The role of men in nutrition
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By Elizabeth Mkandawire University of Pretoria
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The role of men in nutrition
- 1. The Role of Men in Nutrition: Reflections from Malawi Elizabeth Mkandawire University of Pretoria
- 2. How has this influenced nutrition? • Gender relations are changing in this community • Men are increasingly becoming involved in maternal and child nutrition • The design of men’s involvement interventions undermine gender equality
- 3. Malawi’s National Nutrition Policy and Strategic Plan •Integrated framework for gender analysis in nutrition policy (GINA) • Mismatch in interpretation of gender • Reinforces the role of women in nutrition
- 4. Women and Gender • Evidence on women’s role in nutrition • Design biases in nutrition policy • Possibility of cooperation and complementarity
- 6. Implications for men’s participation in nutrition • Men have a complimentary role to play in nutrition • Ensuring that men’s involvement advances gender equality • Tools and experts to support policymakers • Traditional leaders' role in challenging gender stereotypes
- 8. Thank you
Notes de l'éditeur
- Men’s involvement has been on the nutrition policy agenda since 1992 The World Declaration and Plan of Action for Nutrition highlighted that men’s control over household resources had implications for nutrition The Cairo Declaration on Population development spoke to the important role men play in women’s sexual and reproductive health The Beijing Declaration re-emphasized men’s shared responsibility for the Family
- Early on Malawi integrated men’s involvement into health policies and programmes Chief Kwataine is a traditional leader in rural central Malawi – Champion for safe motherhood Established bylaws to encourage men to attend antenatal care – women who attended with their partners are served first Men’s attendance is important for nutrition because they receive information on health but also the types of food needed during pregnancy Our study shows that when men receive this information, they begin actively participating in cooking, cleaning and other housework, but they also make additional efforts like taking out loans to make sure that their pregnant partners are getting enough food. However, these bylaws are counterintuitive because they are punitive towards women. Many women travel long distances to attend ANC. The queues in many of these hospitals are long. When they get pushed back in the queue after having arrived early, it becomes a disincentive
- We wanted to see how these emerging challenges were being addressed in nutrition policy Paucity of tools for conducting gender analysis in nutrition policy GINA was developed as the method of analysis The way in which gender is interpreted by community member is mismatched with how policymakers interpret gender The policy emphasized the role of women in nutrition, reinforcing the idea that only women should be responsible for nutrition Even in emphasizing women, no efforts were made to address the constraints women face in accessing nutritious food E.g. The policy highlights that men control household resources, but only promote that women should access three food groups without speaking to how they will overcome household resource allocation
- Large body of evidence suggests that women play an important role in household members nutrition, particularly children’s nutrition Policy-makers who have limited experience in gender mainstreaming end up overemphasizing women Overlook the complementary role men can play They overlook the possibility of fostering cooperation between men and women around issues of nutrition Malawi’s nutrition policy was under review at the time of study
- Set out to conduct a policy dialogue to share our research finding and use these to inform the draft nutrition policy Used GINA to facilitate a multi-stakeholder analysis of the draft policy This dialogue, a dialogue report and policy briefs were circulated and resulted in changes to the policy statement These outputs were also used to inform the strategy, which we believe is far more gender-responsive than its predecessor
- Its very clear that when men are involved in maternal and child health, positive changes in nutrition are occurring – these need to be quantified More sector-specific, user-friendly gender analysis tools are needed to support policymakers Efforts to include men really need to ensure that gender equality is at the core to avoid creating new arenas for inequalities to surface Traditional leaders, as the custodians of culture, play a fundamental role in re-shaping gender dynamics in the community Their involvement is essential, and they too need to receive support and training in gender analysis GINA
- This is the first in a six part series that is used as manual to help guide policy-makers in developing gender-responsive policies Flash drives to share if anyone is interesting in taking a look at the full series