Chapter 2: History of Educational Technology and information and communication technology

1. ****************

6. • Development of agricultural
technology, fishing techniques,
domesticating animals and
establishment of permanent
homes
• Developed metal technology
using copper and bronze

7. • Resorting to iron
smelting
technology
• This age was the
last period prior to
the discovery of
writing

8. • Paul Saettler (2004)
• Tribal Priest
introduced bodies of
knowledge and sign
writing or
pictographs

9. • Harrapan People
developed
pictographic
script
• Making tools
of length,
mass and
time

10. Chinese Civilization
Technology in
paper,
seismological
detectors, toilet
paper, matches,
iron plough and etc.
Chinese Civilization
The invention of
different
handmade paper
products as a
visual aids.

11. Egyptian Language
Hieroglyph- made
up of pictures of
real things and
made up above
500 hieroglyphs

12. China during early 2nd cent. A.D.
Paper and pulp
papermaking process,
discovery of spinning
wheel increased the
productivity of thread
making process

13. Lynn white
Added the increasing
supply of rags which
lead to the
production of cheap
paper which the
prime factor of
printing technology

14. In 1450 A.D. ,
Gutenburg took
place the invention
of printing press.
Johannes Gutenburg
(German Inventor)

15. Using gadget like
slate, horn book,
blackboard and
chalk
Using Audio Visual
Education
1873, in Vienna

16. Maria Montessori
In 1870-1952, a child
educator, introduced
the Montessori
Method , a graded
designed activities
for the proper
sequencing of
subject matter for
each learner

17. Charles Babage
1883
Designed a general
purpose computing
devise laid the
foundation of
modern computer

18. 1929, Germany
Practical use of
regular television
broadcast. And the
Olympic Games in
1936 in Berlin
1950, open circuit t.v. begun to
broadcast entertainment
1960, television was used in
education
1966, O.K. Moore made a talking type
tutorial computer assisted instruction
( CAI)
1974, computers were used in
schools, colleges and universities

19. 1952, 20 states had the provision
of educational broadcasting
1960, educational technology begun
from America and Russia, then spread
to England, Europe
and India
1960, Micro Teaching technique
was developed by Dwight W. Allen
and his co-workers at Stanford
University in USA
Today’s classroom, like technology
laboratory such as seminars,
conferences , power point and online
learning facility

20. 5 Stages Educational Technology Development
Use of Aids
( Charts, Symbols, Models)
Audio-Visual
Aids

21. 5 Stages Educational Technology Development
Introduction of
Electronics
(Hardware and Software)
(Projector, tape recorder,
and television)

22. 5 Stages Educational Technology Development
The use of
Communication
(Computer-assisted
Instruction)

23. 5 Stages Educational Technology Development
Programmed learning
and programmed
institution
(self learning with
teaching machines)

24. 5 Stages Educational Technology Development
System engineering
or system approach
(focuses language
laboratory)

25. Information and Communication
United Nations
Educational, Scientific
and Cultural
Organization
(UNESCO)
Uses the term ICT’s
(Information and
Communication)
Includes hardware,
software, and
telecommunication

26. Late 1970’s – Early 1980: Programming, drill and practice
The use of teaching
automated data
processing (ADP)
using Nokia
MikroMikko
They mainly
stimulating students
short term memory

27. Late 1970’s – Early 1980: Computer Based Training
with multimedia
Advanced graphics
Learned better by watching movies or
animations and listening to audios

28. Early 1990’s: Internet-Based Training (IBT)
Adoption of
the World
Wide Web
The E-learning
didn’t make
people very
smart

29. Early 1990’s – Early 2000: E-learning
Learning Management System (LMS)
created because of e-learning course

30. Blogs and wikis,
Social constructivist
theory and cultural-
historical psychology
Late 2000: Social Software+ Free
and Open Content
Mikhail Bakhtin and
Lev Nygotsky
“all higher (mental)
functions originate as
actual relations between
human individuals”