stem cells applications on heart brain cancer diabetes blood

1. STEM CELLS IN
REGENERATIVE THERAPY
PRESENTED BY
B.RAGHAVENDRA
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
Asst PROFESSOR A.SWAPNA Mtech (Bio-tech)
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2. STEM CELL
Primitive cell with a very
high potential and infinite
ability of self –renewal and
differentiation into other
cell types
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3. Symmetrical cell division
Self
renewal
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4. Asymmetrical cell division
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5. STEM CELL TYPE DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE
Each cell can
Cells from early (1-3
Totipotent develop into a new
days) embryos
individual
Some cells of
Cells can form any
Pluripotent blastocyst (5 to 14
(over 200) cell types
days)
Cells differentiated,
Fetal tissue, cord
but can form a
Multipotent blood, and adult
number of other
stem cells
tissues
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6. CLONING
Somatic cell nuclear transfer
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15. IDENTIFYING STEM CELLS
In vitro
Peripheral blood
Colony forming units
Erythroid stem cells Page 15

16. SOURCES OF STEM CELLS
 Adult stem cells
 Embryonic stem cells
 Cord blood cells
 From adults stem cells can be collected
mostly from brain and bone marrow.
 From embryo stem cells can be collected
from blastocyst.
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19. APPLICATIONS OF ADULT STEM CELLS AS
 Haemopoitic cells,
 Cardiac Cells
 Neuronal Cells
 Hepatocytes
 Skeletal Muscles
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21. APPLICATIONS OF STEM CELLS
 Neurodegenerative disorders
 Cancer
 Heart failure
 Diabetes
 Haematopoitic diseases
 Hepatocytic diseases
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22. NEUROGENRATIVE DISORDERS
 Parkinson’s disease
 Alzheimer’s disease
 Huntington’s disease
 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Parkinson’s treatment
 Due to loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra disease
occurs
 Symptoms are muscle rigidity, resting tremor, and slowing of
movement. Over time, patients sustain a loss of mobility and
dysautonomia , dystonic cramps and dementia
 Cell transplantation from fetal tissues has offered some success in the
treatment of Parkinson's disorder
There are two principalvdifferent ways of using ESCs
predifferentiated into DA neurons and stem or progenitorcells with
different commitment transplanted into the striatum or SN.
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24. HUNTINGTON’S DISEASE TREATMENT
HD is a fatal hereditary and neurodegenerative disease characterized by
cognitive impairment, and emotional disorder.
HD is caused by mutation of a gene, which resulted in an abnormal
expansion of CAG-encoded polyglutamine repeats in a protein called
huntingtin (Walker, 2007). This leads to loss of medium spiny neurons
(GABAergic neurons) in the striatum
cell transplantation serve as a hopeful strategy for reducing neural
damage and replacing the lost neurons in the HD brain
ALZHEIMER’S TREATMENT
loss of cholinergic neurons of forebrain due to formation of beta
amyloid insoluble protiens Replacement of damged cholinergic
neurons by transplantation of developed stem cells
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25. subventricular zone (SVZ) and olfactory bulb and the
dentate gyrus of the hippocampus
Types of stem cell transplants for treating cancer
 Autologous —the cells come from you
 Allogeneic —the cells come from a matched related or unrelated
donor
 Syngeneic —the cells come from your identical twin or triplet
 In a typical stem cell transplant very high doses of chemo are used,
often along with radiation therapy, . This treatment also kills the stem
cells in the bone marrow. Soon after treatment, stem cells are given to
replace those that were destroyed. These stem cells are given into a
vein, much like a blood transfusion. Over time they settle in the bone
marrow and begin to grow and make healthy blood cells. This process
is called engraftment
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27. MECHANISM OF ACTION OF STEM CELLS ON
CANCER
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29. HEART FAILURE TREATMENT
 Hematopoietic stem cells could transdifferentiate into
cardiomyocytes when injected in the border zone of
infarcted myocardium, making them of particular interest
in the treatment of cardiac disease because they represent
a well-characterized and ample source of progenitor cells.
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31. HEMATOPOIESIS
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32. HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL
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33. THE SOURCES OF HEMATOPOIETIC STEM
CELLS
 Bone marrow
 Peripheral blood
 Umbilical cord blood
 Use of allogeneic bone marrow transplants is in the
treatment of hereditary blood disorders, such as different
types of inherited anemia (failure to produce blood cells),
and inborn errors of metabolism
 Leukemia , beta-thalassemia, globoid cell
leukodystrophy, sickle-cell anemia
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34. STEM CELLS FOR DIABETES
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35.  Production of growth factors
 Differentiation of ductal epithelium
 Replication of pre existing beta cells
 Acinar transdifferentiation
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36. CONCLUSION
 Neurodegenrative disorders are incurable can more
effective therapy by stem cells. Tissue damage cells can
be replaced by stem cells
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37. REFERENCES
 Alison, M.R., Poulsom, R., Jeffery, R., Dhillon, A.P., Quaglia, A.,
Jacob, J., Novelli, M., Prentice, G., Williamson, J., and Wright, N.A.
(2000). Hepatocytes from non-hepatic adult stem cells.
Nature. 406, 257.
 Audet, J., Miller, C.L., Rose-John, S., Piret, J.M., and Eaves, C.J.
(2001). Distinct role of gp130 activation in promotingself-renewal
divisions by mitogenically stimulated murine hematopoietic stem cells.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 98, 1757–1762.
 Baum, C.M., Weissman, I.L., Tsukamoto, A.S., Buckle, A.M., and
Peault, B. (1992). Isolation of a candidate human hematopoietic stem-
cell population. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 89, 2804–2808.
 Bittner, R.E., Schofer, C., Weipoltshammer, K., Ivanova, S., Streubel,
B., Hauser, E., Freilinger, M., Hoger, H., Elbe-Burger, A., and
Wachtler, F. (1999). Recruitment of bone-marrow-derived cells by
skeletal and cardiac muscle in adult dystrophic mdx mice. Anat.
Embryol. (Berl) 199, 391–396.
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