Construction safety

Construction is the most dangerous
land based work sector. The problem is not
that the hazards and risks are unknown, it
is that they are very difficult to control in a
constantly changing work environment. So,
in every year, many people fall victim to
injury, harm and even death through
accidents on construction sites.
CONSTRUCTION SAFETY

The most common cause of fatalities to
workers in the construction sector over the
past nine years were
falls from
heights (49.6%)
roofs (17.6%)
ladders (12.0%)
scaffolds (11.2%)
openings or stairways (4.8%)
and others (4.0%)
CONSTRUCTION SAFETY

IMPORTANCE
 Life & property
 Proper management of construction works
 Safe the total construction cost
 Reduce workers compensation claims
 Improved employee morale & satisfaction
 Increased productivity
 Reduced insurance cost

Safety Condition in Bangladesh
The construction industry is considered
as one of the most hazardous industrial
sectors wherein the construction workers
are more prone to accidents.
In developed countries such as United
Kingdom and United States of America,
there is strict legal enforcement of safety in
the construction industry and also in the
implementation of safety management
systems which are designed to minimize or
eliminate accidents at work places.
However, occupational safety in
construction industry is very poor in
developing countries such as Bangladesh.

In bangladesh maximum working site
is risky and full of danger. The workers are
not conscious about their own safety.they
are even ignorant about the danger.the
construction management have to conscious
about the construction safety of the
workers.We think ,the preventive technique
can minimize those hazards and save many
life.
Safety Condition in Bangladesh

Construction Accidents in
Bangladesh
According to Bangladesh Occupational
Safety, Health and Environment
Foundation (OSHE)
107 workers are died and 195 workers
are seriously injured.

SAFETY MEASURES
Safety measures in different types
of civil engineering construction are
followed:
Safety measures in –
 Building construction
 Bridge construction
 Road construction

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
 Preventive measures:
Employers should:
 Have Site Safety Plans addressing potential
hazards which could lead to injury or death.
 Ensure that roof openings are not left
unprotected, unguarded, or uncovered.
 Equip all workers on the roof with fall protection.
A retractable lanyard would allow the helper to
do his job and still have fall protection.
 Require that all hazards on the site be
communicated on an ongoing basis to all workers
in the area

BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION
 The system designs should be flexible.
 The platform is supported on cables
fastened in equal intervals
 Platform installation, redeployment and
removal proceed quickly with minimal
traffic disruption.
 Side tarps should be create a full enclosure

ROAD CONSTRUCTION
 Using sign, signals & road markings
 Maintaining traffic speed
 Railing should be provided in hilly roads
 Removed disturbed vehicles
 Construction materials should have
better quality
 Over loading vehicles should not be
permitted on the road
 Super elevation ,gradient & curvature
should be maintained

Root Causes for Construction
Accidents
 Inadequate construction planning & scheduling
 Lack of proper training
 Deficient enforcement of training
 Unsafe equipment
 Unsafe methods or sequencing
 Unsafe site conditions
 Not using safety equipment that was provided

 Poor communication
 Lack of ineffective supervision
 Absence of safety rules and safe work
procedure
 Lack of enforcement of safety rules and safe
work procedure.
 Defective machinery on site
 Falling structure or loads, defective
scaffolding, forklifts etc.
Root Causes for Construction
Accidents

Construction accidents
Scaffolding accidents
Welding accidents
Trench accidents
Toxic gas attack

 Construction Site Falls
 Crane Accidents
 Run-Over by Operating Equipment
 Electrical Accidents
 Fires and Explosions
 Unsafe/ Dangerous Equipment Accidents
 Logging Accidents

Elevator Accidents
Structure Failure
Building Collapse
Supervisor Negligence
Fork Lift Accidents
 Dumpster Accidents
Compressor Accidents
Exploding Compressor
Gas Explosions

Workers may die or be injured if scaffold
equipment and fall protection systems or
misused are defective.
Scaffolding Accidents

Hazard associated with
Scaffolding
1. People falling from the working platforms
2. People below the working platform being
struck by material falling or being thrown
from it.
3. The scaffold or part of it collapsing and
throwing people from the working
platform
4. The collapse scaffold causing damage the
adjacent property.

 Negligence on the part of the improper
construction or maintenance.
 Low capacity of the side brackets
 Loose bonding of scaffolding.
 Weak scaffolding material.
Causes

 Scaffold must be sound,
rigid
 Scaffold must be equipped
with guardrails, mid rails
and toe boards
 Scaffold must not be
erected, moved or altered
except under the
supervision of a
competent person.
Prevention

 Use of a competent person to inspect
scaffolds and equipment before use
Use of scaffold components capable of
supporting proper loads
Proper shielding of ropes from corrosive
processes or heat
Use of both guardrail systems and body
belt or harness systems for work from
suspension scaffolds
The proposed regulations provide general
requirements for all scaffolds

Welding Accidents
Welding can be a very dangerous job,
and is often the cause of accidents on
construction sites . The hazards of welding
are many and can be very serious.
This is especially true when you think
about the more than 500,000 workers that
are injured annually from welding, cutting
and braising. The risk of fatal injury is
more than four deaths per thousand over
a working lifetime.

Welding accidents
 The ultra violet rays emitted by the welding
process can give a very bad burn to not only
exposed skin, but also to the lens of the eye.
 UV rays in welding can cause eye injury what
is called “arc eye” .
 Excessive heat can burn skins.
 Excessive noise
 Fire and excessive heat
 Electrical shock
 Ultraviolet (UV) radiation
Causes

 Using a welder’s mask properly can
eliminate this types of accidents.
 Wear appropriate Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE) such as aprons,
gloves, leggings, and footwear.
 A trained fire watch must be posted to
look for fires during and after the
welding job.
 Combustible and flammable materials
must be cleared from the welding area.
Welding accidents
Prevention

Trench accidents
Every accident that occurs on a
construction site can be horrific, but
trench accidents seem to be the
worst of all.
Causes
 A machine working too near the edge of
the support wall.
 A recent hard rain it could shift the gravel
and end up collapsing.
 Improper shoring that can cause a cave in.

 Never enter an unprotected trench.
 Always use a protective system for
trenches feet deep or greater.
 Employ a registered professional
engineer to design a protective
system for trenches 20 feet deep or
greater.
 Keep spoils at least two feet back
from the edge of a trench
.Trench accidents
Solutions

Trench accidents
 Keep heavy machines far from edge
of supporting wall.
 If there is a heavy rain, one should
protect the edge with some sort of
sheet.
 Construction site should be
examined by the engineer daily
before starting of day’s work.
Solutions

Face Shields
 Full face protection
 Protects face from dusts and splashes or
sprays of hazardous liquids
 Does not protect from impact hazards
 Wear safety glasses or goggles underneath

Toxic gas attack
Causes
 Presence of carbon monoxide in tanks.
 Leakage of methane from cylinder.
 Presence of excessive carbon di oxide in
air in a underground basement.

Toxic gas attack
Prevention
 By using the gas mask the inhalation can
be prevent.
 By lighting a candle in the place the
presence of these gases can be traced.
 A free circulation of air should be done
before working at the place.

Every year, many people fall
victim to injury, harm and even
death through accidents on
construction sites. These sites are
rife with danger, but most sites
follow strict health and safety rules
to ensure that these dangers are not
a threat to the workers on the site.
Construction Injuries

Construction injuries vary greatly based
on the type of work being performed and
the circumstances surrounding the
environment and the individual that is
affected. Although many construction
injuries are minor, serious consequences
must not be overlooked. Traumatic
injuries and even death may result from the
negligence of coworkers or the failure to
follow established safety procedures.
Construction Injuries

Types of Construction Injuries
 Head Injury
 Severed Nerve
 Coma
 Cumulative Trauma Disorder
 Spinal Cord Injuries
 Paralysis
 Death Severe Gashes
 Burn Injuries

Types of Construction Injuries
 Loss of Limb
 Infected Wounds
 Dislocations
 Broken/Fractured Bones
 Blinding Injuries
 Hearing Loss

Head Injury
Construction workers are required to
take the well-known safety precaution of
wearing a hard hat to prevent head injury.
Unfortunately, hard hats are not barriers to all
forms of head injuries that can happen at a
construction site.
Traumatic brain injury, closed head
injury, concussion, and coma may result from
a variety of hazardous situations at a work
site. These conditions can lead to long-term
complications and death.

Severed Nerve
Nerve damage can occur as a result of injury
or swelling. In extreme cases, nerves may be
completely severed. When this occurs, a variety of
medical conditions may result that may be
irreparable.
A severed nerve may cause paralysis of the
affected limb or a loss of sensation. When the
nerve affected is crucial to one's everyday life, a
severed nerve injury can pose insurmountable
challenges. Construction workers rely on their
physical capabilities to perform day-to-day work.
When they are limited, their entire livelihood is
likely to suffer.

Coma
A coma is a deep state of
unconsciousness. A patient suffering from a
coma is alive but unable to move or respond
to the environment around him or her.
When a coma results from a head
trauma, the condition may be followed by a
persistent vegetative state or death. For
patients who emerge from a coma, even a
partial recovery may be a gradual process.

Spinal Cord Injuries
The spinal cord is a vital part of the human body. It
carries sensory signals and motor control to most of the
skeletal muscles in the body, and nearly every voluntary
muscle in the body below the head relies on the spinal
cord for control.
The severity of spinal cord injuries is often
dependent upon the level of segments affected.
Paraplegia is the paralysis of the lower extremities and is
most likely to occur at a lower level of injury than
quadriplegia, which affects both the arms and the legs.

Burn Injuries
Unfortunately, burn injuries are a very real risk
at construction sites. With copious amounts of
heated water, steam, chemicals, and electricity found
at work sites, a variety of burn injuries may occur
that can have severe long-term consequences.
Burn injuries are both slow to heal and
extremely painful, with the pain lasting throughout
the healing process and for years to follow. Burn
survivors often require extensive care that is not
cheap, and families of burn victims often must do
battle with a sudden unexpected injury that has
forever changed their lives.

Broken/Fractured Bones
A bone fracture takes place when a bone
becomes splintered, cracked, or bisected as a
result of physical trauma.
There are many ways a construction
worker may suffer broken or fractured bones
on the work site.

Blinding Injuries
It can be argued that humans rely on the sense of
sight more than any other method of perception. It is a
tragedy when one loses their ability to see clearly as a
result of a construction accident.
Eye injuries are the leading cause of vision loss in
one eye throughout the world. Eye injuries can cause
blindness, the loss of an eye, and other eye disorders
that significantly impair one's ability to see. Such injuries
can often be prevented through effective safety
measures that are initiated and enforced at the
managerial or supervisory level.

Hearing Loss
Hearing loss is defined as a decrease in one's
ability to hear and perceive auditory information.
Although some forms of hearing loss can be
reversed with medical treatment, many others lead
to a permanent disability such as deafness.
Hearing loss can be caused by physical trauma
such as damage to the ear or brain centers that
process aural information. Alternatively, hearing loss
can progressively occur from exposure to very loud
noise over time. This is of particular concern to
construction workers who often perform their duties
at extremely loud and busy work sites

Workplace safety
1. Management leadership and
commitment
2. Employee engagement
3. Accountability
4. Safety programs, policies, and plans
5. Safety processes, procedures, and
practices
6. Safety education and training
7. Hazad identification

Construction safety

Construction safety

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