Brain implants to increase intellectual capabilities, control machines using thought alone, or transfer information directly into the brain are quite popular in sci-fi and have been recently adopted as concrete research goals by many science and engineering teams around the world. Currently developed prototypes adopt a "black box" model - they do not allow the user to experience what is going on inside the implant. Our brain, however, doesn\'t only process sensory input and calculate appropriate behaviors based on it, but also enables us to experience what is happening. In other words, brain activity is accompanied by consciousness.
Potentially, brain chips can also be designed to have consciousness inside them. Inserted into a human brain, such a conscious implant would expand the user\'s conscious experience with its own contents. For this, however, a new kind of brain-machine interface should be developed that would merge consciousness in two separate systems - the chip and the brain - into single, unified one.
Progress in conscious interfaces could eventually allow us to unify consciousness of different human beings, leading to the emergence of special kind of global brain, in which every individual will experience itself being a GB, and won\'t become just one of the cogs in this huge super-intelligent system.
3. Consciousness is…
experiencing brain processes
different processes cause different qualia
color
4. Consciousness is…
experiencing brain processes
different processes cause different qualia
color sound
5. Consciousness is…
experiencing brain processes
different processes cause different qualia
color sound taste
6. Consciousness is…
experiencing brain processes
different processes cause different qualia
color sound taste smell
7. Consciousness is…
experiencing brain processes
different processes cause different qualia
color sound taste smell pain
8. Consciousness is…
experiencing brain processes
different processes cause different qualia
color sound taste smell pain
let’s enrich this experience with new technologies!
9. Expanding experience
similarly to neurons,
brain implant
represents itself in
consciousness
10. Synthetic qualia?
but is it possible for artificial device
to create consciousness?
artificial neural network models
have been already developed
which demonstrate
rudimentary consciousness or some
aspects of consciousness
Edelman brain-based devices
neural networks simulations by
Dehaene, Gamez
11. Putting them together
how to integrate synthetic qualia
with those produced by brain?
learn from nature!
motion
sounds
shape
color
so how does brain bring them all together?
12. The miracle of broadcast
what makes the system conscious?
Information Integration Global Neuronal Workspace
Theory Theory
Tononi & Edelman Dehaene
• differentiation consist of • many specialized modules
many specialized modules • integration/broadcasting via
• integration each module subset of special workspace
profoundly affects activity of neurons
others
• consciousness can be
measured mathematically
13. The miracle of broadcast
what makes the system conscious?
Information Integration Global Neuronal Workspace
Theory Theory
Tononi & Edelman Dehaene
• differentiation consist of • many specialized modules
many specialized modules • integration/broadcasting via
• integration each module subset of special workspace
profoundly affects activity of neurons
others
• consciousness can be as Integrated Information: a provisional manifesto
(C) Consciousness
Tononi, 2008
measured mathematically
14. The miracle of broadcast
what makes the system conscious?
Information Integration Global Neuronal Workspace
Theory Theory
Tononi & Edelman Dehaene
• differentiation consist of • many specialized modules
many specialized modules • integration/broadcasting via
• integration each module subset of special workspace
profoundly affects activity of neurons
others
• consciousness can be
measured mathematically
15. The miracle of broadcast
what makes the system conscious?
Information Integration Global Neuronal Workspace
Theory Theory
Tononi & Edelman Dehaene
• differentiation consist of • many specialized modules
many specialized modules • integration/broadcasting via
• integration each module subset of special workspace
profoundly affects activity of neurons
others
• consciousness can be Neural mechanisms for access to consciousness
(C)
measured mathematically Dehaene & Changeux, 2003
16. The hardware
how to make the implant broadcast?
today’s brain-machine interfaces
DBS electrode
X many
connections are
not possible:
• can damage
everything
electrode grid • procedure too
X only those neurons cumbersome
close to the surface
17. The hardware
a new hopes
“sprouting” brain-machine interfaces
Harnessing the blood Growing up your own
supply network (R. Llinas) network of neuroagents
18. The hardware
interfacing in a brain-friendly way
neurons are their axons grow
grown on a chip through the brain
intermediate
layer between
brain and
communication channel is
electronics
natural for the brain
19. Applications
artificial bodies
tactile and
proprioceptive
feedback
for neuroprostheses
20. Applications
approach to “cracking neural code”
conscious neural implants provide a fresh approach to
the problem of transferring information into the brain
1. transfer happens when brain-implant system
becomes conscious
2. a mathematical tools for analyzing conscious systems
are being developed
3. these tools finally allow to calculate optimal design
for the implant enabling consciousness = information
transfer
21. Going further
exploring the minds of Others
would it be possible to
join conscious experience
of another being with
yours?
the major difficulty is
provided by functional
aspects of consciousness
22. Going further
the Consciousness Singularity
Ω
all consciousness on the
planet, living and artificial,
merged to a single one
the “functional problem”
disappears at the global
level
