This document contains a collection of links and questions on various topics related to culture and communication. It discusses taking a cultural relativism perspective, provides links to videos on introversion and empathy, poses questions about experiences with ethnocentrism and privilege, and contains links and quotes around stereotypes, the experiences of low-income workers, and developing cultural awareness and adaptability.
6. What Is Culture?
Culture can be loosely defined as a set of
beliefs, traditions, and practices.
6
7. CCuullttuurraall RReellaattiivviissmm
•This the idea that we should recognize differences
across cultures without passing judgment on or
assigning value to those differences.
8.
9.
10. See page 117 of your textbook~ How do you score?
Assessing You Skills – Page 118
11. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9aVUoy9r0CM
An Experiment in Ethnocentrism
What was this experience like for you?
What does this experience have to say about privilege and/or marginalization?
Did this experience have any personal significance for you? Can you think of time
when you have had a similar experience?
14. A
President Bush perceived the incident as an attempt at attention-grabbing
and a way of free speech in a democracy, minimizing the significance of
the issue.
The Arab world, on the other hand, has reacted in a huge and passionate
way to the incident, elevating the shoe-thrower to the status of a national
hero with this photo raised up everywhere. The incident was generally
viewed as a heroic act of defiance and resistance to the American
occupation.
17. WWhheerree DDoo SStteerreeoottyyppeess CCoommee FFrroomm??
•Intentionally or unintentionally, subtly or overtly, the media can
create or reinforce ethnic, racial, gender, religious, and other
stereotypes.
•Ethnocentrism: the belief that our culture is superior to others
and the tendency to view all other cultures from the perspective
of our own.
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20. “The big question, 10 years later, is
whether things have improved or
worsened for those in the bottom third
of the income distribution, the people
who clean hotel rooms, work in
warehouses, wash dishes in
restaurants, care for the very young
and very old, and keep the shelves
stocked in our stores. The short answer
is that things have gotten much worse,
especially since the economic
downturn that began in 2008.”
~Barbara Ehrenreich
20
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=gDgFiW2xtf0
21.
22. Tolerate uncertainty – we all tend to pre-judge
people who appear markedly different from us .
Allow yourself time to gain understanding of other
cultures and differences
Develop mindfulness – that is become aware
of your thoughts and ideas as if you were looking
at yourself from the outside.
23.
24. “Instead of being presented with
stereotypes by age, sex, color, class, or
religion, children must have the
opportunity to learn that within each
range, some people are loathsome and
some are delightful.” ~ Margaret Meade
“I encourage students to pursue an idea
far enough so they can see what the
clichés and stereotypes are. Only then do
they begin to hit pay dirt. ” ~ Robert
Morgan
26. 1. Adapt the topic and level of intimacy
2. Adapt how you explain or describe something
3. Adapt by withholding or avoid information
4. Adapting your use of examples, comparisons and analogies
5. Adapt through choice of language
Notes de l'éditeur
A Japanese company (Toyota) and an American company (Ford) decided to have a canoe race on the Missouri River. Both teams practiced long and hard to reach their peak performance before the race.
On the big day, the Japanese won by a mile.
The Americans, very discouraged and depressed, decided to investigate the reason for the crushing defeat. A management team made up of senior management was formed to investigate and recommend appropriate action.
Their conclusion was the Japanese had 8 people rowing and 1 person steering, while the American team had 8 people steering and 1 person rowing.
Feeling a deeper study was in order, American management hired a consulting company and paid them a large amount of money for a second opinion. They advised, of course, that too many people were steering the boat, while not enough people were rowing.
Not sure of how to utilize that information, but wanting to prevent another loss to the Japanese, the rowing team's management structure was totally reorganized to 4 steering supervisors, 3 area steering superintendents, and 1 assistant superintendent steering manager.
They also implemented a new performance system that would give the 1 person rowing the boat a greater incentive to work harder. It was called the 'Rowing Team Quality First Program,' with meetings, dinners, and free pens for the rower. There was discussion of getting new paddles, canoes, and other equipment, extra vacation days for practices and bonuses.
The next year the Japanese won by two miles.
Humiliated, the American management laid off the rower for poor performance, halted development of a new canoe, sold the paddles, and canceled all capital investments for new equipment. The money saved was distributed to the Senior Executives as bonuses and the next year's racing team was out-sourced to India
Culture includes things like: the way we speak, the food we eat, the way we dress. Also, it is important to note that culture is not biological. Rather, it is passed down from one generation to the next through communication – we learn culture from our families and other institutions in society.
As previously mentioned, we take great caution not to judge other cultures as being inferior or superior. This is one of the biggest benefits of utilizing our sociological imagination – we have the ability to step back from our own lives and examine situations without bias.
A Japanese company (Toyota) and an American company (Ford) decided to have a canoe race on the Missouri River. Both teams practiced long and hard to reach their peak performance before the race.
On the big day, the Japanese won by a mile.
The Americans, very discouraged and depressed, decided to investigate the reason for the crushing defeat. A management team made up of senior management was formed to investigate and recommend appropriate action.
Their conclusion was the Japanese had 8 people rowing and 1 person steering, while the American team had 8 people steering and 1 person rowing.
Feeling a deeper study was in order, American management hired a consulting company and paid them a large amount of money for a second opinion. They advised, of course, that too many people were steering the boat, while not enough people were rowing.
Not sure of how to utilize that information, but wanting to prevent another loss to the Japanese, the rowing team's management structure was totally reorganized to 4 steering supervisors, 3 area steering superintendents, and 1 assistant superintendent steering manager.
They also implemented a new performance system that would give the 1 person rowing the boat a greater incentive to work harder. It was called the 'Rowing Team Quality First Program,' with meetings, dinners, and free pens for the rower. There was discussion of getting new paddles, canoes, and other equipment, extra vacation days for practices and bonuses.
The next year the Japanese won by two miles.
Humiliated, the American management laid off the rower for poor performance, halted development of a new canoe, sold the paddles, and canceled all capital investments for new equipment. The money saved was distributed to the Senior Executives as bonuses and the next year's racing team was out-sourced to India
Gay people tend to first come out to those they trust and to those who they need in their lives. You say you are "best friends", now it is time for you to attach some real meaning to that title. Let go of your irrational fears by discussing them with him openly. Tell him that you want to help him but that you too will need help. Make sure he knows how you feel but also make sure he knows that your feelings will not stop you from being a friend to him. Stand by your friend, back off when he wants you to, let him tell you what he needs from your friendship and then give it to him to the best of your ability.
Sometimes, in the process, the media distract people’s attention from foundational issues or tensions that need to be addressed. The media is sometimes blamed for creating a “false consciousness,” or allowing people to become distracted and disenfranchised, believing that social issues aren’t that important or that there is nothing they can do to help anyway.
At times of recession, the entire economy may be affected. Individuals may become unemployed, forcing them to cut back on expenses. As a result, businesses may close because no customers come and spend money. As a result, more people lose jobs because the businesses they work for are closing. So, as you can see, recessions often have wide-ranging and severe impacts on a society.