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Alternate fuels ppt
ALTERNATE FUELS
NAME: RAKESH KUMAR AMANTA
ROLL NO: ME-13-76
REGD NO: 1301230207
GROUP:ME2G1
SEMINAR ON
Synergy Institute Of Engineering & Technology,Dkl
Date:11/08/2016
OVERVIEW
 Introduction To Alternate Fuels
 Why we choose Alternate Fuel ?
 Different Types of Alternate Fuels
 Road Block for Alternate Fuel !!!
 Advantages and Disadvantages of Alcohol Fuels
 Biodiesel As alternate fuel
 Other possible Fuel
 Conclusion
 Reference
Synergy institute of engineering & Technology . dkl
INTRODUCTION
Conventional Fuels:-
 Fossil fuels (petroleum), coal, and nuclear materials such as
uranium.
Alternate Fuels:-
 Also known as non-conventional fuels’
 Highly Oxidized, Sulphur Free, Environmental Friendly
 Any materials or substances that can be used as fuels, other
than conventional fuels
 Example:- Alcohol Fuel, Vegetable Oil,Biodiesel,Natural gas
Alternate fuels ppt
Synergy institute of engineering and Technology, dkl
WHY WE CHOOSE ALTERNATE FUEL
 Conventional Fuels are going to run out
 To reduce pollution
 To protect against Global Warming
 To save money
 Biodegradable and non-toxic
 Easy to handle and store
 Rural Development
Synergy institute of engineering and technology, dkl
DIFFERENT TYPES OF ALTERNATE
FUELS:-
 Alcohol fuels (ethanol & methanol)
 Water gasoline mixture
 Vegetable oil
 Biodiesel
 Hydrogen
 LPG & CNG
 Electricity
 benzol etc……
The first production car running entirely on ethanol was the Fiat
147, introduced in 1978 in Brazil by Fiat.
ETHANOL
Ethanol is a renewable, domestically produced alcohol fuel made
From plant material, such as corn, sugar cane, or grasses. Using
ethanol can reduce oil dependence and greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions. Ethanol fuel use in the U.S. has increased dramatically
from about 1.7 billion gallons in 2001 to about 16.4 billion in 2016
Ethanol is also known as ethyl alcohol. It’s the alcohol in beer, wine,
rum, vodka, etc.
Ethanol was used to fuel some of the first automobiles…
Alternate fuels….
ETHANOL
 Alcohol-based alternative fuel produced by fermenting and
distilling starch crops or cellulose
 Most commonly used to increase octane and improve the
emissions quality of gasoline.
 Can be blended with gasoline to create E85, a blend of 85%
ethanol and 15% gasoline.(FLEX FUEL)
 An excellent, clean-burning fuel, has a higher octane rating
(over 100) and burns cooler than gasoline.
High ethanol blends present a problem to achieve
enough vapor pressure for the fuel to evaporate and spark the
ignition during cold weather
Annual fuel ethanol production by country
(2007–2013)
World
rank
country 2013 2010 2009 2008 2007
1
United States 13,900.00 13,231.00 10,938.00 9,235.00 6,485.00
2 Brazil
5,573.24 6,921.54 6,577.89 6,472.20 5,019.20
4 China
554.76 541.55 541.55 501.90 486.00
7 India
91.67 66.00 52.80
Chemical Formula: CH3OH , Density: 792 kg/m, Melting point: -97.6 °C
Methanol
Of all the fuel being considered as an alternate to gasoline,
methanol is one of the most promising and experienced
major research and development.
 Methanol, also known as wood alcohol, can be used as an
alternative fuel in flexible fuel vehicles that run on M85
 The benefits include lower emissions, higher performance, and
lower risk of flammability than gasoline
 Methanol can easily be made into hydrogen for hydrogen fuel cell
vehicles in the future.
 Methanol is extremely corrosive, requiring special materials for
delivery and storage.
VEGETABLE OIL
 RUDOLF DIESEL Designed a diesel engine in 1984 to run on
peanut oil.
 The use of vegetable oils for engine fuel may seem insignificant today. But
such oils may become in the course of time as important as petroleum an
coal tar products of the present time.
-An Extract from Diesel’s speech in 1912
 Most diesel car engines are suitable for the use of straight
vegetable oil (SVO), also commonly called pure plant oil (PPO),
with certain modifications. Principally, the viscosity and surface
tension of the SVO/PPO must be reduced by preheating it,
typically by using waste heat from the engine or electricity,
otherwise poor atomization, incomplete combustion
and carbonization may result. One common solution is to add
a heat exchanger and an additional fuel tank for the petrodiesel
or biodiesel blend and to switch between this additional tank and
the main tank of SVO/PPO. The engine is started on diesel,
switched over to vegetable oil as soon as it is warmed up and
switched back to diesel shortly before being switched off to
ensure that no vegetable oil remains in the engine or fuel lines
when it is started from cold again
BIODIESEL
 Biodiesel is a domestically produced, renewable fuel that can be
manufactured from vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled
restaurant greases.
 Biodiesel is safe, biodegradable, and reduces air pollutants such
as particulates, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and air toxics.
 Biodiesel can also be used in its pure form but it may require
certain engine modifications to avoid maintenance and
performance problems and may not be suitable for wintertime
use.
 Need to heat storage tanks in colder climates to prevent the fuel
from gelling
IMPORTANCE OF BIODIESEL
• Environmental friendly
• Clean burning
• Renewable fuel
• No engine modification
• Increase in engine life
• Biodegradable and non-toxic
• Easy to handle and store
• Complete CO2 cycle
• Sulphur free
FATTY ACID METHYL ESTER IS WELL KNOWN MOILECULE FOR VEGETABLE OIL.
 Fatty acid alkyl ester prepared from any oil or fat….
TRANSESTERIFICATION
NO FOSSILE CO2 RELEASED : NO GLOBAAL WARMING
 BIODIESEL CO2 CYCLE
BIODIESEL
Not occur free in nature in useful quantities,
but it is manufactured in a number of ways
HYDROGEN:-
•A potentially emissions-free alternative fuel produced from domestic resources.
Not widely used today as a transportation fuel
Advantages
 Emits only water vapour, assuming there is no leakage of
hydrogen gas
 It can store up to 3x as much energy as conventional
natural gas.
 Produced domestically.
 Environmentally friendly.
Disadvantages
 It still costs a considerable amount of money to run a
hydrogen vehicle
 Dangerous
It is much safer than other fuels in the event of a spill, because natural gas is lighter than
air and disperses quickly when released
 COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS
Advantages
 it can be efficiently and
safely stored.
 more environmentally
friendly due to its low
emissions after burning.
 most of the natural reserves
of natural gas field are
underutilized.
 Improve lubrication
because the cylinders are
not washed by petrol
excess
Disadvantages
 still does create greenhouse
gas emissions.
 highly volatile and can be
dangerous is handled or
transported carelessly.
 they aren't as roomy as
gasoline cars.
 higher overall costs of a
natural-gas vehicle
compared to a gasoline-
powered car.
Alternate fuels ppt
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Alternate fuels ppt

  • 2. ALTERNATE FUELS NAME: RAKESH KUMAR AMANTA ROLL NO: ME-13-76 REGD NO: 1301230207 GROUP:ME2G1 SEMINAR ON Synergy Institute Of Engineering & Technology,Dkl Date:11/08/2016
  • 3. OVERVIEW  Introduction To Alternate Fuels  Why we choose Alternate Fuel ?  Different Types of Alternate Fuels  Road Block for Alternate Fuel !!!  Advantages and Disadvantages of Alcohol Fuels  Biodiesel As alternate fuel  Other possible Fuel  Conclusion  Reference
  • 4. Synergy institute of engineering & Technology . dkl INTRODUCTION Conventional Fuels:-  Fossil fuels (petroleum), coal, and nuclear materials such as uranium. Alternate Fuels:-  Also known as non-conventional fuels’  Highly Oxidized, Sulphur Free, Environmental Friendly  Any materials or substances that can be used as fuels, other than conventional fuels  Example:- Alcohol Fuel, Vegetable Oil,Biodiesel,Natural gas
  • 6. Synergy institute of engineering and Technology, dkl WHY WE CHOOSE ALTERNATE FUEL  Conventional Fuels are going to run out  To reduce pollution  To protect against Global Warming  To save money  Biodegradable and non-toxic  Easy to handle and store  Rural Development
  • 7. Synergy institute of engineering and technology, dkl DIFFERENT TYPES OF ALTERNATE FUELS:-  Alcohol fuels (ethanol & methanol)  Water gasoline mixture  Vegetable oil  Biodiesel  Hydrogen  LPG & CNG  Electricity  benzol etc……
  • 8. The first production car running entirely on ethanol was the Fiat 147, introduced in 1978 in Brazil by Fiat. ETHANOL Ethanol is a renewable, domestically produced alcohol fuel made From plant material, such as corn, sugar cane, or grasses. Using ethanol can reduce oil dependence and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Ethanol fuel use in the U.S. has increased dramatically from about 1.7 billion gallons in 2001 to about 16.4 billion in 2016 Ethanol is also known as ethyl alcohol. It’s the alcohol in beer, wine, rum, vodka, etc. Ethanol was used to fuel some of the first automobiles…
  • 9. Alternate fuels…. ETHANOL  Alcohol-based alternative fuel produced by fermenting and distilling starch crops or cellulose  Most commonly used to increase octane and improve the emissions quality of gasoline.  Can be blended with gasoline to create E85, a blend of 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline.(FLEX FUEL)  An excellent, clean-burning fuel, has a higher octane rating (over 100) and burns cooler than gasoline. High ethanol blends present a problem to achieve enough vapor pressure for the fuel to evaporate and spark the ignition during cold weather
  • 10. Annual fuel ethanol production by country (2007–2013) World rank country 2013 2010 2009 2008 2007 1 United States 13,900.00 13,231.00 10,938.00 9,235.00 6,485.00 2 Brazil 5,573.24 6,921.54 6,577.89 6,472.20 5,019.20 4 China 554.76 541.55 541.55 501.90 486.00 7 India 91.67 66.00 52.80
  • 11. Chemical Formula: CH3OH , Density: 792 kg/m, Melting point: -97.6 °C Methanol Of all the fuel being considered as an alternate to gasoline, methanol is one of the most promising and experienced major research and development.  Methanol, also known as wood alcohol, can be used as an alternative fuel in flexible fuel vehicles that run on M85  The benefits include lower emissions, higher performance, and lower risk of flammability than gasoline  Methanol can easily be made into hydrogen for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in the future.  Methanol is extremely corrosive, requiring special materials for delivery and storage.
  • 12. VEGETABLE OIL  RUDOLF DIESEL Designed a diesel engine in 1984 to run on peanut oil.  The use of vegetable oils for engine fuel may seem insignificant today. But such oils may become in the course of time as important as petroleum an coal tar products of the present time. -An Extract from Diesel’s speech in 1912
  • 13.  Most diesel car engines are suitable for the use of straight vegetable oil (SVO), also commonly called pure plant oil (PPO), with certain modifications. Principally, the viscosity and surface tension of the SVO/PPO must be reduced by preheating it, typically by using waste heat from the engine or electricity, otherwise poor atomization, incomplete combustion and carbonization may result. One common solution is to add a heat exchanger and an additional fuel tank for the petrodiesel or biodiesel blend and to switch between this additional tank and the main tank of SVO/PPO. The engine is started on diesel, switched over to vegetable oil as soon as it is warmed up and switched back to diesel shortly before being switched off to ensure that no vegetable oil remains in the engine or fuel lines when it is started from cold again
  • 14. BIODIESEL  Biodiesel is a domestically produced, renewable fuel that can be manufactured from vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled restaurant greases.  Biodiesel is safe, biodegradable, and reduces air pollutants such as particulates, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and air toxics.  Biodiesel can also be used in its pure form but it may require certain engine modifications to avoid maintenance and performance problems and may not be suitable for wintertime use.  Need to heat storage tanks in colder climates to prevent the fuel from gelling
  • 15. IMPORTANCE OF BIODIESEL • Environmental friendly • Clean burning • Renewable fuel • No engine modification • Increase in engine life • Biodegradable and non-toxic • Easy to handle and store • Complete CO2 cycle • Sulphur free
  • 16. FATTY ACID METHYL ESTER IS WELL KNOWN MOILECULE FOR VEGETABLE OIL.  Fatty acid alkyl ester prepared from any oil or fat…. TRANSESTERIFICATION
  • 17. NO FOSSILE CO2 RELEASED : NO GLOBAAL WARMING  BIODIESEL CO2 CYCLE BIODIESEL
  • 18. Not occur free in nature in useful quantities, but it is manufactured in a number of ways HYDROGEN:-
  • 19. •A potentially emissions-free alternative fuel produced from domestic resources. Not widely used today as a transportation fuel Advantages  Emits only water vapour, assuming there is no leakage of hydrogen gas  It can store up to 3x as much energy as conventional natural gas.  Produced domestically.  Environmentally friendly. Disadvantages  It still costs a considerable amount of money to run a hydrogen vehicle  Dangerous
  • 20. It is much safer than other fuels in the event of a spill, because natural gas is lighter than air and disperses quickly when released  COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS
  • 21. Advantages  it can be efficiently and safely stored.  more environmentally friendly due to its low emissions after burning.  most of the natural reserves of natural gas field are underutilized.  Improve lubrication because the cylinders are not washed by petrol excess Disadvantages  still does create greenhouse gas emissions.  highly volatile and can be dangerous is handled or transported carelessly.  they aren't as roomy as gasoline cars.  higher overall costs of a natural-gas vehicle compared to a gasoline- powered car.