1.
Parallel Sessions 1-B, Parallel Session # 3
Knowledge and Information Tools for Supporting
Agriculture and Food Security Strategies in Asia
Hyatt Regency Hotel, Kathmandu, Nepal
1400, Day One, Monday, November 14th, 2011
Sustainability of Small-scale Fisheries
and Aquaculture Sub-sector s
Michael D Pido, PhD
Palawan State University, Philippines
Maripaz L Perez, PhD
Len R Garces, MSc
The WorldFish Center, Philippine Country Office, Philippines
Nerissa G Salayo, PhD
Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Iloilo, Philippines

2.
Is Managing the Fishery
Becoming 'A Dog's Breakfast’?
(John Doohan, Chairman, Sunfish March 1998, p 2)

3.
Outline
1. Importance of small-scale fisheries
and aquaculture sub-sectors
2. Key sub-sectors problems/issues
3. Technological innovations and governance
improvements
4. Moving forward

4.
Fisheries Sub-sector
1. Capture fisheries
1. Commercial
2. Municipal
2. Aquaculture
3. Post-harvest

5.
Source: BFAR
Philippine Fisheries: importance

6.
Source: BFAR
Philippine Fisheries: trends by sub-sector
Commercial Municipal
Aquaculture

7.
1
Higher
production
volume
More gains
from trade
Production
(million mt)
World
Rank
Country Growth Rate
Past Decade (%)
1.7 3rd Vietnam 17.6
1.4 4th Thailand 4.9
1.3 5th Indonesia 11.2
0.62 10th Philippines 10.3
0.03 14th Cambodia 28.6
0.01 17th Singapore 25.9
Rapid aquaculture growth in Southeast Asia

8.
Outline
1. Importance of small-scale fisheries and
aquaculture sub-sectors
2. Key sub-sectors problems/issues
3. Technological innovations and governance
improvements
4. Moving forward

9.
Threats to Fishery Resources
and Habitats
All Photo credits: PCSDS

10.
1
National
defense
5
Human
Settlements
2
Fisheries
4
Energy
3
Tourism
Versus
Multiple-use conflicts

11.
Conservation
1. Philippine Fisheries
Code of 1998
2. National Integrated
Protected Areas
System Act of 1992
Utilization
1. Agriculture and
Fisheries Modernization
Act of 1997
2. Philippine Mining Act
of 1995
Policy Tug-of-War

12.
•US$ 4.2 million losses
•fishkill was man-made
•12,000 fish cages in lake
twice its carrying
capacity
“Greed, not climate, caused fishkill in
Taal Lake and Pangasinan, Philippines”
Senator Pangilinan, 9 June 2011
Photo: GA Corpuz, www.bulatlat.com

13.
Socio-economic issues in aquaculture
1. Polarity of stakeholder status
2. Technology & production cost dualism
3. Social conflicts & economic loss arise from
misguided choices among competing uses
4. Cost of habitat rehabilitation beyond capacity of
governments
chemicals & effluents
factories
peri-urban aquaculture:
Vietnam
overfeeding

14.
Greater
poverty
More resource
use conflict
Reduced
contribution
to economy
Unsustainable
management of
Philippine
Fisheries
Inadequate fishery management systems and
structure
Post
harvest
losses
Uncompetitive
products
Unrealized full
potential of
aquaculture and
commercial
fishing grounds
Intensified
resource use
competition
Degraded
fishery
habitats
Depleted
fishery
resources
Source: DA-BFAR 2006Key problems/issues in Philippine fisheries

15.
Exacerbating Fisheries Challenge!
• Situation difficult without climate change
• Fisheries: common pool resource
• Fishing as employer of last resort
• Vulnerable sector

16.
Outline
1. Importance of small-scale fisheries and
aquaculture sub-sectors
2. Key sub-sectors problems/issues
3. Technological innovations and
governance improvements
4. Moving forward

17.
Establishment of Fish Sanctuaries
All photo credits: City Agriculture Office, PPC

18.
All photo credits: City Agriculture Office, PPC
Mangrove Restoration

19.
Livelihood Trainings
Fish Processing
Fish Processing
Fish Processing
Nipa Plantation
Mud Crab Culture
Seaweeds Culture
Seaweeds Culture
Tourism
All photo credits: City Agriculture Office, PPC
Fish Processing Fish Processing
Fish Processing

20.
Establishment of Bay Watch
(Bantay Dagat)
All photo credits: City Agriculture Office, PPC

21.
North
West
West
Central
West
Sulu
Sea
South
South
East
East
Central
North
East
Integrated Fisheries Management Units (FOO of BFAR)
Source: FISH Project / G. Silvestre

22.
1
Enhancing role of aquaculture in food,
income & livelihood security
a) develop small & medium aquaculture enterprises (SMEs)
b) conduct price, market and value-chain studies
c) address training needs, capitalization & other production
factors of diverse types of aquaculture stakeholders
d) enhance public-private partnerships (PPPs) in capital
investments & market development
e) prioritize policy research to identify regulations that support
socially equitable fish production and livelihood programs

23.
Promoting sustainable aquaculture through
enabling policies that support management
of natural & environmental resources
mariculture technology for
small scale operators
Policies to address:
• resource use costs
(fry & feeds from wild)
• resource use conflicts
• environmental impacts &
valuation of externalities

24.
1
Enabling mechanisms, institutions &
infrastructures to encourage adoption of
better aquaculture practices
R&D plan of action:
• developing policies to
assess compliance to
CCRF- Aquaculture
• bioeconomic modelling to
evaluate sustainability of
aquaculture systems

25.
1
Enabling mechanisms, institutions &
infrastructures to encourage adoption of
better aquaculture practices (cont.)
R&D plan of action:
• comparative cost-benefit
analysis of improved
aquaculture systems e.g.
biosecurity measures,
recirculating system

26.
Agree-Build-Operate-Transfer
Aquaculture Business
“SEAFDEC AQD packages and builds
science-based ready-for-handover
operational businesses for new and
re-focusing entrepreneurs of our clients.”
SEAFDEC/AQD Programs to encourage
adoption of better aquaculture practices

27.
Institutional Capacity Development for
Sustainable Aquaculture (ICDSA)
SEAFDEC/AQD Programs to encourage
adoption of better aquaculture practices
Build capacity of:
• local government
• community-based organizations
• non-government organizations
• fishery schools
• other “on-the-ground” institutions
on sustainable aquaculture

28.
1
Understanding & improving linkages from production
to marketing & trade of fishery products to support
small & medium enterprise (SME) development

29.
Example of SME: Tilapia Hatchery
•Broodstock development, selection
•Hatching
•Size grading
•Nursery rearing
•Marketing
Source: Eguia, RV. 2007. ABOT AquaNegosyo: Tilapia hatchery production
Improve support
& linkages

30.
Outline
1. Importance of small-scale fisheries and
aquaculture sub-sectors
2. Key sub-sectors problems/issues
3. Technological innovations and governance
improvements
4. Moving forward

31.
Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries (EAF)
• EAF defined as “managing fisheries in a
manner that addresses multiple needs and
desires of society, without jeopardizing
options for future generations, to benefit
from the full range of goods and services
provided by marine ecosystems” (FAO 2003)

32.
1
Collaborative R&D on regional assessment of
role of aquaculture in poverty alleviation &
provide basis for policy formulation

33.
1
Prioritize budget & logistics on impacts of
climate change & global trade on
aquaculture with emphasis on small-holder
fish farmers
off-shore reef fish farmers: vulnerable livelihoods & resources
in Coral Triangle Area – Center of Biodiversity
groupers: high demand & incomes

34.
Depleted fishery
resources
Degraded fishery
habitats
Intensified
resource use
competition and
conflict
Post-harvest
losses
Greater poverty
among fishing
households
Declining
contribution of
fisheries to local
and national
economy
1. Sustain
2. Protect
3. Develop
4. Capacitate
5. Institutionalize
6. Communicate
Problems/Issues Strategies
Core strategies to address the key problems/issues about
small-scale fisheries in the Philippines

35.
Expanding the Sustainability
Constructs
Sustainability of
aquaculture and
capture fisheries
Social
Political
Administrative
Environmental
Biological
Economic

36.
Integration of fisheries with other
economic sectors