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MOOCs: Why Low-Cost Will Not
Create Equal Access
Nathan Garrett
Yesica Allaya

eLearn 2013, Las Vegas, NV
Wednesday, October 23rd, 1:30-2:00pm
http://profgarrett.com
Moocs are…
• “the biggest revolution in education since the
printing press…”
Quality

Access: What type
of students are
recruited?

Pedagogy:
What teaching
techniques are
used?

Retention: How
many students
complete
successfully?

Cost: What does the overall educational experience cost?
Iron Triangle
Cost

Access

Quality
Pedagogy
Retention
Traditional Higher Ed
•
•
•
•
•

5,599 colleges & universities
21m students
70% public
>50% over 23
40% part-time
How many students graduate?
We have unequal success between ethnic groups

White, Non- Hispanic

Black

Hispanic

Asian/Pacific Islander

75%

67%
65%
60%
57%

46%

45%
39%

36%

28%

26%

16%

Private Not-For-Profit Four-Year

Public Four-Year

Private For-Profit Four-Year
What students pay in tuition hasn’t significantly changed
92-93 97-98 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12

$16,000

$14,000
$12,000
$10,000
$8,000
$6,000
$4,000
$2,000
$0
-$2,000
-$4,000

Public 2-year

Public 4-year

Private 4-year
What does it cost?
But, we educate more of the population

U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey and decennial census: Percentage of the
Population 25 Years and Over Who Have Completed High School or College: Selected Year 19402009
Iron Triangle for
Traditional Higher Education
Cost

Access

Quality
Pedagogy
Retention
Online Learning
• 32% of college
students have
taken at least
one course
• 9% yearly
growth rate
Access
• Requires
– Prepared & motivated students
• Minorities have lower levels of computer preparation &
skills
• Non-traditional also do worse

– Heavy feedback

• Perceived as harder
– by all students
Cost
Outcomes
• Perceptions v. reality
– Perceptions? Employers rank lower
– Reality? Outcomes similar
Iron Triangle for
Online Learning
Cost

Access

Quality
Pedagogy
Retention
Mooc
• xMooc v. cMooc
– Dave Cormier, Bryan Alexander, George
Siemens, and Stephen Downes
Retention
• Range: 25%, 12%, 5%...
• Are these really serious completers?

• Coursera:
–
–
–
–

Overall: 7-9%
Intend to complete: 23%
Complete first assignment: 40%
Signature Track: 70%
http://mfeldstein.com/validation-mooc-student-patterns-graphic/
Cost per Completion
• Free v. “Free”
• Cost
– Edinburgh, $46k
– U Penn: $50k
Access
• Who finishes a Mooc?
– 70% has BA/BS, half graduate degree
– Majority outside US
– 60% of Coursera income <50k

• San Jose
– Developmental classes in Pilot
• 29-51%, 20% lower than traditional
Iron Triangle for
Moocs
Cost

Access

Quality
Pedagogy
Retention
Cost

Face-toface

Access

Online

Mooc

Quality

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Why the lower cost of Moocs will not lead to improved access

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. But the blackboard, educational videos &amp; TV, and computer-based tutorials have all been called the “most important development since Gutenberg’s printing press” (J. Daniel, 2012).