Questions of journalism and mass communication tribhuvan university nepal

Tribhuvan University | Question Bank | MA First Year Mass communication and Journalism
© Media Kurakani (www.mediakurakani.com)
JMC 531 (Mass Communication Theories) Year: 2060

Year: 2059 Group "A" (Long Answer Questions) 3×20=60

Group "A" (Long Answer Questions) 3×20=60 1. The models of communication have developed through four
stages. What are they? Describe and discuss their relevance

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1. Describe the range of mass communication theories in their to the respective times of their development.

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social, intellectual and history setting. 2. Discuss some of the basic theories related to the
2. What do you understand by the Asian Perspectives of the phenomenon of inter personal communication.

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Communication Theory? Discuss. 3. Show an acquaintance with some of the Asian oriented
3. There can be a number of different, often competing, media communication theories. Does the search for Asian

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structures within the one and the same national media perspective on communication theories imply outright

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system. This diversity of media structures can be analyzed rejection of western-oriented theories?

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and understood on basis of some principles. What are they? 4. Which are the seven types of theories to explain the relations

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Describe. between media and society? Describe fully.

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4. Describe the distinctive feature of media organizations in

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contradiction to other formal organizations. Group "B" (Short Answer Questions) 4×10=40

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5. Distinguish the Chicago School from the Frankfurt School in
Group "B" (Short Answer Questions) 4×10=40

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terms of the media sociology.
6. The performance of the press can be evaluated on the basis

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5. Distinguish a dominant paradigm from an alternative
of normative theories. Explain.

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paradigm.
7. What do you understand by audience activity?
6. Discuss the four models of public communication. Clarify
8. "Content is influenced by media organizational routines."

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the definitions of mass communication.
Explain.
7. What are the implications of globalization of culture for a
9. Show in a diagrammatic form a typology of media effects in
country like Nepal?
terms of time span and intentionality.
8. Describe briefly the distinctive features of media economics.
10. What role has been conceived of for communication in
9. What is the 'Spiral of Silence'?
development theories? Describe briefly.
10. Engwall has made significant contribution to the
understanding of mass communicator's role in society.
Explain succinctly.


Year: 2061 3. The recent social and technological changes have
undermined the traditional view of mass communication,
Group "A" (Long Answer Questions) 3×20=60 and so, communication scholars have suggested to consider
1. Explain the significance of symbols in the process of alternative views of the process which would be more
structuring human reality. representative of new communication process or CMC.
There is a set of four such models, which sketch the process

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2. Give an overview of the development of mass
of telematic communication. Describe them briefly.

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communication theories in the twentieth century.
3. What are the issues relevant to the media cultural theory? 4. "Mass communication plays a part in the complex process of

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socialization especially in societies where the mass meda are

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Discuss giving pertinent examples.
4. Describe referring to the relevant models the type of rules, ubiquitous" (Charles Wright). Why? Discuss.

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regulations and scrutiny that the media institutions carry

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along with them according to their different characteristics. Group "B" (Short Answer Questions) 4×10=40

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Group "B" (Short Answer Questions) 4×10=40 5. What is the main thesis of Democratic-Participant Media

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theory?
6. What do you understand by public interest in mass media?

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5. What is telematic media?
7. Audiences are formed by the sources at macro and micro

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6. Why Shannon's mathematical theory of communication is
levels. How?

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called the precursor of the Information theory?
7. Write briefly about the four types of audience of media. 8. 'Media campaign effect' is identified as a planned short-term
effect, but 'events outcomes effects' is an unplanned long-

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8. What are the approaches to the study of sociology of mass
term effect. Why?

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communication?
9. How do you distinguish long-term planned effect of media 9. Distinguish the dominant paradigm from the alternative
paradigm for mass communication theory.

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from their unplanned effect?
10. What is the theory of news diffusion? 10. Does media content reflect social reality or his influenced
itself by media-organizational routines? Discuss briefly.
Year: 2062

Group "A" (Long Answer Questions) 3×20=60

1. What are the basic approaches to the study of media
theories? Describe in terms of the types of perspectives.
2. Is there any need for Asian approaches to communication?
Discuss.

Year: 2063 Year: 2064

Group "A" (Long Answer Questions) 3×20=60 Group "A" (Long Answer Questions) 3×20=60

1. What are the main features of mass institutions as described 1. What are the issues of culture, which stimulated rethinking
by Danis McQuail ? Delineate them succinctly. about mass communication in relation in relation to society?

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2. The Critical political-Economic Theory of Media is inspired Describe with reference to the relevant School of Thought.

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by Marxism, but its approach has a much wider base in the 2. What are the three variant approaches to the sociological
critical analysis of media structure and economics. Explain. study of audience? Describe briefly.

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3. Media research scholars' interest in studying the audience's 3. Devis McQuail has suggested that a framework for
uses of th media has been revived after 1970s. Why? Give assessment of media performance and structure can be

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reasons on the basis of audience theory and research organized under six main headings. Enumerate them with

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methodology. brief explanations of principles underlying each of them.

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4. Map out the main kinds of media effects process in terms of 4. Discuss the theories of 'Individual Reaction' and 'Collective

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the co-ordinates of TIME and INTENTIONALITY. Reaction' in the context of main therapy of media effects.

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Group "B" (Short Answer Questions) 4×10=40 Group "B" (Short Answer Questions) 4×10=40

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5. Distinguish digitalization from information. 5. Describe briefly the social trends relevant to mass
6. Why some media theories are called 'society-centric' and communication.

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others 'media centric'. Explain briefly with examples. 6. Lasswell Models vs. Four Models of Mass communication

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7. What is the use of convergence model of communication? process.
8. Sketch the position of the media organization with its 7. Sociology of mass communicator.

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internal structure at the centre of a field of soial forces. 8. Uses and gratification theory.
9. Make a distiction between the concepts of responsibility and 9. Mass culture as distinguished from high culture and
accountability. popular culture.
10. Sociological significance of media technology. 10. Globalization process and mass media in Nepal.


Year: 2065 4. What are the basic assumptions of the Uses and Gratification
theory? Describe succinctly.

1. "The social and cultural effects of mass communication are Group "B" (Short Answer Questions) 4×10=40
difficult to assess." Why? Give reasons.
5. Asian approach to communication studies.

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2. Describe the four models of Normative Media Theory as
6. Media - materialist vs. social - materialist approaches.

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proposed by McQuail.
7. The information society
3. What are the main motives that have guided the study of

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8. Agenda setting and framing.

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media content? Describe briefly.
9. Public service broadcasting.
4. How is the audience viewed as a mass market? Discuss.

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10. Social forces surrounding a media organization.

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Year: 2067

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Group "A" (Long Answer Questions)

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5. Functionalism vs. social constructivism.
1. Describe with a figurative model the pyramidical view of

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6. Three regulatory models of mass communication.
communication process.

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7. The reality of global communication.
8. General Criteria of media professionalism. 2. The four models of mass communication process emphasize

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9. Online Journalism and Nepal. human use of media technology unlike the older definitions
of mass communication process. Explain.

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10. The spiral of silence theory.
3. What do you understand by computer-mediated

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Year: 2066 communication? How do you relate to community
formation?

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Group "A" (Long Answer Questions) 3×20=60 4. Describe briefly the main themes, which have gone into the
1. Explain the basis of one scientific theory that you know the shaping of the media society theories.
complex relations that exist between media and social and
cultural life of people. Group "B" (Short Answer Questions) 4×10=40
2. Describe aided by a diagrammatic sketch the elements of the
5. The Golding model of media effects.
sociological process of mass communication.
6. General criteria of media professionalism.
3. 'Basic models of communication have evolved overtime.'
7. Main motives for the study of media content.
Justify the statement.
8. Functionalism vs. social constructionism.


9. Main normative principles. Year: 2060
10. Alternative models of mass media regulation.
Group "A" (Long Answer Question) 3×15= 45
JMC. 532 (Principles of Journalism)
1. Discuss the role of news media in democratic participation
Year: 2059

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of people.
2. Examine the financial investment climate for media houses

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in Nepal after 1990.

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3. How do you assess the application of the basic principles of

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1. Critically examine the role of news contents in the Nepalese
broadcast media. journalism in the Nepalese media?

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2. How do you access the growth of daily newspapers in 4. Why is radio the most relevant media for Nepal?

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Nepal?

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3. Discuss the principles of media pluralism. Group "B" Short Answer Questions 4×7.5= 30

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4. Evaluate the codes of conduct developed by Press Council
5. Explain media values in principle and practice.

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Nepal for Journalist.
6. What are the main stages of journalism's growth in Nepal?

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7. Discuss the impact of media on society.

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Group "B" (Short Answer Questions) 4×7.5=30
8. How does media contribute to informing the public

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accurately and fairly?
5. What are the key principles of journalism?
9. Examine the practice of development journalism in Nepal,

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6. How far have the Nepalese media been able to reach the
with emphasis on illustrations and graphics.

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people? Give examples
10. Write Short notes on any TWO:
7. Explain the role of newspapers
a. Cross-Ownership

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8. Discuss the impact of documentary films as an information
b. Gate-keepers
channel.
c. Newsreels
9. Examining the functioning of alternative media.
10. Write Short notes on any TWO.
a. Vertical ownership
b. Documentary films
c. Press associations


Year 2061 3. What is the dilemma of the objectivity and subjectivity in
journalism?
Group "A" (Long Answer Question) 3×15= 45 4. Why the use of photography, graphics and other illustrative
materials is given priority in a magazine?
1. Discuss the factors that led to the arrival of journalism in
Nepal. Group "B" (Short Answer Questions) 4×7.5=30

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2. What are the main theories of modern journalism?

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3. How has the restoration of multiparty democracy affected 5. Media watch mechanism in Nepal.

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the growth and development of various news media in 6. Inclusiveness in media functioning and service.

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Nepal? 7. What is gate keeping and how it works in media?

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4. How do you assess the application of 'ABC of Journalism' in 8. Community and commercial radio.

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the World, with special reference to Nepal? 9. Describe various types of lenses and their uses.

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10. What is journalistic fairness?
Group "B" Short Answer Questions 4×7.5= 30

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Year: 2063
5. Discuss the various stages of development of journalism in

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the world, with special reference to Nepal. Group "A" (Long Answer Questions) 3×15=45

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6. What is development journalism?

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7. Why is monopoly in Media against the spirit of democracy? 1. Compare and contrast print journalism practices with those of
Give examples. broadcast media practices in Nepal.

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8. List and elaborate the various broadcast media and their 2. Describe the characteristics of newspaper journalism with

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presence in Nepal. suitable examples.
9. Examine the use and abuse of illustrations in news 3. Explain the universally accepted principles of journalism and

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magazines. media practices in Nepal. Give examples.
4. What are the advantages digital photography brought in the
Year: 2062 professional life of the photojournalists?

Group "A" (Long Answer Questions) 3×15=45 Group "B" (Short Answer Questions) 4×7.5=30

1. Discuss media freedom, with special fuscous on licentiousness 5. Globalization and localization of news media.
verses social responsibility. 6. Is there an Asian value system in journalism?
2. How do you take thee good ethical decisions? Describe in the 7. How journalism functions as a watchdog of the society?
light of ethical principles of journalism. 8. New trends in magazine publication.

9. 'Documentary film is a creative expression of reality.' Explain. Year: 2065
10. Business and editorial operation of a newspaper.
Year: 2064 1. Relate political development with journalism, with reference
Group "A" (Long Answer Questions) 3×15=45 to Nepal.

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2. Discuss some of the prominent thoughts concerning

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1. How has modern technology impacted the news media in freedom of expression that had an impact on journalism.
Nepal? 3. Why are the basic qualities of journalism distinct from other

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2. Describe the importance of press freedom as one of the qualities of practices?
major principles of journalism and explain how is it 4. Discuss about photo editing and its process step by step.

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reflected in the legal system of the country?

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3. What is the general state of ownership of Nepal's major Group "B" (Short Answer Questions) 4×7.5=30

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media organizations and the functioning of news media?

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4. What are the basic components of journalistic ethics 5. What do you know about horizontal and diagonal

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reflected in code of conduct for journalists? ownership of media?

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6. Do you think state-imposed codes of conduct are needed in

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Group "B" (Short Answer Questions) 4×7.5=30 a democratic society?

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7. Importance of digital technology in photojournalism.
5. Proximity factor. 8. Why the use of illustrations and graphics is given priority in

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6. Is news media industry a business? a magazine?

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7. Rise of specialized magazines. 9. News media as a business activity and social service.
8. Describe the darkroom process and say how you develop 10. Write short notes on any TWO:

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film and make prints. a. Sting journalism
9. Factors influencing film production and showing. b. Freelance journalism
10. Broadcast program formats. c. Gate-keeping


Year: 2066 3. Discuss, with examples, public journalism and 'one
journalism.'
Group "A" (Long Answer Questions) 3×15=45 4. Explain narrowcasting and fragmentation of audiences.
1. Discuss the emergence of the print media as world's first
news media and how it is influencing other types of media. Group "B" (Short Answer Questions) 5×7=35

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2. Do you agree with the thinking that there are different value
5. What is the significance of precision journalism?

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systems for media functioning in different societies?
3. What is the media environment in an electoral democracy 6. Discuss Alan Chalkley's definition of development

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journalism and its relevance in Nepal.

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and in a liberal democracy?
4. Do the basic principles of news dissemination apply to those 7. Why do some critics describe investigative reporting as

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of op-ed contents? muckrake?

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8. "Journalism is literature in a hurry." Do you agree?

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Group "B" (Short Answer Questions) 4×7.5=30 9. Define gate - keeping and its functioning in news media.

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10. Write short notes on any TWO:

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5. Why news media are called watchdog of the society? a. Sting journalism
b. Partisan press

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6. Explain cross-ownership of media.
c. Marketplace of ideas

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7. "Medium is the message." Explain.

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8. Discuss the significance of news source in professinal
journalism? Year: 2067

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9. Discuss the principles of photo analysis. Group "A" (Long Answer Questions) 3×15=45

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10. Write about actually format as a widely practiced broadcast
program format. 1. Discuss the Fourth Theories of the press, with special

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references to media in Nepal.
Year: 2066 (New) 2. Explain the significance of news media as a free marketplace
of ideas.
Group "A" (Long Answer Questions) 3×15=45 3. What does "tabloid journalism" denote?
1. How do different interest groups try to use news media as 4. Discuss hot and cold media. Give examples.
propaganda tools?
2. Define credibility. What are the ways of maintaining it in the Group "B" (Short Answer Questions) 5×7=35
news media?
5. How does journalism contribute to participatory
democracy? Give examples.

6. Who are the key news agency subscribers? 6. Narrate briefly the impact of modern technologies on the
7. What are the pitfalls of gate keeping? development of book industry.
8. Why is journalism called literature in a hurry? 7. The constitution of Nepal provides specific guarantees to the
9. Compare and contrast print media with broadcast freedom of the press. Describe with emphasis on the history
journalism. of development press freedom in Nepal.
10. Write short notes on any TWO: 8. Describe briefly the innovations in printing and its impact

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a. Ombudsman on the modernization of Nepalese newspaper industry.

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b. Conglomerate 9. Write briefly on the emergence of electronic newspapers in

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c. Walter Lippmann recent times.

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10. What is Internet and what role it plays in the dissemination

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JMC. 533 of information.

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(History of Journalism and Mass Communication)

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Year: 2060

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Group 'A' (Long Answer Question) 3×20=60

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1. "The newspaper is at once a private enterprise struggling in
a highly competitive economy and a quise-public institution

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1. Describe the role of local and community media in Nepal
serving the needs of all citizens."

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vis-s-vis the expansion of national news media with
In the light of Ernest C. Hynds' remarks, explain in historical
emphasis on their historical perspective.
perspective, how the social service role is reconciled with

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2. What influence modern technologies are having on the
the compulsions of profile making in a publication

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future of publication industry from global historical
enterprise?
perspective? Explain.
2. Describe the evolution of books as a medium of

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3. What do you understand by the term globalization of
communication and its impacts on shaping modern
information? Describe it in the context of the emergence of
societies.
global newspapers and television media.
3. Newspapers are waging a losing battle against the powerful
4. Describe the scope and impact of magazine journalism in
electronic media.
modern times.
Critically examine the transition faced by world newspaper
industry in an electronic era and narrate the changes they
Group 'B' (Short Answer Question) 4×10=40
are undergoing in order to stay ahead in business.
5. Write short notes on Hierographics, frequency modulation, 4. Present a critical appraisal of the crisis faced by magazine
cable TV, byte, cross-media ownership. publications in Nepal. Narrate their strength as well as

weakness vis-a-vis growing influence of broadsheet daily Group 'B' (Short Answer Question) 4×10=40
newspapers.
5. Narrate the provision of the constitution of Nepal that deal
Group "B" (Short Answer Question) 4×10=40 with right to information of citizens and Right to Privacy.
5. What is 'Sanad'? Explain how it is related with the 6. Describe briefly the transformation of printing form letter
press to computer technology.

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newspaper history of Nepal.
7. Write short notes on:

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6. Write a note on the early form of writings during the
beginning of early civilizations. Syndicates, two-step flow of communication, wire services,

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yellow journalism and censorship.

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7. Write short notes on the following:
Chiranjibi Poudyal, Sudha Sagar, Partisan press, tabloids 8. Narrate the role news media can play in the containment of

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and morgue. conflicts in South Asia.

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8. How do you define copyrights as distinct from intellectual 9. What do you understand by the term "public access to

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property right? information"? How can media be made effective instruments

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9. Write a note on the emergence of FM radio stations in for enhancing public access?

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Nepal. 10. Describe some of the problems faced by newspaper industry
in Nepal vis-à-vis stiff competition from electronic media.

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10. What do you know about 'digital communication'?

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Explain with examples.
Year: 2062

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Year: 2061

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1. Discuss the history and development of FM Radio in Nepal.
1. Describe the impact of communication revolution on the 2. Discuss the history of printing in Nepal and the

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development of book industry with particular references to development of the print media (including book publishing)
Nepal. radio and television.
2. Give a critical appraisal of the role of mass media as 'gate- 3. Write an essay on press freedoms in Nepal with specific
keepers' of the society of the role of technological references to the constitutional and legal provisions and
advancements. their implementation.
3. Write an essay on the condition of news magazines and 4. Describe the growth, development and development of the
periodicals in Nepal against the expansion of other media. media in Nepal after the restoration of democracy in Nepal
4. 'Facts are sacred, comments are free.' Explain this maxim in in April 1990.
the light of deterioration of ethical standards of news media.


Group 'B' (Short Answer Question) 4×10=40 3. Discuss briefly the development of the broadcasting media
(radio and television) in the West and trace the introduction,
5. Discuss the history and growth of television in Nepal. development and growth of radio and television in Nepal.
6. 'The development of FM Radio in Nepal is unique, 4. Compare the history of the development of journalism (print
especially in terms of the various institution/ organizational media) in the seven South Asian states, with references to
arrangements'. Discuss. press freedom in those countries.

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7. Critically analyze the statement, "The Internet may be the

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most democratic of all communication media but it may be Group 'B' (Short Answer Question) 4×10=40

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the most democratic of all communication media but it may

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be the most developing countries to benefit from its use." 5. Discuss the brief history of the status of printing press in

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Why? Nepal.

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8. Discuss censorship in Nepal, with references to the existing 6. Discuss the history and grow growth of television (including

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legal provisions and practice. privately owned TV) in Nepal.

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9. Discuss briefly the four distinct phases of the development 7. Discuss the censorship in Nepal, with references to the

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of the newspaper in India starting with the period beginning existing legal provision and practice.
1818 to 1947, when it became independent. 8. Write a short note on press freedoms in Bhutan and in

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10. Write short notes on any TWO of the following: Maldives.

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a. The history of book publishing 9. Discuss the growth of magazines in Nepal after 1990.

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b. The 'penny paper/press' and yellow journalists 10. Write short notes on any TWO of the following:
c. The weekly Gorkhapatra a. The development of the Internet in Nepal

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b. The history of films in Nepal

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Year: 2063 c. The growth of "community" radio in Nepal.

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Group "A" (Long Answer Questions) 3×20=60 Year: 2064

1. Discuss the growth and development of the media in Nepal Group "A" (Long Answer Questions) 3×20=60
focusing on major legel indtitution changes that took place
after the restoration of democracy in April 1990. 1. Trace the development of mass media in Nepal with
2. Write an essay on press freedoms in Nepal between 1950 reference to major political development that have
and 2005, with specific reference to political and legal influenced its growth.
changes that took place during the period. 2. Discuss the following statement, using examples from any
South Asian country of your choice to support your


argument."The degree of media freedom of in on the Year: 2065
political system and the laws of the land."
3. Trace the development of radio in Nepali with specific Group "A" (Long Answer Questions) 3×20=60
references to the growth of frequency modulation (FM) 1. Describe the most important phase in the history of
broadcasting. newspaper journalism.
4. Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Right say,

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2. "Magazine presents sequential thought while newspaper
"Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and

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covers fragmented news Explain with examples.
expression…" Using this as basis, assess the situation of 3. How do you explain evolution of broadcast industry?

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press freedoms in South Asia, with specific references to a

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Describe with suitable example.
country of your choice. 4. Describe the role of the books in bringing about

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communication revolution with reference to the

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Group 'B' (Short Answer Question) 4×10=40 effectiveness of the Gutenberg Press.

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5. Discuss how economic actions and policies of government Group 'B' (Short Answer Question) 4×10=40

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can influence media content.
6. Discuss the major legal provisions regulating FM

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5. What are the various stages in the evolution of newspapers
broadcasting in Nepal.

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in Nepal?
7. 'Magazines in Nepal are a post-1990 phenomenon.' Discuss.

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6. Describe the history odf newspaper in the USA and UK.
8. 'Acta Diurna', 'The Corante' and 'Public Occurrences…..' 7. What are the needs for clear-cut policies on book publishing
refers to the early history of the development of

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in Nepal?
newspapers. Describe and discuss these early papers.

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8. Describe the issues relating to the contents of magazines in
9. Write short notes on the 'The news Reel' and 'Nepal Nepal.
Broadcasting'

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9. Compare the emergence of newspaper journalism in SAARC
10. Write short notes on any TWO of the following: and ASEAN countries.
a. Censorship 10. Radio is the most effective means od mass communication
b. Impartiality and balance in today's Nepal.
c. Press freedoms in Pakistan during the authoritarian
period(1958-85)


Year: 2066 Year: 2066 (New)

Group "A" (Long Answer Questions) 3×20=60 Group "A" (Long Answer Questions) 3×20=60

1. Describe the contemporary dimensions of mass media and 1. How did magazine evolve towards specialization? Furnish
journalism with special references to Nepal. with examples.

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2. Why is the book the oldest media in mass communication 2. Explain the significance of op-ed page.

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filed? Describe the recent trends of book industries in 3. Discuss how media theory, information technology and

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modern society. media research became an integral tool assist in raising

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3. Why is the magazine known as the vehicle for the deeper professional quality.

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voice o contemporary society? Describe it with reference to 4. How do you evaluate the recent development of daily

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Nepal. newspapers in Nepal?

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4. Describe the evolution of newspaper industry in Nepal.

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What was the situation of newspaper before 1950 in Nepal? Group 'B' (Short Answer Question) 4×10=40

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Explain with example.
5. What is the major in the development of TV broadcast

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media in Nepal?

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Group 'B' (Short Answer Question) 4×10=40 6. How have various organizations forged close

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interrelationship with books so as to use them as a tool to
5. Describe the decline of afternoon newspaper in western propagate idea generation?

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countries. 7. Elaborate the utility of Gutenberg revolution.

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6. Define the practical problem of book publishing in Nepal. 8. Evaluate the major development challenges of Nepal and
7. Why is newspaper medium essential for mass society in the role of the news media.

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Japan and China? 9. Discuss the newspaper industry in Nepal since the
8. What are the principles of effective writing for magazines? revolution process of 1951 A.D.
Describe. 10. What progress has Nepal recorded in terms of professional
9. Describe the differences of broadcast media and print journalism?
media.
10. What are the positive and negative aspects of the recent
growth of community in Nepal?


JMC.534 (Research Methodology)
Year: 2067
Year: 2059
1. Illustrate the challenges in maintaining the principles of 1. What is scientific social research? Explain the characteristics

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accuracy, balance, credibility in the media policy in Nepal. of a good research design.

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2. How did the Gutenberg press contribute to the development 2. Discuss the history of the development of the mass media

.
of the world's first mass media? Give example. research in Nepal with reference to the development of

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3. The major stumbling block to the development of Nepalese urban-industrial society.

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journalism is that it suffers from a lack of professional ethos 3. Describe with illustrations various types of communication

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and faces partisanship media approaches. Do you agree? research and their relevance for a country like Nepal.

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4. Do you agree that entertainment magazine is superficial and 4. Calculate the standard deviation about a media

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gossip-oriented in content as compared to literary magazine, organizations variance in respect the age of reporters.

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which is more robust, and it acts as an effective valuable tool
to meet the aspiration of the society themes? Discuss.

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Age of 20- 30- 40- 50-60 60- 70- 80-
reporters: 30 40 50 70 80 90

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Group 'B' (Short Answer Question) 4×10=40 No. of the 3 6 13 15 4 6 3

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editors
5. Discuss the evolution of daily newspapers magazine in Nepal.

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6. How should magazine editor perform herself/himself so as to

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effective take the leadership mantle of a magazine editor? Group "B" (Short Answer Questions) 4×10=40
7. What are the major democratic issues and challenges that

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Nepalese journalism follows? 5. Critically analyze the explanatory studies and its importance
8. Discuss the trends of electronic media in Nepal. in social research.
9. Does a serious magazine exert greater influence than 6. What do you understand by experimental and survey
sensational tabloid size daily papers? research?
10. Compare specialized magazine with general interest magazines. 7. What is communication effects research?
8. Explain the characteristics of the media support system
research.
9. Write short notes on:
a. Questionnaires
b. Didactical and methodological aids-meta plant

c. Case study method b. Content analysis
d. Skewness c. Key information interviews
10. Explain the relevance of this histogram in the media d. Focus group discussion
research. 8. What is survey? Discuss the characteristics of a good
questionnaire.
Year: 2060 9. What do you understand from the terms "Social

m
Construction of meaning"?

co
10. What is the difference between regression and correlation?

.
1. Research can help better understand large social trends.

i
Analyze whether you agree or disagree with the statement. Year: 2061

n
Explain the elements of a sound research design. Group "A" (Long Answer Questions) 3×20=60

a
2. Discuss the history of the development of the mass media

k
research in Nepal with reference where relevant, to the 1. Why is applied research more important? How is media

a
development of urban-industrial society in the west. research related to this system?

r
3. Discuss at least three data collection techniques used in 2. Discuss the difference between theory and facts in research.

u
social research and describe the situations where you would 3. Define various types of sampling in research design. Why is
employ these techniques. random sampling more practicable to media research?

k
4. Calculate quartile deviation from the following data and 4. Calculate and analyze the standard deviation from the

ia
analyze the impact. following age group of the reporters.

d
Age of 20- 30- 40- 50-59 60- 70- No. of the 5 6 6 13 20 29 30

e
editors 29 39 49 69 79 editors

m
No. of the 306 182 144 96 42 34 Age of bel 20- 25- 30- 35- 40- above
editors editors ow 25 30 35 40 45 45
20

5. Discuss sampling and its importance in the social reach.
6. Analyze the long-term influence of the exposure to mass 5. Define and discuss survey method. Give examples.
media exposure 6. What is content analysis?
7. Write Short notes on: 7. Explain the techniques of data collection in research process.
a. Research hypothesis

8. What is observation method? Explain how using 9. Explain the importance of validity and reliability of
questionnaires in research and observation differ. research.
9. Why is a hypothesis important in research? 10. What are the differences between regression and
10. Discuss the characteristics of a good research interview. correlation?
Year: 2063

m

co
Group "A" (Long Answer Questions) 3×20=60 1. Discuss the origin and development of media

i .
research after 1990. Why is media research very
1. What is a good research design? Explain with examples. much related to applied research? Describe.

n
2. What are the differences between content analysis and 2. What is sampling? Describe various types of

a
public opinion research? sampling on exploratory or descriptive research

k
3. Discuss the problems of media and journalism research in design.

a
Nepal. 3. What are the characteristics of good research design?

r
4. Reporters of different ages are working at a broadsheet Explain and analyze the problems of scientific

u
daily. Rearrange, calculate and analyze the standard method in the process of research.
deviation from the following age group of the reporters:

k
4. What are the similarities and dissimilarities between

ia
Quartile and Standard deviation? Give examples
No. of 0 9 6 13 20 29 3 with rearranging calculating and analyzing the data
reporters:

d
on your choice.

e
Age of below 15 50 40 30 20 60 to
reporters: 15 to to to to to above Group "B" (Short Answer Questions) 4×10=40

m
20 60 50 40 30
5. Discuss 'questionnaire is the techniques of data
collection.' Why?
Group "B" (Short Answer Questions) 4×10=40 6. Critically analyze the research participatory
approach and application.
5. Discuss the use of survey method in mass media studies. 7. Describe the case study methods in research. What
6. What is participatory research? Discuss in brief. are the characteristics of good interview?
7. Explain the techniques of data collection. 8. Write a short note on the quantitative and the
8. What is the case study method? Discuss the characteristics qualitative research methods on media.
of good interviews.


9. Discuss the kinds of communication research. Why 6. What is research hypothesis?
and how is the computer system related to 7. Explain the techniques of observation in media study.
communication research? 8. What is experimental method in research?
10. Write short notes on any TWO of the following: 9. Write a short note on quantitative and qualitative research.
a) Hypothesis 10. Discuss at least three ways of illustrating research findings.
b) Communication effect research

m
c) Content analysis Year: 2065

co

.
Year: 2064

i
1. Discuss the similarities and dissimilarities between social

n
Group "A" (Long Answer Questions) 3×20=60 research and communication research.

a
1. What are the main characteristics of research design? 2. Discuss theory and facts in research process. Why

k
Explain with examples. researchers are based on the spirit of facts and theory?

a
2. Discuss the differences between scientific research and social Explain.

r
research? 3. Trace the recent trends of communication research producer
in Nepal. Why applied research is more comfortable to

u
3. Define sampling and explain its problems while doing
media study? Explain.

k
media and journalism - related research.
4. Calculate and analyze quartile deviation from the following

ia
4. Editorial pages of broadsheet daily newspapers attract
readers of different age groups. Rearrange, calculate and age group of the reports from different newspapers.

d
analyze the quartile deviation from the following age group
No. of 10 18 67 63 34 21 26 11

e
of readers.
reporters
Age of below 18- 23- 28- 33- 38- 43-48 48 &

m
No. of 21 30 19 29 41 29 40
readers reporters 18 23 28 33 38 43 above
Age of below 20- 30- 40- 50- 60- 70-
readers 20 30 40 50 60 70 above Group "B" (Short Answer Questions) 4×10=40

5. Why media research is based on survey methods? Explain
Group "B" (Short Answer Questions) 4×10=40 with examples.
6. What functions of computer are defined as the processors of
5. Discuss the importance of using questionnaires in media
research data analysis? Give examples.
studies. Explain with examples.
7. Discuss the techniques of data collection in applied research.

8. 'Media content analysis is a post-2000 phenomenon.' 8. Which computer functioning system is important to the
Elucidate. media research? Discuss.
9. Describe and discuss the nature of variables in research 9. Discuss briefly the public opinion research. Why this kind of
process. research is different from advertising research?
10. Why interview techniques are more practicable in random 10. Write short notes on any two of the following:
sampling study? Explain with reasons. a. Research variables

m
b. Experimental research

co
Year: 2066 c. Techniques of attitude scaling

i .
Group "A" (Long Answer Questions) 3×20=60 Year: 2066

n
1. Describe the development of mass research in Nepal with Group "A" (Long Answer Questions) 3×16=48

a
reference to print media in general.

k
2. What is sampling in media research? Describe various types 1. What is media research? Describe the similarities and

a
of sampling in research design. dissimilarities between media research and social science

r
3. Describe the difference between experimental and survey research.

u
research. Critically analyze why media research is related to 2. Describe the content analysis method on communication
research hypothesis? Give examples. research. What are the characteristics of content analysis

k
4. Rearrange, calculate and analyze standard deviation from methods? Explain with examples.

ia
the following are group of the television reporters. 3. Explain the modern trends of mass communication research
procedure in Nepal. Why is it called 'Fertile field' in Nepal?

d
No. of 0 23 2 40 6 21 28 0 Explain.

e
reporters 4. What are the merits and demerits of quartile deviations?
Calculate and analyze quartile deviations yourself with media

m
Age of 76-86 16- 66- 26- 46- 36- 56-66 Below
reporters 26 76 36 56 46 16 research angles.

5. Discuss why the case study method is appropriate for the
fact-finding of the problems?
5. What is meant by primary data in media research? Discuss the
6. Write short notes on the non-participant observation and
various methods of collecting primary data.
participant observation methods of date collection.
7. What is validity and reliability of research? Explain.

6. Define tabulation. Discuss the general rules of tabulation on 7. Discuss the classification of data. Why are variables important
media study. in research process?
7. Explain the features of a good research proposal. Why is 8. What are the steps in survey methods? Explain.
proposal needed to the research on media? Explain. 9. Why is interview technique more practicable in cluster
8. What are the processes of formulating the research hypothesis? sampling study? Explain with reasons.
Describe. 10. Describe the participant uncontrolled observation. What are its

m
9. Describe the survey methods with examples. advantages?

co
10. What are the types and procedure of sampling methods?

.
JMC. 535

i
Year: 2067
(Global Systems and International Journalism)

n

a
Year: 2059

k
1. Describe the research in different fields of social science. How

a
is media research related to social sciences? Explain. Group 'A' (Long Answer Question) 3×20=60

r
2. What are the good characteristics of media research? Describe
1. What are the principles of developing journalism, what

u
with examples.
3. Describe the recent trends of data collection on media research differentiates it from western journalism?

k
and explain a computer's function as a tool of research data 2. Discuss the advantages, challenges and dangers of the Internet.

ia
analysis. What is the relation between traditional media and the internet?
4. What is measure of dispersion? Calculate and analyze standard 3. Is the necessary to deal with imbalance of international news

d
deviation from the following data: flow? Discuss how journalists in South Asian countries can cope

e
Ages of 15-20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 41-45 with it.
4. What are the priorities in selecting international news by

m
reporters:
No. of 306 240 280 61 29 27 Group 'B' (Short Answer Questions) 4×10=40
person:
5. Describe the variety of forms of global mass communication.
6. What kind of services DR agency provide to a country, which
Group "B" (Short Answer Questions) 4×10=40 signs a contract with it?
7. Are there any printed media, which can be called
5. What is secondary date in electronic media research? "international"? Why have some national newspapers
6. Describe the basic elements of a research proposal. international impacts despite their sometimes-limited
circulation? Give an example.

8. Write about Sri Lanka. Year: 2061
9. Discuss any one of the three main news agencies in global
communication Group 'A' (Long Answer Question) 3×20=60

1. Explain what core-periphery theory describes. Elaborate what
Year: 2060 consequence I has on international flow of information.

m
Group 'A' (Long Answer Question) 3×20=60 2. What are the limitations of different media in developing

co
countries? Which medium is the most effective and why?
1. Explain the origins of the ideas of New World Information 3. Write about satellite TV in South Asia and discuss channels,

i .
Order (NWIO). What are the functions of communication popularity and its cultural impact.
according to McBride Commission Report? 4. Is there any scope of the control of flow of news about one's

n
2. What are the limitations for journalists dealing with foreign own country abroad? Explain how it might be done.

a
news in developing countries? Discuss

k
3. What is bout some common feature of media systems in Group 'B' (Short Answer Questions) 4×10=40

a
SAARC countries.

r
4. What is the tendency in approach to international news-by- 5. What are the predictions for the future of global

u
news organization? communication?

k
6. What causes deformation of picture of reality given by media in

ia
Group 'B' (Short Answer Questions) 4×10=40 international news?
7. Describe one global TV channel.

d
5. Describe how modern technologies are changing traditional 8. What dose 'globalization' in media mean?

e
media. 9. Compare two media systems in any two South Asian countries.
6. What invention opened developing countries on global 10. Write about internatioonal TV news and their impact on

m
channels? What was the impact of this invention? international news.give an example.
7. Describe one international radio service.
8. What do you understand by the saying that international news Year: 2062
can have 'boomerang effect'? Group 'A' (Long Answer Question) 3×20=60
9. Discuss state-owned broadcast media blaming programs in
foreign languages. 1. Do you agree that the Nepali press has been changing over
10. What are the characteristics of major international news years under the influence of changing tendencies in foreign
agencies? printed media? Justify your opinion and describe the relation
between Nepali and foreign press.


2. How the political environment has interacted with the situation Year: 2063
of media in India. Include the issues of accessibility, press
freedom, status of journalist. Group 'A' (Long Answer Question) 3×20=60
3. Is it possible to report bare facts? is the journalist's objectivism 1. What is the role of foreign TV channels in creation and, later,
possible or is it only a myth? Where the news ends and the the format of Nepali Television. Elaborate on relation and
manipulation starts?

m
influences of foreign channels on shaping the content of all
4. How the use of satellites for commercial broadcast changed

co
operating Nepali TV station.
international communication? What is the role of TV channel 2. How the political environment has interacted with the situation

.
and TV wholesalers? Why is it said that television is the center

i
of media in Pakistan. Include the issues of accessibility, press
of international communication? Discuss these issues and show freedom, status of journalist.

n
your acquaintance with at least one international or regional TV 3. Discuss the issue of relation between economy and media. Is th

a
network or channel. economy a news power in media policy replacing political

k
power?

a
Group 'B' (Short Answer Questions) 4×10=40 4. Describe the general tendency within media organization in

r
selection the news. Explain why media organization in selecting
5. What are the provision and restriction of freedom of expression

u
the news. Explain why media cannot picture reality 'as it is' and
in South Countries?

k
what the reasons behind deformations of reality by media are.
6. Give the features of international radio broadcast and describe

ia
one radio station in details. Group 'B' (Short Answer Questions) 4×10=40
7. Foreign journalists in South Asia in relation with local laws and

d
authorities. What are the weak and strong points of their

e
5. Describe how the Internet has changed other media in Nepali
coverage? and in the world.
8. What are the directions of news flow in contemporary world?

m
6. Give the features of international print media and describe one
9. Describe the principles of international advertising. Give an title or group of titles published by one organization in details.
example of an international media campaign. 7. What advantages and challenges Internet poses to journalist?
10. What is the News World Information and Communication 8. What is the international PR? Who practices it? What are the
Order? What institutions and people were involved in common places and what are the differences between the
establishing it? What were the effects of establishing NWICO? international and domestic PR? What are the major tools of
international PR?
9. What does gender sensitive journalism mean?
10. Compare the working condition and status of journalists in
South Asian countries.

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