This presentation was used in Euro Arab Training Course “SMART GRID AND INTEGRATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY”. The course took place 25 – 29 April 2016

1. Towards a new model of
Energy Development
Proyectoinvestigador
UN Photo/Eskinder Debebe.
www.un.org/av/photo

2. Proyectoinvestigador
CONTENTS
1- SDGs (General introduction firts and then energy + climate change goals)
(10-15 mins) Joaquin/Javier
2- Sustainable Energy for All (3 main areas: Universal access to energy,
renewables and energy efficiency) + Indicators for the MENA region in the 3
areas) (15-20 mins) Joaquin
3- Energy Efficiency in urban areas (New buildings, design state of the art,
existing buildings, energy mapping, examples) (20 mins) Javier
4- National and Rural planning. Planning and tracking tools (15 mins)
Joaquin
5- Distributed micro grids and mobile payment systems. Shared Solar (20-25
mins) Sebastian
6- Q&A (30 mins) All

3. https://sustainabledevelopme
nt.un.org/?menu=1300
Goals

4. Goals
https://sustainabledevelopme
nt.un.org/?menu=1300

5. EU28 Primary Energy Consumption 1990-2014
http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-
explained/index.php/File:EU28PrimaryEnergyConsumption1990_2014
.png
Goals

6. EU28 Final energy consumption by sector,
1990-2013, ktoe
http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-
explained/images/2/2e/Final_energy_consumption_by_sector%2C_EU
-28%2C_1990-2013%2C_ktoe.png
Goals

7. EU28 Final energy consumption by sector,
1990-2013, ktoe
http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-
explained/images/2/2e/Final_energy_consumption_by_sector%2C_EU
-28%2C_1990-2013%2C_ktoe.png
Goals

8. Goals
DECIDES that, until a global and comprehensive post-
2012 agreement is concluded, and without prejudice to
its position in international negotiations, the EU
makes a firm independent commitment to achieve at
least a 20% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by
2020 compared to 1990.
COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,
Brussels, 20 February 2007
European Targets 20-20-20

9. Goals
In the light of the positions taken by the European
Parliament, the Council and the Commission, it is
appropriate to establish mandatory national targets
consistent with a 20 % share of energy from renewable
sources and a 10 % share of energy from renewable sources
in transport in Community energy consumption by 2020.
DIRECTIVE 2009/28/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL
of 23 April 2009
on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources and amending and subsequently repealing
Directives 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC
European Targets 20-20-20

10. Goals
Directive pursuing the overall objective of the energy
efficiency target of saving 20 % of the Union’s primary
energy consumption by 2020, and of making further energy
efficiency improvements after 2020.
DIRECTIVE 2012/27/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL
of 25 October 2012
on energy efficiency, amending Directives 2009/125/EC and 2010/30/EU and repealing Directives
2004/8/EC and 2006/32/EC
Bearing in mind that the Council conclusions of 10 June 2011
on the Energy Efficiency Plan 2011 stressed that buildings
represent 40 % of the Union’s final energy consumption
European Targets 20-20-20

11. http://www.unep.org/sbci/pdfs/SBCI-
BCCSummary.pdf
Goals

12. http://www.unep.org/sbci/pdfs/SBCI-
BCCSummary.pdf
Goals

13. Howtodoit
Targets
Reduce CO2 emissions
Use of Renewable Energies Use better energy models
Reduce energy consumption
Energy efficient design of building
More efficient facilities
Use of Renewable Energies
Strategies

14. The conceptual design phase of a building is the best time to integrate
sustainable strategies. When these mechanisms are put into action at
the very beginning of the construction phase, this reduces
implementation costs as compared to when they are installed in
subsequent stages of construction.
(Ekici BB, Aksoy UT. Prediction of building energy needs in early stage of design by using
ANFIS. Expert Systems with Applications. 2006)
Energyefficientdesignofbuilding
Niveles típicos de costo y dotación de personal durante
el ciclo de vida del proyecto. Fuente: Handbook PMI (2008)
Reduce energy consumption

15. Shape factor= Building length/Building depth
Torre Picasso.
1988. Madrid.
Aksoy and Inalli studied the relation
between building orien-tation and heat
demand. For this purpose, they used
three models with different shape
factors (1/1, 1/2 and 2/1), with and
without heating insulation on the fac¸
ade. They rotated the buildings 80º, and
obtained data at 10º intervals.
Reduce energy consumption
Energyefficientdesignofbuilding

16. By combining shape factor,
orientation, and heating
insulation, a heating energy
saving rate of up to 36%
was achieved
(Teoman et al, 2006).
Shape factor= Building length/Building depth
Reduce energy consumption
Energyefficientdesignofbuilding

17. Influencia del aislamiento
Çomakli K, Yüksel B. Optimum insulation thickness of external walls for energy
saving. Applied Thermal Engineering 2003; 23: 473-479.
They use Net Present Value (NPV) to obtain the optimal thick insulation in
facades
Reduce energy consumption
Energyefficientdesignofbuilding

18. Sombras y aleros
Robert y Jones [Robert E, Jones Jr. Effects of overhang shading of windows having
arbitrary azimuth. Solar Energy 1980; 24: 305-312] Desarrollan un método para
calcular las dimensiones óptimas del alero para una localización concreta.
Cuando se superan estas dimensiones, a pesar de reducirse la radiación recibida en
verano, no se compensan las pérdidas producidas en invierno debido a una reducción
del calor solar recibido.
Chase Manhattan Bank. Panamá
Arquitectos: Skidmore Owings and Merril
Reduce energy consumption
Energyefficientdesignofbuilding

19. Examples of self-shading buildings
Capeluto, IG. Energy performance of the self-shading building envelope. Energy and Buildings
2003; 35: 327-336.
An appropriate building design can cause the building to shade itself without
the need of additional elements. This can be beneficial especially in the case
of isolated buildings that are subject to excessive quantities of direct solar
radiation. This idea led to the concept of self-shading.
Temple City Hall, Arizona Banco de Israel City Hall, Boston
Reduce energy consumption
Energyefficientdesignofbuilding

20. Some examples. LED lamp
Picture: http://www.acssolar.com.au/led/
A standard 50W halogen lamp turns 90% of electricity used into heat with
only 10% into light. The benefit of LED Lights are that they use only 15% of
the energy a standard halogen uses, provide up to 85% of the light output and
create less heat.
More efficient facilities
Energyefficientdesignofbuilding

21. Some examples. Efficient household
appliances
Picture: http://www.turnbackthetide.ca/
More efficient facilities
Energyefficientdesignofbuilding

22. Some examples. Use renewable energy.
Biomass heating boilers
Picture: http://www.clickrenovables.com/blog/calefaccion-con-biomasa-en-escuela-
de-la-provincia-de-barcelona/
More efficient facilities
Energyefficientdesignofbuilding

23. Some examples. Use renewable energy.
Solar Thermal Energy
Picture: http://www.inserteciberia.com/
More efficient facilities
Energyefficientdesignofbuilding

24. Some examples. Use renewable energy.
Geothermal Heating and Cooling
Picture: foroenergias.blogspot.com
More efficient facilities
Energyefficientdesignofbuilding

25. How is the Energy Consumption
Energy Models
State of the art of the different approaches applicable to
energy consumption modeling
Energymodels
Use better energy models

26. Classification approach
1. Classification depending on the relative position of building sector: top-
down and bottom-up models
2. Classification depending on the detail of the information required: white,
black and grey methods
3. Classification depending on the energy data acquisition approach
Review of selected realizations & results
1. R&D on white-box / physical / forward models
2. R&D on black-box / statistical / inverse models
3. .3. R&D on grey box / hybrid models
4. R&D on occupancy models
26
Use better energy models
Energymodels

27. Classification on energy consumption models can be
based on several criteria:
• Relative position of building sector
 Top-down models analyse global energy consumption
data to characterize the residential sector consumption
globally
 Bottom-up models estimate the energy consumption
of a housing individually and extrapolated to regional
or national levels
Energymodels

28. Classification on energy consumption models can be
based on several criteria:
• Detail of the information required
 White box: also called physical models. The physical
phenomenon existing in the building are solved by a set of
equations describing the behavior of the heat transfer. A deep
level of detail of the description of the building geometry and
material properties is required to run the model
 Black box: based on the implementation of a function deduced
only from samples of training data describing the behavior of a
specific system
 Grey box: combine white and black models. represent a balance
between the good generalization capability of white model and
high accuracy of black models
Energymodels

29. Classification on energy consumption models can be
based on several criteria:
• Energy data acquisition approach
Energymodels

30. Bill-based approach:
• Measurement-based quantification approach
• Cost-effective and easily applicable
• The results are more general than in others methodologies
• It needs of collecting fuel bills from building manager
• For a more detailed assessment, an energy disaggregation
methods is necessary to obtain energy consumption by end use
• Load consumption of each consumer can not be directly
identified
• Not enough for an energy performance assessment
• More difficult for implementing innovation approaches
Energymodels

31. Monitoring-based approach:
• It provides more accurate and detailed
energy use information
• It provides such accuracy and detail
• It needs of sophisticated metering systems
or platforms to collect data
• It is more difficult to implement
• It is less difficult to extrapolate to other environments
• Innovation is higher in this method
• Long monitoring term is necessary to collect enough data for
building a model
Energymodels

32. Dynamic simulations:
• Dynamic methods capture building and
system dynamics resulting into calculation
complexity often implemented through
detailed simulation
• Based on physical principles
• Calculation-based methods
• It is the method that provides the most detailed results
• More complex than the others
• It needs an important development effort and high granularity
of inputs
• Very specific to a certain Building, but adaptable to others
Energymodels

33. 33
Use of energy mapping tools to help
municipal governments and utilities
make better plans for energy efficiency
and conservation.
Energymodels

34. 34
Modi Research Group Creates Map of Energy Use in NYC
http://sel.columbia.edu/nycenergy/
Energymodels

35. Mr. Antonio Bueno
(from City Town of
Motril) and LIDS
(UGR) Creates Map of
Social Data, Water
Supply and Energy in
the City of Motril
(Granada)
Energymodels

36. DATA
Mapping.
• Social data: population, age,
number of members of the family,
etc
• Water consumption. Data base of
watter supply company (water
bills of the consumers)
• Electricity (Database. Smart
metering of the electricity supply
company)
• Gas consumption. Database of
gas supply company (water bills
of the consumers)
Energymodels
Orden Ministerial
ITC/3860/2007.
Mandatory before
31th December,
2018

37. Energymodels
Sample of results: Buildings where people older 65 years live

38. Energymodels
Sample of results: Water consumption

39. Energymodels
Sample of results: Buildings wher water consumption is zero

40. SIN CONSUMO
ANUAL CON
EMPADRONADOS
Energymodels
Sample of results: Buildings wher water consumption is zero but
there are people living acoording the census. Could there be froud.

41. Energymodels
Sample of results: Electricity consumption