Body Mass Index

Dr.R.Kalidasan
Assistant Professor (SG)
Department of Physical Education
Bharathidasan University
Tiruchirappalli-620 024
BODY MASS INDEX (BMI)
18/5/2017 BMI - Kalidasan

Body Mass Index [BMI] (or) Quetelet index
It is calculated from once height and weight.
BMI is measure of body fat based on height
and weight.
It is a useful measure of
 overweight
 obesity

BMI is an estimate of
body fat
a good gauge of once risk for
diseases that can occur with more
body fat

Adolphe Quetelet
Belgian
Astronomer
Mathematician
Statistician
Sociologist
Lambert Adolphe Jacques Quetelet
(22.02.1796 – 17.02.1874)
BMI initially devised by Adolphe Quetelet & he called
it as “Social Physics”(1830-1850).

Ancel Keys
American scientist
Diet and Health
Coined the term “Body mass
index” in his paper
Published in ‘Journal of
Chronic Diseases’- July 1972
Ancel Benjamin Keys
(26.01.1904 – 20.11.2004)

8/5/2017 BMI - Kalidasan 6
Legislation
In France, Israel, Italy and Spain, legislation has
been introduced banning usage of fashion
show models having a BMI below 18.
In Israel, a BMI below 18.5 is banned.
This is done in order to fight anorexia among
models and people interested in fashion.

The BMI is an attempt to quantify the amount
of tissue mass (muscle, fat, and bone) in an
individual, and then categorize that person as
underweight
normal weight
overweight or
obese
based on that value.

The BMI is universally expressed in kg/m2,
resulting from mass in kilograms and height in
metres.
If pounds and inches are used, a conversion
factor of 703 (kg/m2)/(lb/in2) must be applied.

When the term BMI is used informally,
the units are usually omitted.

BMI Categories
Underweight = <18.5
Normal weight = 18.5–24.9
Overweight = 25–29.9
Obesity = BMI of 30 or greater

These ranges of BMI values are valid only
as statistical categories.
Category BMI (kg/m2) BMI Prime
from to from to
Very severely underweight 15.0 0.60
Severely underweight 15 16 0.60 0.64
Underweight 16 18.5 0.64 0.74
Normal (healthy weight) 18.5 25 0.74 1.0
Overweight 25 30 1.0 1.2
Obese Class I (Moderately obese) 30 35 1.2 1.4
Obese Class II (Severely obese) 35 40 1.4 1.6
Obese Class III (Very severely obese) 40 1.6

BMI Categories

Limitations
Although BMI can be used for most men and
women, it does have some limits:
•It may overestimate body fat in athletes and
others who have a muscular build.
•It may underestimate body fat in older
persons and others who have lost muscle.
•Above calculation shouldn’t be used for
pregnant women or children.

BMI is a useful measurement for most people
over 18 years old.
The BMI adds roughly 10% for a large (or tall)
frame and subtracts roughly 10% for a smaller
frame (short stature).
But it is only an estimate and it doesn’t take
into account
gender
age
ethnicity
body composition

Alternative methods
Body composition for athletes is often better
calculated using measures of body fat, as
determined by such techniques as
Skinfold measurements
Underwater weighing
the limitations of manual measurement have
also led to new, alternative methods to
measure obesity, such as the body volume
index.
Corpulence index for Sports person

Category BMI (kg/m2)
From To
Low 18.5
Normal 18.5 25
Obese (Level 1) 25 30
Obese (Level 4) 40
Japan
Japan Society for the Study of Obesity (2000)

Category BMI (kg/m2)
from to
Underweight 18.5
Normal Range 18.5 23
Overweight—At Risk 23 25
Overweight—Moderately Obese 25 30
Overweight—Severely Obese 30
Hong Kong
The Hospital Authority of Hong Kong recommends - BMI ranges

Underweight (BMI of less than 18.5)
•Malnutrition
•Eating disorder
•Other health problems

The higher the BMI, the greater the
risk of certain diseases, including
Hypertension (high blood pressure)
Coronary heart disease
Gallbladder disease
Breathing problems
Dyslipidemia
Stroke
Osteoarthritis
Certain cancers–breast, colon & so on
Type 2 diabetes

Category BMI Prime
Underweight Below 0.74
Normal (healthy weight) 0.74 to 1.00
Overweight 1.00 & above
BMI Prime
A modification of the BMI system, is the ratio of
actual BMI to upper limit optimal BMI (currently
defined at 25 kg/m2).
For instance, a person with BMI 34 kg/m2 has a BMI
Prime of 34/25 = 1.36, and is 36% over their upper
mass limit.
Upper limit optimal BMI values varies region to region.

Modified body mass index (mBMI)
The mBMI can be obtained by multiplying
the BMI by serum albumin, in grams per
litre.

OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY - MANAGEMENT
Lifestyle change
Exercise to burn fat
Exercise for overweight or obesity
Yoga

Waist Circumference
Helps - screen for possible health risks that
come with overweight and obesity.
This risk goes up with a waist size that is greater
than 35 inches for women or greater than 40
inches for men.
Higher risk for heart disease and type 2 diabetes

Risk factors for diseases and conditions
associated with obesity
•High blood pressure (hypertension)
•High LDL cholesterol ("bad" cholesterol)
•Low HDL cholesterol ("good" cholesterol)
•High triglycerides
•High blood glucose (sugar)
•Family history of premature heart disease
•Physical inactivity
•Cigarette smoking

Fitness
strength
condition
suitability
adaptability
Fitness level varies individual to individual.
Fitness has become a national concern.
Exercises or physical activity are basically cost
effective medicine.

Fitness – Benefits
Efficiency in work and performance
Resistance to Disease
Efficient functional of various systems of the body
Aging process and longevity
Proportionate development of body
Mental Health & Alertness
Preparedness for emergency
Success in Games and Sports
Fitness is one’s richest passion. It cannot be purchased, but
it is to be earned through daily routine of Physical exercise.

Exercise
‘exercise’ - as an orderly or systematic
movement of body part/s with
or without equipments with an
objective of better performance
Generally exercises are focused on improving the
motor qualities; rhythm etc and most of the exercises
are repeated to get perfection.

Sport (or sports) - competitive activity
8,000 Sport disciplines*
*World Sports Encyclopedia (2003)

To develop sports culture among our people.
Mass participation in sports and games is to be
encouraged.
Sports Infrastructure is to be developed in all
school, college, universities, district, taluks,
municipalities and panchayats.

Anthropology
Human Biology
Anthropometry
Kinanthropometry
Kinanthropometry is a specialized science which link human
structure and function measuring body dimensions such as
height, weight, body composition, shape and proportion.
Sports Anthropometry

The International Society for the Advancement of
Kinanthropometry (ISAK) was formed in 1986.
ISAK has developed international standards for
anthropometric assessment and an International
anthropometry accreditation scheme.
The accreditation scheme is based on the concept of a four
level hierarchy Level I, II, III & IV which has value for four
years.
So far more over 3000 anthropometrists from over 49
countries have been accredited in anthropometric
measurement techniques under this scheme.

ANTHROPOMETRIC PROFILING
Presently, the following 39 measurements shall constitute full
anthropometric profiling. The measurements are divided into five
broad categories: Basic, Skinfolds, Girths, Lengths and Breadths.
Basic Skinfolds Girths Lengths Breadths
Mass
Stature
Sitting height
Triceps
Sub scapular
Biceps
Iliac Crest
Supraspinale
Abdominal
Front thigh
Medial calf
Head
Neck
Arm (relax)
Arm (flexed and tensed)
Forearm (maximum)
Wrist (distal styloids)
Chest (mesosternale)
Waist (minimum)
Gluteal (hips)
Thigh (1 cm gluteal)
Thigh (mid-troch-tib.
Lat.)
Calf (maximum)
Ankle (minimum)
Acromiale-radiale
Radiale-stylion
Midstylion-dactylion
Iliospinale height
Trochanterion height
Trochanterion-tibiale laterale
Tibiale laterale height
Tibiale mediale-sphyrion
tibiale
Biacromial
Biiliocristal
Foot length
Transverse chest
A-P chest depth
Humerus
Femur
In future the number of measurement may likely to increase.

BMI cut-offs as per new recommendations
BMI of 23 kg/m2 will now be considered
overweight (compared to the earlier level of
25).
BMI of 25 will be considered clinically obese
(compared to the earlier level of 30).
The waist circumference considered unhealthy
for Indian men is now 90cm or 35.4” (it is
102cm/40.1” globally) and 80cm or 31.5” for
Indian women (as opposed to 88cm/34.6”).

Body Mass Index

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