2. Overview
Introduction
Wireless Body Area Network
What WBAN contains?
3 Tire Architecture
Watson
Advantages of the WBAN
Applications of the WBAN
Disadvantages of WBAN
Challenges of WBAN
References
3. Introduction:
DEFINITION BY IEEE:
“A communication standard
Optimized for low power device for their operation
On , in and around the human body to serve a variety
of applications including medical , consumer
electronics or personal entertainment and other.”
Source: IEEE 802.15
4. Wireless Body Area Network :
It allows the integration of intelligent, miniaturized, low power
sensor node in, on or around a human body to monitoring
body function.
WBAN is a network around the human body.
It senses –biological, physical, chemical changes of our body
and alarms the person who wears it.
It helps in auto medication in case of emergency
It sends the information through out the world through internet.
6. Sensors-Biodegradable device
Transceivers –Devices transmit and receives data.
Processors – Master the functioning of all
components in the WBAN
Battery- supplies power.
WBAN consist of two types:-
1) In-body area network
2) On-body area network
WBAN contains :
8. • Consist of intelligent node ( sensing, sampling,
processing, and communicating) Sensor
Architecture
Tire 1: WBAN Sensor
Tire2: Personal server
• interface the WBAN sensor nodes through Zigbee or
Bluetooth.
• Connected with the medical server through mobile
telephone networks (2G, GPRS, 3G) or WLANs—
Internet
• Implemented regularly at cell phone.
9. • Functions of Tire 2:
1-manages the network channel sharing,
time
synchronization, and processing data.
2-Send data to MS
Tire3-Medical server
• Functions:
1-to authenticate users
2-Save patient data into medical records
3-analyze the data .
4- recognize serious health cases in order to
contact emergency care givers .
5-forward new instruction to user.
10. Technology Used :
1. ZigBee
• It is a high level specification used to create
personal area networks.
• An application framework to develop the complete
wireless sensor network.
• It is used in applications that require only a low data
rate, long battery life, and secure networking.
• ZigBee has a defined rate of 250 kbit/s and
operating at 2.4 GHZ.
• Due to the data-rate limitations, hinders the
widespread adoption of ZigBee for the support
of BAN applications
11. 2. IEEE 802.15.4
• It covers the physical (PHY) layer and
medium access control (MAC) layer.
• It has Low data rate and short range radio
communications that is suitable for BAN nodes
• Both of these standards were created with a
low power consumption target in mind.
12. 3. Bluetooth Low Energy
• designed as a short range wireless communication
Standard.
• Bluetooth devices connect by forming a star shaped
network topology known as a piconet.
• It operates in the 2.4 GHz ISM band and accesses
79 channels through a frequency hopping mechanism.
• Bluetooth Low Energy technology supports a data rate
of up to 1 Mbps.
13. 4. Other Technologies
ANT
• It is a lightweight protocol stack created for sensor
networks.
• It require ultra-low power consumption.
• It operates over the 2.4 GHz ISM band and employs
a time division multiple access (TDMA) MAC to
communicate at a data rate of 1 Mbps.
Sensium
• It is used for on-body health monitoring
applications.
14. • It also require ultra-low power
consumption.
• It allows the creation of a wireless links
to smart phones, thus favouring health
monitoring applications at a low cost.
Zarlink
• It has a radio transceiver chips suitable
for implantable medical devices .
• Zarlink devices have been used
successfully in the implementation of a
camera capsule.
16. Advantages of WBAN :
This technique is used in military for
security purposes
Used for the detection of chronic
diseases before hand.
It also assists the seamless
communication between individual
and machine
17. Disadvantages of WBAN :
Wired network-restriction between the body
movement
Interference of the multi devices that share
the channel.
Lack of integration-sensors
Non existent support for massive data
18. Overcoming the disadvantages of WBAN
Micro fabrication-ruled out the discomfort
with the wired network between the sensors.
Integration of physical sensors, embedded
microcontrollers and radio interfaces on a
single chip.
Wireless communication or high level wireless
protocols.
19. Application of WBAN :
In table tennis fore hand shot angle!=90
In cricket the angle at the wrist contains some
constraints.
20. Figures showing the medical application of WBAN.
The particles inside the body are the biodegradable
sensors.
21. The out side equipment where women
wears to her head consists of the
transceivers, processor, batteries.
22. 16
Body Sensor Network
Medical application
– Vital patient data
– Wireless sensors
– Link with bedside monitor
– Count on 10 – 20 sensors
Five similar networks in range
Minimum setup interaction
Potentially wide application
23. Central device is MP3 player
Wireless headset included
Expand functionality
-Speed, distance
-Heart rate, respiration monitor
-Temperature sensor
-Pacing information
-Location information
-Wristwatch display unit
-Etc.
Synchronization may go faster
Fitness Monitoring
24. 18
Wearable Audio
Central device is headset
Stereo audio, microphone
Connected devices
• Cellular phone
• MP3 player, PDA
• CD audio player
• AP at home
• Hands free car
• Remote control
• Others
Requires priority mechanism
25. Remote Control & I/O Devices
Remote control device
• Increase consumer convenience
• Makes headset control practical
• Stand-alone v/s shared function
• Combine with wristwatch display ?
Printers
Identification, storage
Wireless pen
Complement BAN functionality
26. Challenges
sensor reading should be valid.
less complex,light weight,power efficient
Data residing on mobile should be reliable
sensor should reduce the interference
WBAN implementations should be cost optimized
performance should be consistent.
Users require different levels of monitoring
Should not alter the normal activities
social acceptance is the key.
27. Security Requirements
Data integrity
Data Authentication
Data freshness
Secure localization
Availability
Secure management
Data confidentiality
• In WBAN, data confidentiality is
considered to be the most important
issues.
• Protect the data from disclosure.
• Should not leak patient’s vital
information to external or
neighboring networks.
• To solve this security risk public-
key cryptography is too costly.
28. Future Scope
Wireless Body Area Network comprised of low
energy devices such as sensor nodes. Smart Phones
are used to store the medical data gathered by the
sensor nodes. In future these features can be
implemented in android platform and then can be
deployed in a small network of low energy sensor
nodes.
29. Conclusions
These slides include an overview of the various
Security issues in Wireless Body Area
Networking and the possible solutions to
overcome these issues. The solutions should be
efficient in such a way that the low-energy sensor
devices can be able for functioning the entire
implementation. As well as Data security and
Data confidentiality must be maintained and
unauthorized accesses should be prohibited.
30. References
[1] A. Shamir, “Identity-based cryptosystems and signature schemes, “in Proc.
Crypto ’84, Santa Barbara, CA, Aug, 1984, pages 47-53.
[2] Dan Boneh, Matthew Franklin, “Identity-Based Encryption from the Weil
pairing”, in SIAM J. of Computing, Vol. 32, No. 3, pages 586-615, 2003.
[3] B S Adiga, Balamuralidhar P, Rajan M A, Ravishankara Shastry, Shivraj V L, "An
Identity based Encryption using Elliptic Curve Cryptography for Secure M2M
Communication", in TCS Innovation Labs, Bangalore, Karnataka, India, pp 68-75.
[4] IEEE 5931464, Moncef Amara, Amar Siad, "ELLIPTIC CURVE
CRYPTOGRAPHY AND ITS APPLICATIONS", in 7th International Workshop on
Systems, Signal Processing and their Applications (WOSSPA), pages 247-250, 2011.