out that the class was about more than just
marketing. I would definitely say that I met my objectives and even more because I learned more
than I was expecting. This class helped developed a security about a business idea that was on my
mind for years which is having my own private investigations company. Before this class, the idea
of owning a company about something that I am very passionate about was only just an idea and I
never thought I could have been developed a possible marketing plan. Thanks to this class, I was
able to work on a marketing plan for my dream company. Even though some assignments were
difficult, I felt that no one could have taken the excitement I felt every single time I sat down to
work on my own business marketing plan.
It is important to mention that my feelings about this great experience are truthful. I understand
that some people might say that most students are not truthful when given feedback about the
class or the professor because they fear retaliation, but I am very happy to say this is not the case
for me. I am a very truthful person and I say it how it is, I am not the type of student that would
write something nice to make the professor feel better or to avoid a low grade, I just

WhatВґs Market Research? Essay examples
Market research is a process which companies, industries and organisations carry out to gather,
analyse and interpret information gathered from the market. Market research can research about a
new product that is going to sell on the market or an existing product and get to know existing and
future customers spending habits and their preference. Besides, market research also involves
research on competitors business owner face. A successful market research is a market research that
can collect accurate information from the market because accurate information help business owner
to make the right decisions and thus it helps them to make more profit.
Basically market research can be identified into four main class of study. First is...show more
content...
There are five steps to carry out market research. Market research start with defining objectives
that is to identify the end result that needs to be achieved. Next is developing the sample. This is
to determine the group which can provide us answers that are related to our research for example
if we want to make a market research about education then we can find a target group of parents,
teachers and students. If we want to a do a market research about health care then our target
group might be doctors and patients. Next is to develop questions. Developing questions is a
very important part as the questions asked should not be biased in order to collect useful and
accurate information. A biased question is a question that directly or indirectly force the user to
choose the answers. For example a question ask "do you want money?". Then this is a biased
question because all of us will choose "want" therefore it has force people to the answer. The next
step is collecting data. Collecting data can be carry out by giving out surveys through phone, web,
mails, face to face interviews and others. There are many factors that can affect the choice of
choosing the way of collecting examples are research objectives, cost and timing. The last step is
analysing results. This is the most important steps as it is all about understanding and interpreting
what the data collected revealed.
Market research can be divided into two types of research. The first type of

Sample Research Proposal on Methodology
Sample Research Proposal on Methodology
Research Design
The study intends to investigate the perception of Hong Kong Shoppers regarding the service and
product satisfaction. Thus, this study will determine the complaint behavior of Hong Kong
shoppers. For this study, primary research and secondary research will be used. Moreover, the
descriptive research method will be utilized. In this method, it is possible that the study would be
cheap and quick. It could also suggest unanticipated hypotheses. Nonetheless, it would be very hard
to rule out alternative explanations and especially infer causations. Thus, this study will use the
descriptive approach. This descriptive type of research utilizes observations in the study. To illustrate
...show more content...
Measurement
First, the respondents shall fill out a self–administered questionnaire. Ideally, the respondents will
grade each statement in the survey–questionnaire using a Likert scale (Barnett, V. 1991), with a
five–response scale wherein respondents will be given five response choices.
The equivalent weights for the answers will be: Range Interpretation 4.50 – 5.00 Strongly Agree
3.50 – 4.49 Agree
2.50 – 3.49 Uncertain
1.50 – 2.49 Disagree
0.00 – 1.49 Strongly Disagree
The researcher opted to use the questionnaire as a tool since it is easy to construct having the rules
and principles of construction are easy to follow. Moreover, copies of the questionnaire could
reach a considerable number of respondents either by mail or by personal distribution. Generally,
responses to a questionnaire are objectified and standardized and these make tabulation easy. But
more importantly, the respondents' replies are of their own free will because there is no interviewer
to influence them. This is one way to avoid biases, particularly the interviewers' bias. The researcher
will

Research Experience
I have proactively engaged in research activity throughout my undergraduate program. I had my first
research experience in Dr. B Anand's lab, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Guwahati, during my
second year. The aim of the project was to study the non–fluorescent beta–barrel structured proteins
and engineer its amino acid sequence to make them into fluorescent ones. Our approach was mainly
based upon the studies of Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) from a jellyfish Aequorea victoria. Tools
like Python programming language, Gromacs, Ribosome, PROSS, and Pymol were used to study
the structural components of non–fluorescent proteins. I gained invaluable...show more content...
I was challenged with cloning ydeH gene into the pJT118 plasmids which are green light sensitive.
The ydeH gene produces a protein named diguanylate cyclase, which induces the production of
c–di–GMP in Rosetta strain. This project gave me an opportunity to participate and win silver at
International Bio–molecular design competition (BIOMOD) 2012 held at Wyss Institute, Harvard
University, USA. Most of the molecular genetic techniques were extensively used in my project.
During this internship, apart from gaining deeper technical experience, I realized that I could work
on a research problem with a certain degree of independence, figuring out right approaches and
proposing useful experiments. I acquired more confidence in my aptitude for research and it has
been boosted while working on my undergraduate projects.
As a part of my undergraduate thesis, I worked on a project 'Extraction and analysis of beauvericin,
a mycotoxin produced by Beauveria bassiana and its cytotoxic effects on the SF–21 (immortalized
pupal ovarian cells isolated from Spodoptera frugiperda) cell line' under the guidance of Dr.
Gurvinder Kaur Saini, IIT Guwahati. Beauvericin metabolite was extracted from the Beauveria
bassiana isolates UB17 and UB21, by using n–hexane extraction method and the presence of
beauvericin was analyzed and confirmed with High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and
Mass spectroscopy (MS). Cytotoxic

Ethics in Research Essay
Ethics in Research
Research is one of the most successful means of obtaining a wide variety of information concerning
limited or broad topics. However, abundant as this information may be, it is important to maintain an
ethical outlook to all research topics. As research and its subsequent experimentations advance in
light of new generations, the idea of ethics becomes a more prominent issue. Researchers must be
aware of the conflicts that their research may bring about. They must know how to address their
findings in a moral way appealing to the pro and cons. Researchers can not simply accumulate data.
Coupled with data is the process of analysis, where researchers manipulate their findings...show more
content...
According to the National Institute of Health, stem cells are unique cells created from embryos for
infertility purposes usually through the process of in vitro fertilization (Institute on Health). Stems
cells have two important characteristics that differentiate them from other types of cells. One is that
they are unspecialized cells that rejuvenate themselves through cell division. The other is that, under
certain conditions, they can be induced to become certain specialized cells (Institute on Health).
For certain people this is life saving news. Now that cells can be specialized under these
unspecialized stem cells, a patient can receive new heart cells for a diseased heart or many other life
threatening diseases (Institute on Health). This information can be used in a variety of useful ways,
but is it morally right to create embryos only to destroy them? Are these potential humans that could
help them world in some other way? This is the perspective of many people fighting against
stem–cell research. These activists claim that stem–cell research plays against the will of God.
Moreover, if stem cell research is legalized world–wide, who is to say that people will use it only to
benefit the curing of disease? Is it possible that people will become careless and more susceptible to
disease only to receive stem cells to

Traditional research methods consist of implementing quantitative and qualitative research.
Quantitative research utilizes statistical analysis by breaking down components of observation that
are compared to other elements (Bergman, M. M., 2008). Qualitative research focuses on
investigating the participant's range of behavior, usually with small groups, which results in
descriptive analysis (Bergman M. M., 2008).
Mixed method research involves using Qualitative research and Quantitative research designs. The
advantage of using both is to utilize the strength of each type in order to produce an outcome that is
most beneficial to the area of study (Bergman, M. M., 2008). The challenge with mixed method
research in integrating the results of both Qualitative and Quantitative results in order to present
unbiased scientific results that are worthy of discussion (Bergman, M. M., 2008).
Action research is a practical or real–world approach to a profession inquiry in a social setting.
Educational professionals may use this approach to evaluate an existing teaching method or review a
new method that may be considered for use in the classroom. Action research can be implemented
using mixed methods and conducted my an individual or in collaboration with other professionals.
Inclusive Physical Education embraces the needs of students with physical impairments and includes
them in the physical education curriculum (Goodwin, 2000). The research on students with physical

Importance And Purpose Of Research Essay
Importance and purpose of research
Research is important to understand, increase knowledge, and get information for social life.
Social research is conducted to extend knowledge about some aspects of society like humanities,
business or any social science [asi]. Research is used to form or develop new theories in order to
understand the process behind particular event or behavior, or review the correctness of existing
theories. In addition, research is also conducted to inform decisions or action to solve everyday
issues such as evaluating the effectiveness of policy. [abr] and [brm] of the business research
emphasis on the importance of research as getting problem–solving information. Research is the
process of studying and analyzing the aspects of the issue as to explore the solution to the business.
The summaries of the core objectives of research are testing existing knowledge, developing new
system or generating new knowledge, seeking solution for issues, and analyzing new problems or
investigating existing problems [br].
Quantitative and Qualitative Paradigm
[br] a research paradigm is a philosophical perspective that guides how scientific research should be
conducted. Philosophy is 'a set or system of beliefs [stemming from] the study of the fundamental
nature of knowledge, reality, and existence' (Waite and Hawker, 2009, p.685).
[w1] The most influential or the dominant ones of philosophical framework are positivism and
interpretivism. During the twentieth

Sampling Methods Essay
Sampling is the framework on which any form of research is carried out. A suitable sample that
meets the inclusion and exclusion criteria of a research design must be chosen from a given
population to carry out studies. In this essay comparison is made between stratified random
sampling and convenience sampling. The population on which the researcher is interested in
carrying out his or her research may be too large, therefore a suitable sample which can represent the
population in correct proportion must be chosen. Restraints such as limitation of time, resources and
many other factors necessitate the selection of a sample for research purpose so that better quality
data is obtained from it and that the researcher can make statement about...show more content...
The methodological strength and weaknesses of this two sampling methods is discussed in terms of
identifying the samples for research, the representativeness it possesses to the general population, the
methods and the outcome. Stratified random sampling is a probability sampling where the selection
of sampling unit is left to a random process, all units in the sample has an equal and non–zero
chance of being selected on a probability ground or chance and not on the choice or judgement of
the researcher (Sim,J and Wright,C. 2000,). Convenience sampling is an example of non probability
sampling where the selection of the units is not by chance, rather it is dependent on the researcher's
judgement, the researcher decides the samples to be included in the study which may be subject to
availability, time, individual preferences etc. The probability of selection of a particular sampling
unit may or may not be known. Stratified random sampling is commonly done in quantitative
researches. When the samples reflect the characteristics of the target population in the same
proportion; assumptions can be made on generalizing the data acquired from these samples provided
it has been done correctly, since it is statistically representative (Sim,J and wright,C.,2000) but
sampling error

Capstone Research Essay Sample
Naman Patel Capstone Research Essay One hot, summer day, while walking through downtown
Chicago, a man holding a sign caught my attention. Generally, in downtown Chicago, when you see
a man holding a sign, you expect it to request money or food. Instead, this sign read, "Help the
world go green. It's time we became eco–friendly". The middle–aged man sported a Bears t–shirt
and shorts with a orange–rimmed visor. He looked the part of a normal Chicagoan. Why is this
man spending his day advocating for such a cause? I reflected on everything I had seen earlier that
day. Walking down Wabash Avenue, I could see empty disposable cups from fast food restaurants
gathering on the street curb. Each garbage can that I passed seemed to be more full than...show more
content...
I took notice of the cups that were thrown out. They were made of paper, much more disposable
than the styrofoam previously used. In 2011, a non–profit foundation named As You Sow
approached Mcdonald's looking to help them reduce waste("As You Sow"). McDonald's began to
work with them and by 2013, they had replaced the styrofoam cups with paper cups in all 14,000
U.S. restaurants. This was a change made after the large corporation received a simple request made
by a small non–profit foundation. This shows that these big corporations are willing to work with
small non–profit organizations in order to improve the overall environmental friendly aesthetic of
their companies. Another example of a sizable company changing their ways due to a suggestion
from a relatively small group of individuals can be seen in the changes Walmart made regarding their
laundry detergent.. Walmart, in order to enhance their shipping and handling, approached a group of
engineers to see what they would propose. This group suggested cutting down container size and
filling it with a concentrated detergent (Nicholson). With this elementary, yet useful tip, Walmart
began to ship more detergent, and less air and water. Furthermore, they reduced the amount plastic
used for detergent containers. This demonstrates how eco–friendly changes can be beneficial to both
the planet and businesses. I couldn't stop thinking about the sign. I was thirsty from the heat of the
summer day and I decided to order a root beer. Although I hadn't eaten since the morning, I didn't
have much of an appetite. The man had a point, and I was astounded that I hadn't realized this
earlier. I wasn't sure who he was, but I began to understand the reasoning behind his cause. He
sparked my curiosity, and after a couple refreshing sips, I went to go talk to

Essay about Sampling
Sampling
Carrying out a survey of every single potential consumer (known as population) of a firm's product
would be impractical, time–consuming and costly. Businesses still, however, need to collect
enough primary data to have a clear idea of the views of consumers. This can be done by taking a
sample of the population. This sample group should be made up of consumers that are
representative of all potential buyers of the product. There are a number of ways in which a sample
can be chosen.
Random Sampling
This method gives each member of a group an equal chance of being chosen. In other words, the
sample is selected at random, rather like picking numbers out of a hat. Today computers can...show
more content...
So, if the business was interested in how 'class' affected consumers' demand for a food product, it
might divide the population up into different class groups, such as working class males, middle
class females etc. A random sample could then be chosen from each of these groups by making
sure that they were the same proportions of the sample in each category as in population as a
whole. So if the population had 10 per cent upper class males, so would the sample.
Quota Sampling
This sampling method involves the population being segmented into a number of groups which
share specific characteristics. These may be based on the age and the sex of the population.
Interviewers are then given targets for the number of people out of each segment who they must
interview. For example, and interviewer may be asked to interview 10 males between the ages of
18 and 25, or 15 females between the ages of 45 and 60. Once the target is reached, no more people
from that group are interviewed. The advantage of this sampling method is that it can be cheaper to
operate than many of the others. It is also useful where the proportions of the different groups within
the population are known. However, results from quota sampling are not statistically representative
of the population and are not randomly chosen. They must therefore be treated with caution.
Cluster Sampling
This involves

Example Of Search Strategy
Search strategy Three data bases were used to collect the data, namely, One Search, CINAHL and
ProQuest. These data bases were searched for the terms such as 'cardiac rehabilitation', 'quality of
life,' 'benefits', and 'CHD'. Inclusion criteria were qualitative articles, written in English and
published between the years of 2010 and 2017. Quantitative articles and articles written in
non–English languages are excluded from this study. Moreover, this study focused only on adults,
therefore the paediatric studies are also excluded from this study. After applying the inclusion and
exclusion strategy, 12 articles reported qualitative study regarding the topic and they are used in this
essay. Data analysis Braun and Clarke (2006) developed a...show more content...
1.1a ExercisePhysical inactivity is one of the modifiable risk factor for the coronary heart diseases
(Devries et al, 2011), and therefore exercise is used as an integral component of the primary and
secondary prevention in reducing mortality and improving the quality of life. Upon reviewing the
literature, the author found that, patients' perspective about physical exercise differs widely. In their
study Holder et al (2015) found that, the increased awareness of the mortality after the cardiac event,
help the patients to change their outlook towards life and this further help them to realise the health
benefit of exercise. In addition to that, some of the patients claimed that, exercise helped to divert
their mind and thus helps them to cope with the condition (Holder et al, 2015). Moreover, the
current cardiac rehabilitation programme, made the patients aware of the health benefits of exercise
and, therefore they were motivated to continue the exercise (Hillsdon et al, 2013; Morken et al,
2013). Exercising in a safe environment, under the supervision of the trained staff increases the
confidence of patients in participating exercise (Morken et al, 2013). The study also found that, the
patient increases their self–confidence level in performing exercise, after seeing the health
improvements in the former cardiac patients (Morken et al, 2013). Furthermore, Back et al (2017)
carried a further study to evaluate

What I Have Learned About Research
What I have learned about research is that it is a process, a scientific process that psychologist
and scientist develop that includes many different approaches and that is carefully peer reviewed
and evaluated. There is what is called the Scientific Approach where scientist have an idea or
theory and based on their observation will either support the theory or the theory can be falsified
by their peers. Data also goes through a review period before it is published in a scientific journal
by scientist who have the knowledge and expertise to evaluate it.
I also learned the difference between basic and applied research where basic research focuses mostly
on things such as emotion, cognition, social behavior, personality development, learning, and
neuropsychology. Basic research will be more helpful for answering fundamental questions about the
nature of behavior. Applied research however, addresses more of a specific problem with a possible
solution. Program evaluation covers a large area of applied research. Program evaluation assesses the
social reforms and innovations that occur in government, education, the criminal justice system,
industry, health care, and mental health institutions. When discussing behavioral research it is
imperative to note the precedents that it has in many fields and the significance of the applications
to public policy.
A variable is referred to as any event, situation, behavior, or individual characteristic that changes or
varies. Any variable

Sample Foundations Of Educational Research Essay
Joy Carriger
UNF EDF 6480 Foundations of Educational Research
Summer 2015 Dr. E.A. Scheirer
Vocabulary Assignment #1
1.Aggregate – to form a whole from several parts, to collect, gather or group. "...collects IP
addresses for system administration, to report aggregate information to our advertisers, sponsors, and
partners, and to audit the use of our site."( Pearson Education, Inc., 2000–2014). Aggregated data is
often used to analyze research findings and look for patterns.
2.Anonymized – describing data that has been altered to become unidentifiable to protect
confidentiality. "Important in this mix is that student information, even information in the form of
"anonymized" meta–data (or massive amounts of data reported without linking specific information
and individuals), is valuable to marketers interested in selling products and services to students and
their families." (Molnar & Boninger, 2015). Anonymized data is an important ethical consideration
when reporting on human subjects to protect their privacy and to keep the results generalized.
3.Canon – an agreed upon body of principles, rules, standards, or norms developed by an authority
group to judge or measure something. "Moreover, the research offered by many private think tanks
commonly violates the standard canons of social science inquiry." (Welner & Molnar, 2007). The
field of social sciences relies on its canons of scientific inquiry to adhere to the standards of
reporting research findings.
4.

Career Research Essay
"I feel sorry for the person who can't get genuinely excited about his work. Not only will he never
be satisfied, but he will never achieve anything worthwhile" (Walter Chrysler). Deciding on what
one wants to be in life can prove to be a demanding task. There are so many, yet limited, different
opportunities in the world to have an excellent career and make a decent living while doing
something one loves. It is limited because there are only a few specific career paths that someone
could take to make good money. It is very difficult to make a fulfilling living being a garbage man.
There are many different opportunities because, within these specific careers, there are usually
various paths to take. Someone who has dreams to be a...show more content...
I am also interested in both design and math and as I was researching a job that incorporated these
two skills I came across civil engineering. Right now I have to decide which job path would be the
best one to take, counseling or civil engineering. Through the research shown below, I received an
overwhelming amount of information on every little detail of these jobs. Psychology "Few
fields of study offer more career opportunities than does psychology" (Sternburg 3). There are a
wide selection of specialties a person could go into with a bachelor's degree in psychology. In
graduate school, which is a must to attend, there is the option to explore the different specialities
or to go into the desired specialty without any research of the others. There are also many options
within a specific specialty. There is the option to be a teacher, to work for various organizations,
be a speaker, to have your own practice, and many others. In the psychology field these options
can all be combined. In fact it is expected of psychologists to do more activities involving their
specialty than solely sit in an office and listen to patients. There are two specialities that I am
interested in however, over the years, these specialties have become very similar. Clinical and
counseling psychology have evolved to become one in the same. Someone who specializes in
clinical psychology are more

Conduction Research Paper
Have you ever bought a cup of coffee and wondered what your cup is made out of? If you haven't,
well you should! Countless of cups are made out of non eco friendly materials which can end up
damaging the environment. In an article called "Get The Facts" by Ashley Campbell, it states "
Americans throw away 25 billion styrofoam coffee cups every year." this is a huge concern because
majority of styrofoam cups aren't recyclable and will end up on landfills for over 500 years.
This is why my partner and i have decided to build our OWN cup made out of eco friendly
materials. Now you might be asking, why did you BUILD your own cup? Well fellow citizen, i
COULD waste 7 dollars on a decorated cup, but i'd rather MAKE my own cup knowing what it's
made out of. One key element that was needed for our cup was a good insulator. An insulator is a
material of such low conductivity that...show more content...
In an article called "Heat Transfer by conduction" by Mike Brown, it states "Thermal energy in the
vibrating particles or molecules is passed on to nearby particles in a process called conduction".
This explains to us the process of conduction in which it relates to our design because when we insert
the thermometer into the warm water, our goal is to keep the water warm with our cup so that once
the thermometer makes DIRECT contact with the warm water, it will heat up the thermometer and
give us an exact temperature.
Another important element that was needed for our cup was thermal conductivity. In an article
called "What is thermal conductivity?" by a group called NETZSCH, it states "Thermal
conductivity describes the transport of energy in the form of heat through a body of mass as the
result of a temperature gradient". In other words, thermal conductivity is the flow of heat from its
warmer surface through the material to its colder surface. This relates to our design because the heat
inside the cup is transferring to the

Systematic Review Essay examples
Systematic Review
NUR/518
University of Phoenix
Systematic Review The purpose of a systematic review is to attempt to find, evaluate and synthesize
high quality research relevant to the research question. A systematic review uses carefully
developed data collection and sampling procedures that are put in place in advance as a protocol.
(Polit, 2012). A systematic review must contain the following: a clear inclusion and exclusion
criteria, an explicit search strategy, systematic coding and analysis of included studies, and a
meta–analysis if possible. (Hemingway & Brereton, 2009). Systematic reviews are conducted by
nurse researchers to avoid reaching incorrect or misleading conclusions that...show more content...
(Bae, 2011).
Seven studies used the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index to measure nurse
working conditions, one used the Work Environment Survey, and the remaining three used a variety
of instruments from prior studies.
In examining the association between working conditions and patient outcomes, the eleven studies
contained a total of fourteen different patient outcome variables. The association between autonomy
and patient outcomes were examined in two studies. Six studies measure the philosophy
emphasizing the quality of clinical care and the association with patient outcomes.
Nurse participation was examined in regards to the relationship between nurse participator and the
patient outcomes, as well as the association between supportive managers and patient outcomes.
Other areas that were examined were collaborative relationships with physicians, supportive
relationships with peers, staffing and decentralization, patient–centered climate and busyness.
The findings of this systematic review suggest that evidence supporting a positive relationship
between better nurse working conditions and improved patient outcomes is

Examples Of Thematic Analysis
In this research, thematic analysis s used to analyze the interpretive ethnographic data, which,
according to Braun and Clarke (2006,p,79) is:'a method for identifying, analyzing and reporting
patterns within data.' Thus, thematic analysis uncovers themes in a text and constructs a web–like
network to facilitate the structuring and interpretation of there themes. Braun and Clarke (ibid.)
explained, the thematic data analysis process consists of six phases: (i) become familiar with the
data; (ii) generating initial codes; (iii) searching for themes; (iv) reviewing themes; (v) defining and
naming themes; and (vi) producing the report. The reason for using thematic analysis first,is based
upon Braun and Clarke (2006) it is a useful research tool,...show more content...
According to M Finn, Elliott–White, M Walton (2000, 67–90). 'The word 'ethnography' means a
description of people or their culture'Ethnography is the study of social interactions, behaviors, and
perceptions that occur within groups, teams, organizations, and communities. Taft (1988, p. 59 )
explains, ethnographic research consists essentially of a description of events that occur within the
life of a group, with special regard to social structures and the behavior of the individuals with respect
to their group membership, and an interpretation of the meaning of these for the culture of the group.
Ethnography is associated with the different ways of observing perceiving and understanding the
process in worldly manner.Selecting and applying rules for the 'world view'in order to defining and
giving meaning to situations in which they find themselves for justifying their actions.This
ethnography is used both to record primary data and to interpret its meaning. (1988:59) Goetz and Le
Compte, supported (1984:3), Hence, ethnographic research is about human groups. Ethnographic
research study the description and interpretation based on social structure and individual

Research Methods Essay
Quantitative and Qualitative are said to be systematic in different design. Both design have to follow
a process system that involved defining a principle of research.
General speaking, quantitative research is thought to be objective, however qualitative research
often involves a subjective element. There are differences designs in qualitative research in
comparison to quantitative research. Qualitative research involves words, pictures, or objects;
Quantitative involves data in the form of numbers and statistics.
However, the researcher uses in–depth interviews in qualitative research to find out how the subjects
view their world. In quantitative research the researcher uses precise measurement to predict
hypotheses. Whereas,...show more content...
Qualitative research is conducted in a natural setting and attempts to understand a human problem
by developing a holistic narrative and reporting detailed views of informants about the culture of a
problem. It forms a report with pictures and words. One of the most important distinctions that sets
qualitative research apart from more traditional types of research is that qualitative research is
holistic in that researchers study phenomena in their entirety rather than narrowing the focus to
specific defined variables" (p. 93). Similarly, Cresswell (1984) indicated that qualitative research
"is defined as an inquiry process of understanding a social or human problem, based on building a
holistic picture, formed with words, reporting detailed views of informants, and conducted in a
natural setting" (p. 2). Cresswell's definition clearly delineates the major characteristics of qualitative
research. Pg. 50 (Smith & Davis, 2010). Pg. 51 (Smith & Davis, 2010). "How do researchers
evaluate trustworthiness?" Guba and Lincoln (1994) proposed that trustworthiness could be judged
by the following criteria: conformability, dependability, credibility, and transferability.
For Example, Qualitative researchers use conformability, dependability, credibility, and
transferability to evaluate the trustworthiness of a qualitative research report. In order to prevent
researcher bias they can have other researchers point out

Research Essay Samples

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