This is an improved (and abridged) version of my old presentation on VALUES FOR PLANNING, where I discuss ideas related to the main framework given to us by the Enlightenment. NOTICE that this presentation was designed in times of Trump, President Bannon, fake news and "alternative facts", so in a way, it is a response to all this.

1. VALUES FOR PLANNING
prepared by Roberto Rocco
SPATIAL PLANNING AND STRATEGY, DELFT UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Delft University of
Technology U
URBANISM
SPS
spatialplanning&strategy

2. DEMOCRATIC VALUES
LET’S EXPLORE

3. Liberty leading the people,Eugène
Delacroix (1830)

5. is not an empty slogan
rooted in a philosophical and
scientific revolution

6. RATIONALITY
the first system of government that was
manifestly based on principles of rationality
(not divine intervention)

7. Light emanates from
TRUTH (the central
figure), helped by
SCIENCE and
PHILOSOPHY on the
right
(this is the cover of
l’Encyplopédie)

8. LIBERTYFRATERNITY
EQUALITY
emphasised by the rightemphasised by the left
individualcommunity
The promotion of justice

9. NEGATIVE RIGHTSPOSITIVE RIGHTS
EQUALITY
the right to be free
from something
(individual)
the right to
something
(societal)
The promotion of balance
FRATERNITY LIBERTY
These rights are
NOT
ABSOLUTE
RIGHTS
but are exclusive
(albeit complementary)!

10. MY PLOT!
LIBERTY?
What liberty can
you have if you are
not in society?
Here, I own a plot in
the middle of the
desert. I can build
whatever I want on
it, but what is the
value of this?

11. DinoVabec
NYC to LA
MY PLOT!
SOCIAL FUNCTION OF PROPERTY
LIBERTY?
How much
liberty can you
have when you
live in society?
Here, I can’t
build whatever I
want, but my
plot is close to
infrastructure,
public space,
other buildings.
I can enjoy
public goods!

12. PUBLIC GOODS
A PUBLIC GOOD IS A PRODUCT THAT ONE
INDIVIDUAL CAN CONSUME WITHOUT
REDUCING ITS AVAILABILITY TO ANOTHER
INDIVIDUAL, AND FROM WHICH NO ONE IS
EXCLUDED.

13. PUBLIC GOODS
ECONOMISTS REFER TO PUBLIC GOODS AS
“NON-RIVALROUS" AND “NON-EXCLUDABLE."
NATIONAL DEFENCE, SEWER SYSTEMS,
PUBLIC PARKS AND OTHER BASIC SOCIETAL
GOODS CAN ALL BE CONSIDERED PUBLIC
GOODS.

14. SOURCE: HTTP://WWW.URBANCAPTURE.COM/20130819-AERIAL-DOWNTOWN-THE-HAGUE-THE-NETHERLANDS/?DOING_WP_CRON=1486758418.4101200103759765625000
PUBLIC GOODS
The city of The Hague in the
Netherlands offers many
public goods to its
inhabitants:
clean air
safety
excellent mobility
heathy environments
green spaces
etc.

15. INDIVIDUALCOMMUNITY
PROMOTION OF BALANCE
the private sectorcivil society
FRATERNITY LIBERTY
EQUALITY
the public sector

16. PRIVATE SECTORCIVIL SOCIETY
PUBLIC SECTOR
GOVERNANCE

17. INFORMAL INSTITUTIONS
THE RULE OF LAW
ENTERPRISES
(THE PRIVATE SECTOR)
GOVERNMENT
(THE PUBLIC SECTOR)
COMMUNITY
(CIVIL SOCIETY)
The rule of law are the formal institutions that regulate the relationships
between public sector, private sector and civil society.

18. Informal institutions are related to culture,
values, practices, inherited worldviews, etc that
influence the way in which formal institutions
work.
Some informal institutions can be quite
negative, such as corruption, nepotism,
patronage. Other are very positive: values of
respect, openness, tolerance, etc

19. So? What is the role of
planning, and of planners in
democratic societies?

20. Crick, B. 2002. Democracy: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford,
Oxford University Press.
Currie, D. 1986. Positive and Negative Constitutional Rights. The
University of Chicago Law Review, 53(3), 864-890
Dietz, T., et al. 2003. "The Struggle to Govern the Commons."
Science 302(5652): 1907-1912.
Munck, G. and J. Verkuilen 2002. "Conceptualizing and Measuring
Democracy: Evaluating Alternative Indices." Comparative Political
Studies 35(1): 5-34.
Stiglitz, J. 2000. Formal and Informal Institutions. Social Capital: A
Multifaceted Perspective. P. Dasgupta and I. Serageldin.
Washington DC, World Bank: 59-70.
References

21. Thanks for watching!
Are there questions?
if you have further questions, please write to
r.c.rocco@tudelft.nl