1. Reported speech

2. REPORTED SPEECH
• How we report another person’s words;
• How we restate what someone said
* restate - express again, say again, state a new

3. Quoted Speech v. Reported speech
Quoted speech =
Teacher said, “I like birthdays.”
Reported speech =
Teacher said she liked birthdays..
Uses the exact word of the speaker
Doesn’t use the exact word of the speaker
Direct speech
Indirect speech

4. Quoted Speech v. Reported speech
Quoted speech =
Uses quotation marks “ ”.
Reported speech =
Doesn’t use quotation marks.

5. Quoted Speech v. Reported speech
Quoted speech =
Teacher said, “I like birthdays.”
“I like birthdays” , teacher said.
“I like birthdays” , said teacher.
Reported speech =
Teacher said she liked birthdays.

6. SAY v TELL
• Both say and tell reporting verbs.
• We often use tell if we name the speaker
and the listener.
She told us that she is over 30.

7. SAY v TELL
We can use say to name the listener, too, but
it’s not as common:
• She said to us she is over 30.
[okay]
• She told us she is over 30.
[More natural]

8. SAY v TELL
 If you use say to name the speaker and the
listener use to.
Don’t use to after tell.
• She said to us that she is over 30.
• She told us that she is over 30.

9. SAY v TELL
 Summary of reported statements.
• Who? + SAID + (that)…
She said that she is over 30.
• Who? + TOLD + Whom? + (that) …
She told us she is over 30.

10. REPORTED QUESTION 1
• Uses ‘ask’
Direct question =
“Where is the birthday cake? “, she asked.
Reported question =
She asked me where the birthday cake was.

11. Direct question begins:
* an auxiliary (be, do, have)
* a modal verb (can, may, etc),
then the reported question is introduced with
if or whether.
Direct question =
He asked, “Is teacher there?”
Reported question =
He asked me if/whether teacher was there.
REPORTED QUESTION 2

12. Report John’s questions.
1. Have you travelled abroad?
2. Who is your favourite actor?
3. Have you got any pets?
4. Can you drive?
5. Where do you live?
6. When did you move here?
John asked if/whether I had travelled abroad.
John asked who my favourite actor was.
John asked if/whether I had got some pets.
John asked if/whether I could drive.
John asked where I lived.
John asked when I had moved here.

13. Reported commands
• Uses verbs ask or tell +sb+(not) to infinitive
Direct order Reported order
Be quiet! She asked us to be quiet.
Direct order Reported order
Don’t talk! She told us not to talk.

14. Read the list of introduction and turn them into
reported speech
•Pay the telephone bill 
•Water the plants 
•Cut the grass X
•Call your grandmother to wish her a
happy birthday 
•Iron clothes X
•Buy groceries 
They told her to pay the telephone bill.
They told her not to cut the grass.
They told her to call your grandmother to
wish her a happy birthday.
They told her not to iron clothes
They told her buy groceries
They told her to water the plants.

15. We learned that reported speech is indirect
speech, meaning it doesn’t use the exact words
of the speaker.
So if we don’t use the, exact words, which
words do we use? Which words stay same and
which words change? How do they change?
We’ll begin to understand the answers. To
these questions in this lesson. As we talk about
most logical changes first: changes to reference
words
*reference = words that are use to talk about a certain person or
thing, not by the name

16. Our focus
What are reference words?
How do we need to change in the reported
speech?
Reference words
= words that are use to talk about a certain
person or thing, not by the name

17. I have a spring birthday. My
birthday is in March. I don’t
like to tell people how old I
am . I keeps my age to myself.
Example of reference words

18. Example of reference words
Teacher has a spring birthday.
Her birthday is in March. She
doesn’t like to tell people
how old she is. She keeps her
age to herself.

19. Types of reference words
o Pronoun (Who?, Whom?)
I, you, me, him, myself….
o Possessive adjectives ( Whose?)
My, your, his, our….

20. Changing pronouns
Example:
• “I made the cake myself,” Emma said.
Emma said she made the cake herself

21. Changing possessive adjectives
• Example:
• “The cake is for my Mom,” Emma said.
Emma said the cake was for her Mom.

22. Exercise 1
Complete the changes for each reported
statement.
o “My birthday is in May,” said Bileg.
o Bileg said ______birthday was in May.his(Whose?)

23. o 1. Tom said, “It’s my mother’s birthday , so
I’m taking her out to dinner.”
o Tom told us it was ____ mother’s birthday ,
so _____ was taking her out to dinner.
o 2. Steve and Lisa said “, We’ll bring some wine
to the party.”
o Steve and Lisa said _____would bring some
wine to the party.
his
he
they

24. o 3. “I bought a present for my cousin,” Anna
said.
o Anna said _______ had bought a present for
_____cousin.
she
her

25. Careful!
• 4. We’ll buy you a plane ticket for your
birthday so you can visit us, said my
grandparents.
• _____ grandparents told ____that ______
would buy ____a plane ticket for ___
birthday so ____ could visit _____.
My me they
my
I them
me

26. Okay so we’ve talked about changing pronouns
and possessive adjectives.
There is another group of reference words that we
need to address.
Those are words that refer to time and place.
Let’s talk about those now.

27. OTHER
REFERENCE WORDS
Time and Place

28. Changing time and place words
• Much time can pass between when
words are said and when words are
reported. The place where words are
spoken and place where words are
reported can also be different. That’s
why reference words for time and place
change in reported speech.

29. Changing Time Words
• Example:
• “There’s a big party tonight,” said Julie
[Saturday]
Julie said there was a big party last night.
[Sunday]
Julie said there was a big party that night.
[a few weeks later]

30. Changing Place Words
Example:
• “The party will be here in my home,”
said Mike.
Mike said that the party would be
there in his home.

31. Common Changes in Reported Speech
TIME
“today” that day/yesterday
“tomorrow” the next day/ the
following day
“yesterday” the day before
“now” then/at that moment/
at that time

32. Common Changes in Reported Speech
• PLACE
“here” there
“this” that
“these” those
Note: There, that, and those in quoted speech must
often change to here, this, and these.

33. Exercise 2
Complete the changes for each
reported statement.

34. • “I can bring the cake there to your house,”
said Jack.
• Jack said that he could bring the cake _____
to my house.
here
Example

35. • “I’ll buy balloons tomorrow,” said Wendy.
• Wendy said she would buy balloons
_____________ .
• [a week later]
the next day
Also: following day

36. 2. My friends said, “This restaurant is a great
place to celebrate your birthday.”
My friends said ______ restaurant was a great
place to celebrate my birthday.
that

37. • 3. “I didn’t see you at the party yesterday,”
Drake said.
• Drake said he hadn’t seen me at the party
________ .
[a week later]
the day before

38. • 4. “We need to get ready now,” my husband
told me.
• My husband told me that we had to get
ready ________________.at that moment
Also: then or right then

39. Report John’s questions.
1. Have you travelled abroad?
2. Who is your favourite actor?
3. Have you got any pets?
4. Can you drive?
5. Where do you live?
6. When did you move here?
John asked if/whether I had travelled abroad.
John asked who my favourite actor was.
John asked if/whether I had got some pets.
John asked if/whether I could drive.
John asked where I lived.
John asked when I had moved here.