1) CAADP is the African Union's framework to develop African agriculture through achieving 6% annual agricultural growth, allocating 10% of national budgets to agriculture, and halving poverty and hunger. 2) Progress has been made with agricultural growth increasing since 2002 and more countries allocating over 10% of budgets to agriculture, however full targets have not been met. 3) While some countries have seen reductions in poverty and hunger in line with MDG1, only a few are currently on track to achieve both poverty and hunger reduction goals.

1. Review of CAADP Progress
Babatunde Omilola
Coordinator, Regional Strategic Analysis and Knowledge Support System (ReSAKSS)
IFPRI
Partnership to Cut Hunger and Poverty in Africa
SPECIAL DISCUSSION: Next Steps for the US Food Security Initiative
Association of Public and Land-Grant Universities
December 3, 2009

2. Outline
• What is CAADP?
– Principles
– Processes and implementation
• Where is CAADP now?
– Agricultural growth
– Agricultural Investments (Allocations to agriculture)
• Impacts
– Poverty and hunger (MDG1)
• Challenges

3. What is CAADP?
• The Comprehensive Africa Agriculture
Development Programme (CAADP) is the
African Union (AU)/New Partnership for
Africa’s Development (NEPAD) vision and
strategy for the development of African
agriculture.
• CAADP puts agriculture at top of priorities of
African countries
• CAADP is African-owned and African-led

4. CAADP Principles
• Employ agriculture-led growth to achieve MDG1 of
halving poverty and hunger by 2015
• Pursuit of 6% average annual sector growth at national
level
• Allocation of 10% of national budgets to agriculture
sector
• Exploitation of regional complementarities and
cooperation to boost growth
• Policy efficiency, dialogue, review and accountability
(evidence-based policymaking)
• Partnerships and alliances to include farmers,
agribusiness, civil society

5. CAADP Process
• The principles are achieved through:
– the strategic functions of CAADP,
– the guidance and involvement of the Regional Economic Communities
(RECs), and
– the national roundtable process
• These activities surround four key pillars, led by Africa-based technical
institutions:
– Pillar 1: extending the area under sustainable land management
(University of Zambia)
– Pillar 2: Improving rural infrastructure and trade-related capacities for
market access (Conference of Ministers of Agriculture of West and Central
Africa (CMA/AOC))
– Pillar 3: Increasing food supply and reducing hunger (University of
KwaZulu-Natal)
– Pillar 4: Agricultural research, technology dissemination and adoption
(Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa (FARA))

6. Who Implements the CAADP process?
• African Union Commission (AUC) and New
Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD)
• Key Regional Economic Communities (RECs)
establish their own priorities based on the
continent-wide Pillars
– Economic Community of West African States
(ECOWAS)
– Southern African Development Community (SADC)
– Common Market of Eastern and Southern Africa
(COMESA)
• Countries in Africa

7. The National CAADP Roundtable Process & Country Status
1. Government 2. REC and 3. Country Steering
appoints Focal Government launch and Technical
Point(s) process Committee
Libya, Eritrea Zimbabwe, Egypt,
Mauritius, DRC
6. Drafting of 5. Stocktaking –
4. Cabinet Memo
Country CAADP Growth and
and Endorsement
Compact Investment Analysis
Burkina Faso, Guinea-
Bissau, Guinea, Kenya, Cape Verde, C. Comoros,
Malawi, Uganda, d’Ivoire, Djibouti, Madagascar, Sudan
Zambia Seychelles,
Swaziland
8. Donor and 9. Regular
7. Roundtable
Government Refinement and
Signing of Compact
Benin, Burundi, Ethiopia,
Implementation Adjustment
Gambia, Ghana, Liberia,
13 Mali, Niger, Nigeria,
countries Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra
Leone, Togo

8. What is the role of ReSAKSS in CAADP
implementation?
1 2
In order to implement goals of
CAADP Framework created by AU, CAADP framework,
targets (6% & 10%) agreed upon decisionmakers need evidence-
by all African leaders. based knowledge on investments,
options, etc.
6
Country CAADP compacts are signed
binding stakeholders to goals set
forth at Roundtables.
3
ReSAKSS manages this ReSAKSS, though its network of
knowledge so that partners across the continent,
decisionmakers and takes stock and starts analysis of
stakeholders can access and growth options.
5
utilize it. Debate and dialogue
take place in countries as they
4
consider options for The establishment of Country SAKSS facilitates this
implementing CAADP by providing country-specific information and
framework. (lead-up to analysis. These also serve as in-country policy and
Roundtables) knowledge hubs.

9. Tracking Progress of CAADP: ReSAKSS Website
www.resakss.org

10. Users can customize
the map and charts
The ReSAKSS website allows
based on the specific
users to easily track progress
information they are
against
looking for, whether
the CAADP and MDG targets
that be regional
while also accessing a wealth of
information or
knowledge and data on
country-specific
agricultural development in
information
Africa

11. Where are we now?
• 6 years after CAADP, has there been any progress
toward the goals?
• The Process:
– 13 countries and 1 region have signed CAADP compacts
• Agricultural Spending/Investment:
– The number of countries spending at least 10% of budgets
on agriculture has increased since 2002
• Agricultural Growth:
– At the continent level agricultural growth has increased
since 2002
– The number of countries with annual agricultural growth
rates of 6% or more has increased since 2002

12. Government spending on agriculture: Progress
towards the Maputo Declaration target
• The African continent as a whole has not met the
10% target (current spending at 6-8 percent)
• But, this varies by country Only 8
countries have
Agricultural Expenditures as a share of total (%), 2007 met the 10%
25 target
20
CURRENT, 2007 (Unless otherwise noted)
15
%
10
5
0
Central African…
Madagascar**
Ghana****
Guinea Bissau***
Morocco**
Gabon***
Mali
Nigeria
DRC**
Egypt**
Swaziland**
Benin****
Burundi***
Tunisia**
Chad***
Kenya****
Uganda****
Tanzania**
Malawi
Sudan***
Zambia*
Gambia***
Senegal
Niger*
Cote d'Ivoire
Lesotho**
Togo
Mauritius**
Namibia**
Ethiopia**
Rwanda
Botswana
Mauritania***
Mozambique**
Guinea***
Cameroon**
Zimbabwe**
Burkina Faso*
*=2006; **=2005; ***=2004; ****=2008 estimates
Source: Omilola and Lambert, 2009.

13. Have countries increased their spending in
response to the 2003 Maputo Declaration?
• At the continental level, Level of agricultural spending as a share of
total spending, 2002-2007
agricultural spending
nearly doubled between 70.0%
2000 and 2005 60.0%
% of reporting countries
• In 2003, only 3.2% of
countries allocated 10% 50.0%
or more of their budgets 40.0%
to agriculture
– This increased to 33.3% 30.0%
in 2006 before slightly
falling to 25% in 2007 20.0%
• 9 countries increased 10.0%
their allocations from
0.0%
less than 5% spending to
5-10% spending 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Less than 5% 5%-10% More than 10%
Source: Omilola and Lambert, 2009.

14. Agricultural expenditure as a share of
agricultural GDP
• Measures government spending on agriculture relative to the size of that
country's agriculture sector
• Under this measure, more countries fall into the category of low budget
support to agriculture
Agricultural expenditures as a share of agricultural GDP, 2007
80
60 The range is
CURRENT, 2007 (Unless otherwise noted)
considerable
%
40
(1 to 60%)
20
0
*=2006; **=2005; ***=2008 estimates
On aggregate , Africa spends between 5-7%
Source: Omilola and Lambert, 2009.
of agricultural GDP on agriculture,
compared to 15% in Asia during its Green
Revolution

15. -36
-30
-24
-18
-12
-6
12
18
24
0
6
Eritrea
Gambia, The
Zimbabwe
Senegal
Source: WDI
Tunisia
Mauritania
2008:
Malawi
Lesotho
2002:
Cape Verde 6% CAADP target
6% CAADP target
Gabon
Mali
Kenya
Cote d'Ivoire
Ethiopia
Zambia
Madagascar
Algeria
CAR
Chad
Guinea-Bissau
Botswana
DRC
Seychelles
Swaziland
Niger
Burkina Faso
Djibouti
Sudan
Egypt
Cameroon
Page 15
Uganda
Ghana
Burundi
Nigeria
Comoros
Mauritius
Morocco
Tanzania
Agricultural GDP growth
Guinea
South Africa
Togo
Benin
Namibia
Only 9 countries achieved 6% or more annual growth
At least 20 countries achieved 6% or more annual growth
Mozambique
Sao Tome &…
Angola
Rwanda
Equatorial Guinea

16. What about poverty and hunger?
Burkina Faso
Cameroon
Congo, D.R.
C. African Rep. Angola
Ethiopia Botswana
Guinea Algeria
Egypt
Kenya Malawi
Ghana
Mali Sao Tome and Principe
Mauritania
Morocco Tanzania
Namibia
Senegal
Swaziland
Togo
Tunisia
Uganda
Countries on track towards Countries on track towards
halving poverty by 2015 Only 6 Countries on track halving hunger by 2015
towards achieving both
Source: Omilola and Lambert, 2009
goals of MDG1

17. 0
0
30
60
90
30
60
90
1989 1986
BOT
1994 1994
MAL
2001 1994
2006 1998
BFS
1987 2003
1993 1992
MAU
1996 1998
BRD
2000 2006
1985 1996
1991
CAM
2001
1999 1985
MOR
2001 1986
2007 1987
1997 1988
MOZ
CID
2003 1993
1992 1995
1994
NIG
1998
2005 2002
1986 1996
DJI
1993
2002
NGR
1996
1982
2004
1995
1985
ETH
2000
RWD
2000
2005
0
0
30
60
90
30
60
90
1991
1995
SEN
2001
GHA
2005
1990
SIL
2003
GUB
1993
SA
1995
2000
GUI
Changes in poverty
1995
2001
1992
KEN
SWZ TNZ
2000
% population in households below $1.25/day
1989
1992
1996
LES
UGA
1999
2002
2005
1991
1993
MAD
1996
ZAM
1998
2003
MWI
2004
1988 1992 2006 1993 1991 2003 1994 2005 1993 2003 1993 1999 2005 2004

18. Challenges for CAADP
• Although agriculture seems to be firmly back on the
development agenda, pledges have not translated into
increased spending in many countries.
• The CAADP process has stalled in some countries.
• The post-compact process has only recently received
attention (Rwanda post-compact meeting on Dec. 8-9)
• The contributions of the CAADP process to the
achievements in agricultural growth and poverty
reduction are not yet known fully.
• How are agricultural budgets being spent? Are they
being spent judiciously?
• What critical M&E information is needed to enhance
effective dialogue and policy processes at all levels?
Page 18

19. Thank you.