this is for my CIS 100 class

1. Our Exposed Oceans
How we are destroying our oceans and how we can
save them.
Ricky Hall
CIS 100 MW

2. The Last Frontier
-
Oceans cover 71% of the Earth’s surface.
There are over 1.75 million named terrestrial
species, compared to the around 250,000 named
marine species.
This shows how little our knowledge of the oceans
are thus far, and how much there is left to explore
and learn. all donations directed towards
Only 1% of
environmental concerns went to ocean causes.
Therefore, the issues concerning the oceans are
not widely known.

3. Black Waters
Over 217 million gallons of oil have been spilt into the
ocean in the last 10 years just through oil spills , tanker
spills, tanker explosions, offshore rig leaks and offshore
rig blowouts.
There are 600 active offshore oil rigs around the world
today.
Each one have “day to day” spills and leaks that
account for 44 million gallons spilt in the oceans each
year
Oil as fuel that turns into rain pollution accounts for 144
million gallons in the ocean each year

4. Impact on Wildlife
Large amounts of spilt oil results in large “plumes” under the
surface, stretching for miles.
The BP oil spill disrupted a widely used migratory area for
wildlife, clogging fish’s gills, suffocating them and killing
thousands of birds, fish and mammals
These effect are catastrophic and the wildlife may never
fully recover.

5. The Balancing Act
A certain amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) is necessary for
life on earth. However, too much can be catastrophic.
50% of CO2 is absorbed by the atmosphere, 20% by land
and 30% by oceans.
Before the Industrial Revolution, there was a harmonic
balance. Since then, humans have added 1.5 million metric
tons of C02, leaving the oceans to absorb some 500 billion
tons.

6. Off Balance
The sea absorbing the added CO2 has had many
negative effects:
Sea temperatures have risen at a rate of 1% annually.
Meanwhile, also absorbing 80% of the heat added to the
climate system.
Warmer water causes volume to expand, and along
with melting ice caps due to rising temperatures, its
causes sea levels to rise.
Global sea level is 8 inches higher than it was a
century ago and continues to rise.
With so much CO2, the water takes up too little
oxygen, killing thousands of marine species, and leaving
many dead zones in its wake.
Oxygen levels in some areas have dropped as much as
20 %%

7. Coral Reefs
Decreased PH levels in the oceans due to the intake of all
this Co2 causes the water molecules to react to the
carbon, increasing the oceans acidity and producing what
is known as Acidification.
This acid is eating away and killing coral reefs and ocean
beds at alarming rates. At this continued rate, it is predicted
that all coral reefs will be dead by 2030.
25% of all marine life depends directly on coral reefs.
Without coral reefs the food chain would be
devastated, and would threaten mass extinctions of
life, from the smallest prey to the largest predators.

8. All Out of Fish
200 million people make a living sustainably fishing and a
billion rely on oceans as their primary source of animal
protein. Yet the commercial fisheries threaten that by using
trawlers to unsustainably catch millions of tons of fish.
10 species account for a quarter of all fishery production.
9 out of 10 of those species are on the verge of collapse
Since 1950 there has been a 90% drop in the numbers
of 25 of the oceans largest predators.
Scientists say seafood population could be wiped out
by the second half of the century.

9. By-catch and Trawling
Trawlers are enormous fishing nets that drag the bottom of the
sea floor to net marketable fish. Bycatch are the marine animals
not desired by the industry that are discarded in the process.
Bottom trawlers can destroy 580 million square miles of
seabed each day. Each year the worlds fleet of bottom
trawlers disturb a seabed area twice the size of the US.
Trawlers destroy 16lbs of marine animals for every pound
marketable fish caught.
Each year, out of 56.7 million tons landed, 38.5 million tons
are discarded
70% of the remaining cod population have been lost to
bycatch.

10. What We Can Do
•Spread the word.
•Contact your elected government officials.
•Maintain your vehicle.
•Donate money to environmental efforts for the ocean.
•Sign petitions against offshore drilling.
•Recycle.
•Educate yourself about the oceans, and do your part
to help protect it for future generations.

11. Work Cited
Danson, Ted. Oceana: Our Endangered Species and What We
Can Do To Save Them/Ted Danson with Michael D’Orso. Rodale
Inc. 733 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017.
http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/campaigns/endangered_oce
ans/index.html
http://waittfoundation.org/endangered-oceans-project