About robotics tools and technologies a comprehensive study from different research papers in different domains.
These are different domains of robotics:
Assistive Technology
Security Robots
Robot assisted learning
Industrial Inspection Robot
Rescue Robot
A floor cleaning Robot
Swarm Robot
Robot Suit
Agriculture Robot
Smart Stroller Robot
2. Jens Martensson
List Of Domains of Robotics
Technology
• AssistiveTechnology
• SecurityRobots
• Robotassistedlearning
• IndustrialInspectionRobot
• RescueRobot
• AfloorcleaningRobot
• SwarmRobot
• RobotSuit
• AgricultureRobot
• SmartStrollerRobot
2
3. Jens Martensson
Security Robots
• In Smart Robot technology researchers introduced the concept of humanoid robot
working as security guards for public places has grown in recent years.
• The demand of security services are growing around the world but companies that
provide the services do not have enough trained personal to satisfy this opportunity.
• Thus, a security robot was developed in order to perform patrols during the night.
And one of the goals is to improve the welcoming of visitors to the mall using a
robot that can also provide security and give information about the mall to the
customers. This technology is not aiming to replace humans, but to improve his
performance in their job allowing them to cover large and remote areas.
3
4. Jens Martensson
Security Robots : Problems & Solutions
4
Authors Problem Solution Proposed Result Achieved Limitations
[2] The demand of
security services are
growing around the
world but companies
that provide the
services do not have
enough trained
personal to satisfy this
opportunity.
Alexander López et all
introduced a security
robot was developed in
order to perform patrols
during the night. And
One of the goals is to
improve the welcoming
of visitors to the mall
using a robot that can
also provide security and
give information about
the mall to the customers.
The social robots
could improve the
life of the people
not only in their
homes, but also in
open spaces where
security and
attention to
costumers is
needed.
This technology is not aiming
to replace humans, but to
improve his performance in
their job allowing them to
cover large and remote areas.
5. Jens Martensson
Security Robots: Tools & Technologies
5
Authors Problems Tools And Technologies
Description of Tools And Technologies
Limitations
[2] The demand of
security services
are growing
around the world
but companies
that provide the
services do not
have enough
trained personal
to satisfy this
opportunity.
Tools
sensors
cameras
depth camera
proximity sensors,
Technologies
One Monitor screen
and GUI
Description
LIDAR to avoid
obstacles,
Actuators to move the
arms and head to show
expressions,
LED eyes to represent
emotional states,
Microphones and a
pleasant voice to improve
interaction with the
public.
This technology is not aiming to
replace humans, but to improve
his performance in their job
allowing them to cover large and
remote areas.
7. Jens Martensson
Robot assisted learning
• In this Research paper Author verify the effectiveness of robot TTS technology in
assisting Korean English language learners to acquire a native-like accent by
correcting the prosodic errors they commonly make. .
• There are two types of RALL (robot-assisted language learning) (a)autonomous
RALL which has its own artificial intelligence, and (b) tele-presence RALL, which
is equipped to provide the tele-presence of educational services through a remote
control.
7
8. Jens Martensson
Robot assisted learning : Problems &
Solutions
8
Authors Problem Solution Proposed Result Achieved Limitations
[3] Korean English
learners specially
child of first class and
Adults are not
capable to understand
the accent of english
language.
Ji-young et all
introduced robot which
has TTS technology in
assisting Korean
English language
learners to acquire a
native-like accent by
correcting the prosodic
errors they commonly
make.
The social robots
could improve the
life of the people
not only in their
homes, but also in
open spaces where
security and
attention to
costumers is
needed.
This technology is not
aiming to replace humans,
but to improve his
performance in their job
allowing them to cover large
and remote areas.
9. Jens Martensson
Robot assisted learning : Problems & Solutions
9
Authors Problems Tools And Technologies
Description of Tools And Technologies
Limitations
[3] Korean English
learners
specially child
of first class and
Adults are not
capable to
understand the
accent of english
language.
Tools
TTS engine
cameras
depth camera
proximity sensors,
Technologies
One Monitor
screen and GUI
Description
TTS as an effective
instructional tool in
assisting English
language learners to
produce a natural
English accent.
This technology is not aiming
to replace humans, but to
improve his performance in
their job allowing them to
cover large and remote areas.
11. Jens Martensson
Industrial Inspection Robot
• In this research paper author introduced automated systems which can
climb and works in different regions and take actions in hazardous
environments. It can change different types of surfaces and navigating
through narrow spaces with difficult accessibility.
11
12. Jens Martensson
Industrial Inspection Robot : Problems &
Solutions
12
Authors Problem Solution Proposed Result Achieved Limitations
[4] Inspection need a
verified person who
inspect proper according
to the situation and now a
days it is difficult to find
people who does this job
honestly.
Hernando Leon-Rodriguez
et all introduced We will
make a robot which can
climb , move, or reached to
that places where human is
unreachable.This robots
provide the possibility of
carrying out inspections in-
service thus preventing
costly outages and safety for
the human operator.
The robots can deploy
sensors to implement
an appropriate
technique to find
defects such as cracks,
inclusions, lamination
debonding and the
extent of corrosion on
steel structures.
It cannot reach in very small
places like the places where ants
leave.
13. Jens Martensson
Industrial Inspection Robot : Problems & Solutions
13
Authors Problems Tools And Technologies
Description of Tools And Technologies
Limitations
[4] Inspection need
a verified person
who inspect
proper according
to the situation
and now a days
it is difficult to
find people who
does this job
honestly.
Tools
actuator
body structure is
made of
perforated
aluminium
Technologies
One Monitor
screen and GUI
Description
to achieve mobility
along the tube in
100mm diameters
To reduce its weight,
and support the
electronic devices for
control and wireless
communications.
It cannot reach in very small
places like the places where
ants leave.
15. Jens Martensson
Assistive Tools
• In first paper researchers introduced “A Smart Walker” that controls the optimal
speed for the walker using the user’s location and other sensory data. Researchers
evaluate this walker with thirteen different residents at three different retirement
homes. Analysis shows that walker with controller is more comfortable than walker
without controller.
• In Second Research Paper Author introduced “Robo-chair” which is designed for
differently abled people. The objective of the research is to convert a normal
powered wheel chair to socially assistive companion robot.
• In Third Research Paper Author focuses on “Body Low back Pain” which is a big
problem at work sites. To overcome this problem researcher introduced
exoskeletons.
15
16. Jens Martensson
Assistive Tools : Problems & Solutions For
“A Smart Walker”
Authors Problem Solution Proposed Result Achieved Limitations
[1] An elderly age people
normally uses a
traditional walker
without speed
controller and as they
have less balance, it is
safe and comfortable
for them to walk.
Jiwon Shin et al.
have introduces
Smart Walker
equipped with
sensors, Actuators
and software that
controls the speed
of the walker.
Smart walker uses body
sensors to collect
cognitive and sensory
inputs dynamically and
does real time health
monitoring to predict
health condition of the
elderly person and
adjusts the speed of the
walker accordingly
The weight and
dimensions of
the walker is
not suitable for
small elevators
and doors.
16
17. Jens Martensson
Assistive Tools : Technologies & Tools “A Smart Walker”
17
Autho
rs
Problems Tools And Technologies
Description of Tools And Technologies
Limitations
[1]
An elderly age people
normally uses a
traditional walker
without speed
controller and as they
have less balance, it
is safe and
comfortable for them
to walk.
Tools
Inclinometer:
Two hub engines,
Laser scanner,
Inclinometer,
Rotatable camera.
Beagle Bone
motherboard ,
Technologies
Tablet computer, both
running Ubuntu.
Description
Hub engines contain a hall effect sensor for
measuring the rotational speed of the wheel.
Laser Scanner scans 360◦ at 1◦ resolution
with the speed of 250 ms per one 360◦ scan.
Inclinometer measures the pitch of the
ground
Beagle Bone motherboard receives sensory
data and controls actuators.
Tablet processes computationally intensive
algorithms and acts as a display for the user
interface
The weight and
dimensions of the
walker is not suitable
for small elevators
and doors.
19. Jens Martensson
Assistive Tools : Problems & Solutions For
“ Assistive Robo Chair”
19
Authors Problem Solution Proposed Result Achieved Limitations
[5] A physically
handicapped
peoples can not
walk they used
normally uses a
wheel chair
without voice
controller and
touch screen
Chandimal
Jayawardena and
Nilufar Baghaei
introduces socially
assistive robo chair.
It is carry a person
and it help for
moving peoples with
different controls.
Socially assistive robo
chair is Integration
with social networks
and Health
educational content
and communication
with family members
can also possible with
use of video
conferencing.
It is move to only
some areas it can not
move to long distance
due to battery issue .
20. Jens Martensson
Assistive Tools : Technologies & Tools “Assistive Robo Chair”
20
Authors Problems Tools And Technologies
Description of Tools And Technologies
Limitations
[5] A physically
handicapped peoples
can not walk they
used normally uses a
wheel chair without
voice controller and
touch screen
Tools
Kinect sensor
Main controller
Touch screen
Body weight sensor
Laser range finder
Technologies
Touch screen tablet
Description
• Kinect sensor is a line of
motion sensing input device.
Main controller is a main controller
of chair all control done with this.
With use of touch screen Human can
operate this chair this touch screen.
Body weight sensor is use for the
body weight
It is move to only
some areas it can not
move to long distance
due to battery issue ..
22. Jens Martensson
Assistive Tools : Problems & Solutions For
“Exoskeleton Suit”
22
Authors Problem Solution Proposed Result Achieved Limitations
[8] Now-a-days there are
people having back
pain and because of
aging the people is
finding difficulty in
bending doing work
or even sometimes in
walking also and
some people can not
work due to age
problem
In solution Kosuke
Tsuneyasu and
Ayumu Ohno made
a exoskeleton suit
helps the people in
reducing the muscle
fatigue it will
remove back pain
and peoples can
easily move and
walk .
.
The soft
exoskeleton suit
can be used not
only to improve
working
performance
in the construction
site, but also to
augment daily
activities
including sports
This makes them bulky
expensive and suitable
for only a limited
number of motions and
also battery issue and
compressor issue.
23. Jens Martensson
Assistive Tools : Technologies & Tools “Exoskeleton Suit”
23
Authors Problem Tools And Technologies Description of Tools And
Technologies
Limitations
[8] Now-a-days there are
people having back
pain and because of
aging the people is
finding difficulty in
bending doing work or
even sometimes in
walking also and some
people can not work
due to age problem
Tools
Artificial
muscle
Telescopic
sensor
Air
compressor
Pressure
transducer
Technologies
Arduino
Description
Artificial muscle is connect and
contract, expand with original
muscle.
Telescopic sensor:- It is monitor
the posture.
• Air compressor is pressure
controlled with controller and
the air supply piping is
supplies to the compressed air.
Pressure transducer is use for the
magnitude force.
Arduino is refers to an open-source
electronics platform or board and
the software used to program it.
This makes them bulky
expensive and suitable for
only a limited number of
motions and also battery issue
and compressor issue.
25. Jens Martensson
Rescue Robot
• In the Rescue robotos the researchers introduced “Robotic Spreader”
locate and save the survivors in earthquake areas. This spreader tool
drived by hydraulic actuator can spreads the gap from 3cm to 20cm with
lOOOkg payload and make gap between 3cm to 20cm.
25
26. Jens Martensson
Rescue Robot : Problems & Solutions For
“Robotic Spreader”
26
Authors Problem Solution Proposed Result Achieved Limitations
[6] In the earthquake
movements many
peoples are died
because of the
heavy weights of
any building and
also get stuck
because of this
building so people
can live for long
time.
In solution Zhang
Guowei, and Wang
Cong made robot
robotic spreader it
can lift heavy weight
means 1000kg to
1200kg maximum.
The
robotic spreader can be
used lift heavy building
weights so the stuck
peoples can easily go to
outside.
This robotic
spreader can not
hold the multiple
weight at the same
time and can not
lift more than
1200kg.
27. Jens Martensson
Rescue Robot : Technologies & Tools “Robotic Spreader”
27
Authors Problems Tools And Technologies
Description of Tools And Technologies
Limitations
[6] In the earthquake
movements
many peoples
are died because
of the heavy
weights of any
building and also
get stuck
because of this
building so
people can live
for long time..
Tools
Camara :
Hydraulic tube
Electric hydraulic
pump
Wireless
communication
operator,
Technologies
Control Unit :
Description
Camara is used for view.
Hydraulic tube is open gap for the
take weight.
Electric hydraulic pump is convert
the power mechanical power to
hydraulic energy for the take load.
Wireless communication operator
is use for the radio signal and
wireless signal user to robot.
Control Unit is control unit all the
radio control and hardware
components controlled by this unit
This robotic spreader can
not hold the multiple
weight at the same time
and can not lift more
than 1200kg
29. Jens Martensson
Floor Cleaning Robot
• In the paper researchers introduced “floor cleaning robot” use for the
clean the floor enviroments. A mobile robot with sweeping,vacuum
station and wiping capacity.It can use auto mode and manual mode.In
manual mode it is control with android application.
.
29
30. Jens Martensson
Floor Cleaning : Problems & Solutions For
“Floor Cleaning Robot”
30
Authors Problem Solution Proposed Result Achieved Limitations
[7]
Cleaning and
taking care of our
domestic
environment have
became a problem
which leades to
unclean floors,
roads, gardens etc.
it is usually
boring,tedious and
repetitive task for
the human
Jiauz Zaman made a
Cleaning Robot robot
can avoid collisions with
dynamic obstacles
through the fusion of
information and clean
the large area in very fast
speed.
Floor Cleaning Robot
clean the floor so the
cleaning efficiencies of
85% and 92% in the auto
mode and manal mode
clean the floor closer to the
wall upto an average
distance of ≈16 cm at a
cleaning rate of ≈180 cm2
/sec
The robot moves in
zig zag partten in
autonomos mode
where you have to
control the robot and
it make gap 15cm to
the wall so that part
can not clean.
31. Jens Martensson
Floor Cleaning : Technologies & Tools “Floor Cleaning Robot”
31
Authors Problems Tools And Technologies
Description of Tools And Technologies
Limitations
[7] Cleaning and taking
care of our domestic
environment have
became a problem
which leades to
unclean floors, roads,
gardens etc. it is
usually boring,tedious
and repetitive task for
the human
Tools
Dc Motor
Centrifugal Fan Casing
Detachable Dust Cabin
Technologies
Android application
Description
Dc Motor is converts direct current
electrical energy into mechanical
energy.
Centrifugal Fan Casing is a fan it
used for the cleaning
Detachable Dust Cabin with air
filter it take all the dust
Android application:- With use of
android application the robot can
use in manual mode.
The weight and
dimensions of the
walker is not
suitable for small
elevators and doors.
33. Jens Martensson
Swarm Robot
• Authors of this paper introduced about the SWARM robotic approach, in which the
group of small robots divide the works. And make the finish the work fast as
possible.
33
34. Jens Martensson
Swarm Robot: Problems & Solutions
Authors Problem Solution Proposed Result Achieved Limitations
[9] One single robot takes much
time than simple multi-robots
less.
Use simple multi-robot
common job to make
work more efficient.
Multiple Small robots Can finish
task faster than one single
robot.
Problem is
dividing the task
between those
robots.
Need to
improve the
algorithms for
this approach.
34
35. Jens Martensson
Swarm Robot: Technologies & Tools
35
Autho
rs
Problems Tools And Technologies
Description of Tools And Technologies
Limitations
[9]
One single robot
takes much time
than simple multi-
robots
less.companies
that provide the
services do not
have enough
trained personal to
satisfy this
opportunity.
•Tools are individual to
the different robots. We
can use multiple simple
drones.
Description
•Motors: 1 per propeller, drone motors are
rated in “kV” units which equates to the
number of revolutions per minute it can
achieve when a voltage of 1 volt is supplied to the motor
with no load. A faster motor spin will give more flight
power, but requires more power from the battery
resulting in a
decreased flight time.
•Flight Controller: the onboard computer
which interprets incoming signals sent from the pilot and
sends corresponding inputs to the ESC to control the
quadcopter.
•Battery: generally lithium polymer batteries
are used due to high power density and ability to
recharge.
Problem is dividing
the task between
those robots.
Need to improve
the algorithms for
this approach.
37. Jens Martensson
Robot Suit
• There is another technology called HAL Robot Suit, during carrying the human can
get injuries in back and other body part. HAL suit helps users to lift more weights
than normal human can lift. We aim to develop the Hybrid helpful Lims (HAL) so
as to enhance and upgrade the human capabilities supported the frontier science
Cybernics.
37
38. Jens Martensson
Robot Suit: Problems & Solutions
Authors Problem Solution Proposed Result Achieved Limitations
[10] Problem of carrying the
weights. Getting injured during
lifting the weight.
To avoid this problem,
researchers make HAL
robot to carry weights
without more efforts.
Humans Can carry weight more
than their limitations.
HAL robot can carry
maximum 40kg-50
kg.
38
39. Jens Martensson
Robot Suit: Technologies & Tools
39
Autho
rs
Problems Tools And Technologies
Description of Tools And Technologies
Limitations
[10]
Problem of carrying
the weights. While
human carrying
more weights than
their limitation can
be getting injured.
•Bioelectrical
sensors,
•Angular sensors,
•Acceleration
sensors,
•Floor reaction force
•Sensors.
Bioelectrical signals,
Including myoelectricity,
are useful and reliable information to
estimate a human’s motion
intentions because the signals are
measured just before corresponding
visible muscle
activities.
It has the
limitation of the
weight.
The user can
carry limited
weight in some
range.
41. Jens Martensson
Agriculture Robot
• In this paper, author presents the Drone Technology in agricultural domain which
can monitor the activity of the farm. The main applications of drone in
agriculture are a unit irrigation, crop watching, and soil and field analysis and
bird management.
41
42. Jens Martensson
Agriculture Robot: Problems & Solutions
Authors Problem Solution Proposed Result Achieved Limitations
[11] Agriculture sector is the most
promising
sector, dealing with the lot of
problems now a day’s one of the
main problems is labour
unavailability for farming. Other
problems or difficulties are extreme
weatherevents,
inadequate amount and inefficient
application of fertilizer, infection,
diseases, allergies and other health
problems due to chemical
application
Author proposed to invent
the agricultural drones
which can monitor the all
activity of the farm.
Agricultural drone Can
monitoring easily the all farming
activities.
•Need to obtain
government
permission in order
to use.
•Difficult to fly them
in extreme condition.
42
43. Jens Martensson
Agriculture Robot : Technologies & Tools
43
Autho
rs
Problems Tools And Technologies
Description of Tools And Technologies
Limitations
[11]
Agriculture sector
is the most
promising
sector, dealing with
the lot of problems
now a day’s one of
the main problems
is labour
unavailability for
farming. Other
problems or
difficulties are
extreme weather
events,
inadequate amount
and inefficient
application of
•Chassis,
•Propellers,
•Motors,
•Electronic Speed
Controller,
•Flight Controller,
•Radio Receiver,
•Battery.
Description
•Chassis:
The chassis design is
a trade-off between strength (especially
when
additional weights such as cameras are
attached) and additional weight, which will
require longer propellers and stronger
motors
to lift.
•Propellers: principally effect load the
drone
can carry the speed it can fly and the speed
it
Can manoeuvre.
•Motors: 1 per propeller, drone motors are
rated in “kV” units which equates to the
•Need to obtain
government
permission in order
to use.
•Difficult to fly them
in extreme
condition.
45. Jens Martensson
Smart Stroller Robot
• In this paper author introduced about autonomous technology. In this Technology,
there is smart stroller which moves as per human movements, the user don’t need to
touch and to push the stroller.
45
46. Jens Martensson
Smart Stroller Robot: Problems & Solutions
Authors Problem Solution Proposed Result Achieved Limitations
[12] There comes lots of problem
while moving things in the
stroller, It takes too much
efforts from the human.
Human have to push the
stroller, it takes too much time
to reach at destination.
The Technology proposed
to add ultrasonic censor
in this stroller. So, the cart
moves as per the user’s
movement.
It can be used for baby carrying,
for industrial job and daily
activities.
In this stroller,
human cannot carry
more than 80kg.
46
47. Jens Martensson
Smart Stroller Robot: Technologies & Tools
47
Autho
rs
Problems Tools And Technologies
Description of Tools And Technologies
Limitations
[12]
There comes lots
of problem while
moving things in
the stroller, It takes
too much efforts
from the human.
Human have to
push the stroller, it
takes too much
time to reach at
destination.
Tools
•ULTRASONIC S
ENSOR,
•DC Motor Driver,
•Atmega Microcontroller
Discription
•ULTRASONIC SENSOR :-It has ranging
distance of 2cm to 500cm. Its quiescent
current
is less than 2mA and its operates on 5V DC.
Ultrasonic sensor works on the
principle of reflection.
•DC Motor Driver:-
L293D is a motor driver integrated circuit
and it acts as current amplifiers. They
accept a low current
control signal from the controller and
provides higher current signal as output.
This higher current signal is
used to drive the motors.
•Atmega Microcontroller:-
Atmega microcontroller is used for
•It has the
limitation of the
weight.
•The user can
carry limited weight
in some range.
49. Jens Martensson
References
1. Jiwon Shin* Ivo Steinmann* Bertrand Meyer*† *Chair of Software Engineering, Department of
Computer Science, ETH Zürich, Switzerland †Software Engineering Lab, Innopolis University,
Kazan, Russia jiwon.shin@inf.ethz.ch, ivost@student.ethz.ch, bertrand.meyer@inf.ethz.ch
2. Alexander López Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú lopez.alexander@pucp.pe Francisco
Cuéllar Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú cuellar.ff@pucp.pe
3. Ji-young In Dept. of Linguistics, Chungnam National University Yuseong-ku, Daehak-ro 99
Daejeon, Republic of Korea 82-42-821-6391 injy0729@cnu.ac.kr Jeong-hye Han Cheongju
National University of Education Cheong Nam-ro 2065, Cheongju ChungBuk, Republic of Korea
82-43-299-0853 hanjh@cje.ac.kr
4. Hernando Leon-Rodriguez1,2,3, Tariq Sattar2, Jong-Oh Park 3 1Nueva Granada Military University,
Colombia, hernando.leon@unimilitar.edu.co 2Centre for Automated and Robotic NDT, London
South Bank University, England, sattar@lsbu.ac.uk 3Robot Research Initiative, Chonnam National
University, Korea, sko@jnu.ac.kr (Tel: 82-62-530-1679, Tel: 44 207 815 7051)
5. Chandimal Jayawardena1, Nilufar Baghaei1, Kathiravelu Ganeshan1, and Abdolhossein
Sarrafzadeh1
6. Zhang Guowei, Li Bin, Li Zhiqiang, Wang Cong, Zhang Handuo State Key Laboratory of Robotics
Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang, China {
zhgw,libin}@sia.cn Shang hong, Hu Weijian, Zhang Tao National Earthquake Response Support
Service Beijing, China {shong660@ 163.com 49
50. Jens Martensson
References
7. Arnab K. Bordoloi1, Md. Faheemul Islam2, Jiauz Zaman1, Nabasmita Phukan3 and Nayan M Kakoty3
1Department of Electrical Engineering 2Department of Mechanical Engineering Jorhat Engineering College Jorhat,
INDIA 3Embedded Systems and Robotics Lab School of Engineering Tezpur University Tezpur, INDIA
nkakoty@tezu.ernet.in
8. KosukeTsuneyasu HiroshimaUniversity kosuketsuneyasu@hiroshima-u.ac.jp AyumuOhno
DaiyaIndustryCo.,Ltd ohno@daiyak.co.jp YoshiyukiFukuda DaiyaIndustryCo.,Ltd KazunoriOgawa
DaiyaIndustryCo.,Ltd,Hiroshima University k.ogawa@daiya-lab.jp
9. Yogeswaran Mohan School of Engineering, Monash University, Sunway campus, 46150 Petaling Jaya,
Selangor, Malaysia yogeswaran.mohan@eng.monash.edu.my
10. Yoshiyuki Sankai
11. S. Ahirwar*, R. Swarnkar, S. Bhukya and G. Namwade College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology,
Anand Agricultural University, Godhra, Gujarat-389001, India
12. Kirubasankar D1, Kiran Kumar B2, Mohammad Sikkandar Basha3, Subhash J Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering, Adhiyamaan College of Engineering, Hosur, TN, India..
50