HTN Guidelines: JNC-7, ALLHAT Trial, Treatment StepsTITLE Managing Hypertension: Latest JNC-7 Guidelines Summary TITLE Understanding Hypertension: Causes, Risks, Treatment GoalsTITLE Essential HTN Treatment: JNC-7 Recommendations, Drug ClassesTITLE Silent Killer HTN: Detection, Evaluation, Management Guidelines
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This document discusses guidelines for diagnosing and treating hypertension. Some key points: 1. Hypertension is defined as blood pressure over 140/90 mmHg and risk of cardiovascular disease increases continuously from 115/75 mmHg. 2. Treatment is recommended even without symptoms, as hypertension can cause organ damage. Regular medication is important. 3. Guidelines like JNC-7 and NICE provide evidence-based recommendations on screening, evaluation, goals for blood pressure reduction, and treatment protocols starting with lifestyle changes and preferring thiazide diuretics.
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Similaire à HTN Guidelines: JNC-7, ALLHAT Trial, Treatment StepsTITLE Managing Hypertension: Latest JNC-7 Guidelines Summary TITLE Understanding Hypertension: Causes, Risks, Treatment GoalsTITLE Essential HTN Treatment: JNC-7 Recommendations, Drug ClassesTITLE Silent Killer HTN: Detection, Evaluation, Management Guidelines
Similaire à HTN Guidelines: JNC-7, ALLHAT Trial, Treatment StepsTITLE Managing Hypertension: Latest JNC-7 Guidelines Summary TITLE Understanding Hypertension: Causes, Risks, Treatment GoalsTITLE Essential HTN Treatment: JNC-7 Recommendations, Drug ClassesTITLE Silent Killer HTN: Detection, Evaluation, Management Guidelines (20)
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HTN Guidelines: JNC-7, ALLHAT Trial, Treatment StepsTITLE Managing Hypertension: Latest JNC-7 Guidelines Summary TITLE Understanding Hypertension: Causes, Risks, Treatment GoalsTITLE Essential HTN Treatment: JNC-7 Recommendations, Drug ClassesTITLE Silent Killer HTN: Detection, Evaluation, Management Guidelines
- 1. Look ! Is it necessary to discuss HTN ? Each 2 mmHg rise in SBP is associated with increased risk of mortality:- 7% from heart disease - 10% from stroke. Is it necessary to take medication regularly if I am not having any symptoms? Yes Sir, = you must take . Hypertension is a silent killer. Left untreated cause multiple organ damage. Begins at 115/75 mmHg, CVD risk X2 for each ↑ of 20/10 mmHg.
- 4. Definition •BP OF 140/90 MM HG OR MORE . •EPIDEMIOLOGIC DATA SHOWING CONTINUOUS POSITIVE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE RISK OF CAD AND STROKE DEATHS WITH BP VALUES AS LOW AS 115/75 MM HG •THIS ARTIFICIAL DICHOTOMY BETWEEN “HYPERTENSION” AND “NORMOTENSION” CAN DELAY MEDICAL TREATMENT UNTIL VASCULAR HEALTH HAS BEEN IRREVERSIBLY COMPROMISED . • FOR CERTAIN HIGH-RISK PATIENTS, TREATMENT THRESHOLD HAS BEEN LOWERED TO 130/80 MM HG .
- 5. Where to start? What are the guides? JNC JNC-7: Prevention, Detection, NICE Guideline Evaluation, and Treatment of Canadian Guideline High Blood Pressure The ATP Guideline Guidelines,2003 What is latest? NICE GUIDELINES 2011 UPDATE JNC6: published 1997 JNC 5: published 1992 JNC 4: published 1988 JNC 3: published 1984 JNC 2: published 1980 JNC 1: published 1976
- 6. JNC -7 GUIDELINES Foreword Prevention Detection, Evaluation Treatment DASH Eating Plan Your Guide to Lowering High Blood Pressure Reference Card from the JNC 7 for clinicians; Blood Pressure Wallet Card for patients; Palm application of the JNC 7 Busy recommendations. Clinician’s job became easy.
- 7. Clips from JNC-7 66 chapters 31 tables 17 figures
- 8. age >50yrs, SBP >140 mmHg is a more important CVD risk SALIENT than DBP. FEATURES Begins at 115/75 mmHg, CVD risk X2 for each ↑ of 20/10 mmHg. Normotensive at 55 years of age-90% lifetime risk of developing HTN. Prehypertensive indiv.-BP=120-139/80-89mmHg→LSM. Uncomplicated hypertension-Thiazide diuretic alone/ combined with drugs. ALLHAT TRIAL IS THE Compelling indications BASIS FOR JNC-7 Goal in BP ↓: essential <140/90 mmHg and <130/80 mmHg for patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease. BP is >20 mmHg above the SBP goal or 10 mmHg above the DBP goal, initiation of therapy using two agents, 1st thiazide then ……..other class. Motivation to stay on their treatment plan. Positive experiences, trust & empathy → patient motivation and satisfaction. Physician’s judgment remains paramount JNC-7 only a guide
- 9. ALLHAT ALLHAT TRIAL: Implications • Diuretics should be the drug of choice for first step therapy • For the patient who cannot take a diuretic CCB’s and ACEI’s may be considered. • Most patients require more than one drug. Diuretics should generally be part of the antihypertensive regimen. • Lifestyle advice should also be provided.
- 17. SELECTIVE ANTIHYPERTENSIVE THERAPY FOR WOMEN? • No evidence to suggest that women respond differently to antihypertensive therapy than men • Diuretics may be particularly useful • Adverse effects are more troublesome – ACE inhibitor cough 3 times more common – Dihydropyridine CCB edema more common – Hirsutism with minoxidil intolerable • Treatment outcomes are probably similar
- 18. CBPM ≥140/90 mmHg CBPM ≥160/100 & ABPM/HBPM mmHg & ABPM/HBPM ≥ 135/85 mmHg Stage 1 hypertension ≥ 150/95 mmHg Stage 2 hypertension Care pathway If target organ damage present or Offer antihypertensive 10-year cardiovascular risk > 20% drug treatment Consider specialist If younger than 40 years referral Offer lifestyle interventions Offer patient education and interventions to support adherence to treatment Offer annual review of care to monitor blood pressure, provide support and discuss lifestyle, symptoms and medication
- 19. Aged over 55 years or black person of African or Caribbean family Aged under origin of any age Summary of 55 years antihypertensive drug treatment A C2 Step 1 Key A+C 2 Step 2 A – ACE inhibitor or low-cost angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)1 A+C+D Step 3 C – Calcium-channel blocker (CCB) D – Thiazide-like diuretic Resistant hypertension Step 4 A + C + D + consider further diuretic3, 4 or alpha- or beta-blocker5 Consider seeking expert advice
Notes de l'éditeur
- The three core messages for the ALLHAT antihypertensive trial are: Diuretics should be the drug of choice for first step therapy of hypertension For the patient who cannot take a diuretic (which should be an unusual circumstance), CCB’s and ACEI’s may be considered. Most hypertensive patients require more than one drug. Diuretics should generally be part of the antihypertensive regimen. Lifestyle advice should also be provided.
- NOTES FOR PRESENTERS. Key priority recommendations are identified with [KPI] in these notes Step 1 treatment: Offer people aged under 55 years step 1 antihypertensive treatment with an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or a low-cost angiotensin-II receptor blocker (ARB). If an ACE inhibitor is prescribed and is not tolerated (for example, because of cough), offer a low-cost ARB. [new 2011] [1.6.6] Do not combine an ACE inhibitor with an ARB to treat hypertension. [new 2011] [1.6.7] Offer step 1 antihypertensive treatment with a calcium-channel blocker (CCB) to people aged over 55 years and to black people of African or Caribbean family origin of any age. If a CCB is not suitable, for example because of oedema or intolerance, or if there is evidence of heart failure or a high risk of heart failure, offer a thiazide-like diuretic. [new 2011] [1.6.8] [KPI] If diuretic treatment is to be initiated or changed, offer a thiazide-like diuretic, such as chlortalidone (12.5–25.0 mg once daily) or indapamide (1.5 mg modified-release once daily or 2.5 mg once daily) in preference to a conventional thiazide diuretic such as bendroflumethiazide or hydrochlorothiazide. [new 2011] [1.6.9] [KPI] For people who are already having treatment with bendroflumethiazide or hydrochlorothiazide and whose blood pressure is stable and well controlled, continue treatment with the bendroflumethiazide or hydrochlorothiazide. [new 2011] [1.6.10] [KPI] Related recommendations: Recommendations 1.6.11 and 1.6.12 have not been updated and reviewed since ‘Hypertension’ (NICE clinical guideline 34, 2006). Step 2 treatment If blood pressure is not controlled by step 1 treatment, offer step 2 treatment with a CCB in combination with either an ACE inhibitor or an *ARB. [new 2011] [1.6.13] If a CCB is not suitable for step 2 treatment, for example because of oedema or intolerance, or if there is evidence of heart failure or a high risk of heart failure, offer a thiazide-like diuretic. [new 2011] [1.6.14] For black people of African or Caribbean family origin, consider an ARB* in preference to an ACE inhibitor, in combination with a CCB. [new 2011] [1.6.15] *Choose a low-cost ARB Additional information : the pathway above focuses on stage 1 and 2 hypertension. For the full care pathway see page 35 of the NICE guideline.
- NOTES FOR PRESENTERS. Key priority recommendations are identified with [KPI] in these notes. Step 3 treatment Before considering step 3 treatment, review medication to ensure step 2 treatment is at optimal or best tolerated doses. [new 2011] [1.6.16] If treatment with three drugs is required, the combination of ACE inhibitor (or angiotensin-II receptor blocker), calcium-channel blocker and thiazide-like diuretic should be used. [2006] [1.6.17] Step 4 treatment Regard clinic blood pressure that remains higher than 140/90 mmHg after treatment with the optimal or best tolerated doses of an ACE inhibitor or an ARB plus a CCB plus a diuretic as resistant hypertension, and consider adding a fourth antihypertensive drug and/or seeking expert advice. [new 2011] [1.6.18] For treatment of resistant hypertension at step 4 : Consider further diuretic therapy with low-dose spironolactone 4 (25 mg once daily) if the blood potassium level is 4.5 mmol/l or lower. Use particular caution in people with a reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate because they have an increased risk of hyperkalaemia. Consider higher-dose thiazide-like diuretic treatment if the blood potassium level is higher than 4.5 mmol/l. [new 2011] [1.6.19] [KPI] When using further diuretic therapy for resistant hypertension at step 4, monitor blood sodium and potassium and renal function within 1 month and repeat as required thereafter. [new 2011] [1.6.20] If further diuretic therapy for resistant hypertension at step 4 is not tolerated, or is contraindicated or ineffective, consider an alpha- or beta-blocker. [new 2011] [1.6.21] If blood pressure remains uncontrolled with the optimal or maximum tolerated doses of four drugs, seek expert advice if it has not yet been obtained. [new 2011] [1.6.22] Footnotes (1) Choose a low-cost ARB. (2) A CCB is preferred but consider a thiazide-like diuretic if a CCB is not tolerated or the person has oedema, evidence of heart failure or a high risk of heart failure. (3) Consider a low dose of spironolactone 4 or higher doses of a thiazide-like diuretic. (4) At the time of publication (August 2011), spironolactone did not have a UK marketing authorisation for this indication. Informed consent should be obtained and documented. (5) Consider an alpha- or beta-blocker if further diuretic therapy is not tolerated, or is contraindicated or ineffective.