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Cryptocurrencies, blockchain & smart contracts:
A general introduction
Raffaele Mauro
Innovation Manager
Intesa Sanpaolo
August 2015
RuralHub / Societing Summer School
2
Technology
Finance &
Venture Capital
Policy
Innovation
Cryptofinance,
Smart Contracts &
Bitcoin
3
4
5
6
Peer to peer lending Crowdfunding
Disintermediation:
from underground to mainstream
7
Alt & Virtual Currencies
8
9
10
2014 -> Price drops + institutional
acceptance
Mark Andreessen – Tim Draper – Fred Wilson:
Bitcoin today is like the Internet in 1994
11
12
13
14
2015: Regulatory Activism
15
2013 peak
2011 “bubble”
16
17
August 2015
Wallets 9,3 Million 4x Since 2014
Transactions / Day 116,000
Transaction volume ($) 63,694,000
Merchants 100,000 Microsoft, Expedia, Paypal
Hashrate 434,234,000 4x Since 2014
VC Investments 2014 $ 335 + 342% Since 2013
VC Investments Jan-15 $ 112 M > than 2013 all-year
VC Investments Aug-15 $ 373 M > than 2014 all-year
N° of VC backed startups 113
Open source finance goes big
Distributed public ledger
Network of communicating nodes sharing a public transaction database
18
19
Cryptography & transactions
• Private key:
– Digital signature
– Allows spending
• Public key:
– Allows signature
verification
– Represents the
wallet address
• Transactions are
published in the
blockchain
20
Blockchain
• Aimed at proving
transactions
• Contains all
transaction history
• Blocks record
recent
transactions +
connected linearly
• Longest chain
enables
verification / trust
Effects
• Decentralized, peer to peer trustless system
• Not dependent central bank/government
• Full transparency + pseudonomity
• Cryptographically secure
• Resilience to marketplace failures
• Viral growth
21
Monetary supply
22
Mining
• Bitcoin released
algorithmically
• Miners solve
complex
computational
problems
• Mining enables
transaction
validation +
block generation
• Fixed amount of
Bitcoins every 10
mins
23
Limits
• Rigid monetary supply => Volatility
• 51% Attack vulnerability
• Reliance on third parties
• Block-Size / Fork problem
• Path dependence
• Inequality
• Transaction speed
• Non-neutrality / political implications
• Other network vulnerabilities
24
25
Gini coefficient > ~0.8
Remittances
• Half of the world population is unbanked
• Average remittance commission for African migrants > 12,5%
26
How to get bitcoins
27
How to easily trade €/$ with Bitcoins
28
Secure Wallets (Italy)
29
Exchanges (Italy)
30
31
Community (Italy)
Ecosystem
32
33
Example: Coinbase
Raised $106.7 Million in 4 Rounds
Coinbase lets any consumer to create a Bitcoin wallet and start
buying/selling Bitcoin instantly by connecting their bank account
2012
Seed
Round
$ 600 K
2013
Series A
$ 6,1 M
2013
Series B
$ 25 M
2014
Series C
$ 75 M
Investors include New York Stock Exchange, Andreessen Horowitz, Union
Square Ventures, Draper Fisher Jurveston, Y Combinator
Accelerator & Investors
Generalist Specialized
Venture & Growth
Early Stage 34
Financial information
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
The Blockchain / Bitcoin 2.0 wave
43
On the top of the blockchain
44
Independent blockchains
45
46
47
Government, Democracy, Law
48
Smart contracts
Decentralized
Applications
Decentralized
Autonomous
Organizations
49
50
Decentralized “E-bay”
51
Decentralized “DropBox”
52
Decentralized Supercomputer
53
Decentralized Messaging
54
Decentralized Prediction Market
55
Decentralized “Uber”
56
Decentralized Collaboration
57
Research & Open Applications
• Platform for
executing user
generated smart
contracts and
decentralized
applications
+
• Contract
programming
language
• Launch in 2015
58
59
Scenarios for cryptofinance &
decentralized technology
Basic:
- Cryptofinance as sub-industry of Fintech innovation
Optimistic:
- Blockchain as the new payment layer of the Internet, like SMTP for
email
- Internet of Things powered by blockchain technologies
Pessimistic:
- Bubble & crash in cryptoasset (second mega-bubble)
- Bubble & crash in VC in vestments in Bitcoin startups
Utopian / Dystopian:
- Decentralized technology radically disrupts governments, organizations
and financial institutions
Thank you !
rmauro@post.harvard.edu
Raffaele Mauro, Ph.D.
Raffaele Mauro is a venture capital professional with a passion for disruptive technology,
policy challenges and global finance. Now working as Innovation Manager at Intesa
Sanpaolo, he is focused on high-tech companies and Bitcoin / blockchain technologies.
Raffaele co-founded three startups, spent the last years at Harvard University and was
Venture Strategy advisor at P101 Ventures. Previously he was Senior Associate at
Annapurna Ventures, a venture capital firm focused on early stage investments in web
services and mobile applications, and advised OltreVenture, the leading Italian impact
investing fund.
Raffaele earned an MPA at Harvard University, a Ph.D. at Bocconi and attended the
Singularity University Graduate Studies Program at NASA Ames. In the past he also
collaborated with Bocconi University, Collegio di Milano, Harvard Business Review-Italian
Edition and various branches of Confindustria, developing projects related to innovation,
entrepreneurship and finance.
He writes for Aspenia, the policy review of the Aspen Institute - Italy, and LIMES, the
major Italian journal of geopolitics. He is co-founder of the social think tank “Lo Spazio
della Politica” and became part of the “Young European Leaders – 40 under 40” cohort of
2011. He is also advisor at the Harvard Innovation Lab, member of the scientific
commettee at Blockchainlab.it, Junior Fellow at the Aspen Institute, board member at
Mangatar and member of the executive committee at the Global Shapers Hub - Milano, a
World Economic Forum community.

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