1. DNA Replication
By: Hannah Duminske

2. DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid.
This is a molecule that contains genetic
instructions used for development and
functioning in organisms.

3. 5
3
A
T
C
G
A
T
C
A
C
A
C
3
A
Nitrogenous Base
Sugar Phosphate
Backbone
G
T
= Guanine
C
= Cytosine
T
G
A
T
= Thymine
= Adenine
= Phosphate
= Sugar
G
T
G
5

4. A
T
C
G
A
T
C
A
C
A
C
A
G
= Helicase
T
G
T
G
T
Helicase; Helicase is what unwides the double
Stranded dna at the place where DNA
replication is taking place. It does this by
breaking the hydrogen bonds that hold
together the complementary bonds.

5. A
T
C
G
A
T
C
A
C
A
C
A
G
= Helicase “unzipping” the strands
T
G
T
G
T
Primase; it’s an enzyme involved in DNA
replication. It creates RNA primer. Is also
Used for DNA stabilization.

6. A
T
C
G
A
T
C
A
C
A
C
A
G
T
G
T
G
T
After the helicase unzips the DNA
Strands it will begin replication.

7. A
T
C
G
A
T
C
G
A
T
C
G
A
T
C
A
G
T
T
= DNA Polymerase: this
will add the nucleotides
continuously onto the first
strand.

8. A
T
C
G
A
T
C
G
A
T
C
G
A
C
A
T
T
G
G
T

9. A
T
C
G
A
T
C
G
A
T
C
G
A
T
C
A
G
T
G
T
G
T
This is the leading strand:
It replicates continously

10. A
T
C
G
A
T
C
G
A
T
C
G
T
A
A
T
G
C
A
T
G
C
A
G
T

11. A
T
C
G
A
T
C
G
A
C
This is the lagging strand, it
replicates discontinuously in
fragments. These are called Okazaki
fragments.
T
T
G
G
A
C
A
T
G
T
A
C
A
T
G
T
Okazaki Fragment

12. A
T
C
G
A
T
C
C
G
A
T
T
A
G
C
A
C
A
T
G
T
G
C
A
C
A
G
T
G
T

13. A
T
C
G
A
C
A
C
T
T
G
C
G
T
A
T
G
C
G
T
A
A
T
G
C
C
G
T
A
A
G
T

14. A
C
A
C
A
C
T
T
G
G
T
G
T
T
C
G
A
T
C
G
G
A
C
A
T
T
C
G
G
A
A
T

15. A
T
T
C
G
G
A
T
T
C
A
C
A
C
A
G
C
G
T
A
T
G
T
G
T
C
A
C
A
G
T
G
T

16. 5
A
T
C
A
C
A
C
A
C
3
A
3
5
A
T
G
C
G
T
A
3
T
G
C
T
A
G
C
T
A
G
C
T
5
3
A
G
T
G
T
G
T
5

17. RECAP
DNA replication happens in the S phase which is before
prophase. First you start off with one double stranded DNA
molecule. This is deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA for short. DNA is
made up of a sugar phosphate backbone and complementary
base pairs. A goes with T and C goes with G which are held
together by hydrogen bonds.
Then helicase comes into the picture. Helicase is an
enzyme which “unzips” the two strands, splitting them. Then
they begin replicating. The leading strand will start. The
leading strand is the strand that continuously elongates up.
While the lagging strand replicates in a discontinuous fashion
by forming in okazaki fragments. After this, the replication is
finished.

18. Purpose
The purpose of DNA replication is to make sure
that the genetic material which is found in the coding on
the DNA can be passed from original cell to the next.
This will also lead to the transferring of traits.

19. Mutation
What is a mutation? In genetics a mutation is a
change in the nucleotide sequence. Examples of things
mutations can cause would be Huntington’s
disease, cancers, cystic fibrosis, and sickle cell anemia. A
mutation can be spontaneous or caused by things such
as radiation and certain chemicals.