This document discusses the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and related topics. It provides an outline of the MDG goals and indicators. It discusses the status of achieving the MDGs in Kenya and Brazil, including initiatives like the Pastoral da Crianca in Brazil which helped reduce infant mortality. It also summarizes key facts and figures related to progress on each of the 8 MDG goals around the world. National movements in Brazil like Movimento Nacional da Cidadania Solidária are highlighted for their role in mobilizing society to achieve the MDGs. Lessons learned from initiatives in Brazil like "Yes We Can Paraná" are also summarized.

1. Dialogue Circle
Millenium Development Goal
MDG
Rosane Fontoura
Rosane Fontoura- Brazil and Kenya

2. Lesson Outline
• SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
• MDG IN AFRICA AND KENYA
• MDG IN NAIROBI ( Asee Anee)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
MDG 1
MDG 2
MDG 3
MDG 4
MDG 5
MDG 6
MDG 7
MDG 8
• MOVEMENT WE CAN in Brazil
• DIALOGUE CIRCLE
2

4. MDG – around the world

5. MDG – around the world

7. World `s challenges
• In the United Nations Millennium Summit in 2000,
191 countries adopted MDGs
– Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger by half relative
to 1990
– Achieve universal primary education
– Promote gender equality and empower women
– Ensure environmental sustainability
– Reduce child mortality by two thirds relative to 1990
– Improve maternal health, including reducing maternal
mortality by three quarters relative to 1990
– Prevent the spread of HIV/ AIDS, malaria and other
diseases
– Develop a global partnership for development

8. Development SustaInable
"Sustainable
development is development that meets the needs of the present
without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs". It
contains two key concepts Gro Brundtland (Noruega)

9. Population

11. 1. Micronésia: 3143
2. Tonga: 3092
3. Emirados Árabes: 3017
4. Catar: 3007
7. Bahrein: 2889
8. Estados Unidos: 2874
9. Arábia Saudita: 2857
32. UK: 2719
33. Argentina: 2718
79. Brazil: 2647
Kenya

15. ENVIRONMEN
T
SUSTAINABLE

16. Players

19. Facts
• Poverty rates have been halved, and about 700 million
fewer people lived in conditions of extreme poverty in 2010
than in 1990.
• The economic and financial crisis has widened the global
jobs gap by 67 million people.
• One in eight people still go to bed hungry, despite major
progress.
• Globally, nearly one in six children under age five are
underweight; one in four are stunted.
• An estimated 7 per cent of children under age five
worldwide
• are now overweight, another aspect of malnutrition; one
quarter of
• these children live in sub-Saharan Africa.

20. Status of MDGs in Kenya
Goal 1
• Population living below the poverty
reduced from 52.3% in 2000 to
45.9% in 2006 (KIHBS 2005/06)
– Recent WB estimates between 34-40%.
•
2/6/2014
http://www.planning.go.ke/
20

22. Brazil ´s Case

23. Meta 1 (Indicador 1): Pobreza extrema é hoje menos
de um quinto daquela em 1990...se o ritmo da redução
se mantiver, a pobreza extrema será erradicada em
2013-2014.
25,6
20,8
19,6
16,4 16,8 17,0
15,4 14,9
14,0
11,3
Meta ONU = 12,8%
12,0
Meta Brasil = 6,4%
9,7
8,1
6,7
6,1
4,8
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
% população com menos de US$ 1,25 ppc/dia (linha de pobreza)
Fontes:
Renda: IBGE, Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios, PNAD.
Fatores PPC: Nações Unidas, Divisão de Estatísticas (Banco Mundial, ICP 2005).
Inflação média anual do Brasil e dos EUA: Fundo Monetário Internacional, World Economic Outlook, 2009.

26. • In 2011, 57 million children of primary
school age were out of school, down from
102 million in 2000.
• XX More than half of these out-ofschool
children live in sub-Saharan Africa.
• XX Globally, 123 million youth (aged 15 to
24) lack basic reading and writing skills; 61
per cent of them are young women.

27. Status of MDGs in Kenya
Goal 2
• Net Enrolment Rate in primary school
has been rising steadily from 67.8% in
2000 to 95.3% in 2012.
• Primary to secondary school transition
rate increased from 66.9% in 2009 to
73.3% in 2011
•
2/6/2014
http://www.planning.go.ke/
27

28. Enrollment primary education
Number of students enrolled - primary education
8600
8400
8200
8000
'000
7800
7600
base
7400
7200
7000
6800
6600
6400
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

29. Primary completion rate
Primary completion rate
120.0
100.0
%
80.0
base
60.0
target
40.0
20.0
0.0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

30. Enrollment secondary education
Number of students enrolled - secondary education
3000
2500
'000
2000
1500
base
1000
500
0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

31. Enrollment tertiary education
Number of students enrolled - tertiary education
600
500
'000
400
300
base
200
100
0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

33. • Gender parity is closest to being achieved at
the primary level; however, only 2 out of 130
countries have achieved that target at all
levels of education.
• Globally, 40 out of 100 wageearning jobs in
the non-agricultural sector are held by
women.
• As of 31 January 2013, the average share of
women members in parliaments worldwide
was just over 20 per cent.

37. Status of MDGs in Kenya
Goal 3
• Proportion of female MPs increased from 4.1% in 2000
to 9.9% in 2009.
– The proportion of competitively elected women decreased to
about 5% in the 2013 General elections.
– However, there are now 47 women MPs, due to provisions in
the new Constitution.
• The gender parity index in primary schools enrolment
has been achieved (Economic Survey 2013).
• The total share of women in wage employment in the
non-agricultural sector rose to 31.9% in 2011 from
29.5% in 2000.
2/6/2014
37

38. Tawakkul
Karman
Leymah
Gbowee,
Ellen
Johnson
Sirleaf,

39. Wangari Muta Maathai was born in Nyeri, Kenya
(Africa) in 1940.

43. • since 1990, the child mortality rate has
dropped by 41 per cent; 14,000 fewer
children are dying each day.
• Still, 6.9 million children under age five
died in 2011—mostly from preventable
diseases.
• In sub-Saharan Africa, one in nine children
die before age five, more than 16 times
the average for developed regions.

44. Status of MDGs in Kenya
Goal 4
• Infant mortality rates reduced to 52/ 1000
in 2008/9 from 77/ 1,000 live births in
2003
• under-five mortality rate decreased from
115 to 74 deaths per 1,000 live births in
2009.
• The proportion of 1-2 year olds fully
immunized was 81% in 2012 up from
76.1% in 2000
2/6/2014

46. While government action has played a
major role, the Pastoral da Crianca is
widely credited with spearheading the
drive to reduce infant mortality rates in
Brazil.
The group, which aims to train mothers in
basic healthcare and healthy eating, was
founded in 1983 by Zilda Arns, a
legendary Brazilian medic and aid worker,
and now boasts a network of 260,000
volunteers across the country from the Rio
favelas to the remote riverside
communities of the Amazon jungle and the
arid backlands of north-east Brazil, where
" Costa was born.

47. Welcome to the frontline of a three-decade
battle against infant mortality in Brazil, a
country that has managed to drastically
reduce death rates over the last 30 years,
saving tens of thousands of young lives
"Bolsa Familia mothers are breast-feeding
more. Pregnant women are doing more
pre-natal,"

48. 3. Causes of Child MortalityKenya 188,928
3%
19%
Neonatal
causes =
31% of
under 5
mortality
16%
3%
8%
20%
10%
9%
10%
1%
11%
Pneumonia
Diarrhoeal Causes
HIV/AIDS
Malaria
Measles
Prematurity
Birth Asphyxia
Neonatal Sepsis
Congential Anomalies
Other diseases
Injuries
48
Source: World Health Statistics 2011, WHO

51. • in Eastern Asia, Northern Africa and Southern
Asia, maternal mortality has declined by
around two thirds.
• Only half of pregnant women in developing
regions receive the recommended minimum
of four antenatal care visits.
• Some 140 million women worldwide who are
married or in union say they would like to
delay or avoid pregnancy, but are not using
contraception.

52. Status of MDGs in Kenya
Goal 5
• Only 43.8% of births are attended to by trained
health personnel- marked regional disparities exist
• Maternal mortality rate increased from 414 per
100,000 live births in 2003 to 488 per 100,000 in
2008/09.
– Abolishment of maternity fees in Public health facilities
in 2013.
• The proportion of women using a method of
contraception rose from 39.3% in 2003 to 46 % in
2011
• Unmet need for family planning was at 24% in
2011.
2/6/2014
52

54. According to studies, nearly
3 in every 10 teenage girls
are having babies. The age
bracket is normally between
15 to 19 and in most cases
these are normally school
going children either in
primary or secondary
school, who as a result of
the unwanted pregnancies
are forced to drop out of
Society cultural
prejudices - a key barrier
to continued education
among pregnant teen
girls’

55. Several factors which include
peer pressure
rape
cultural practices
lack of sexual awareness
abuse of alcohol and drugs
association is with poverty
lack access to contraception
economic crisis
What else ??????

58. • In 2011, 230,000 fewer children under age
15 were infected with HIV than in 2001.
• Eight million people were receiving
antiretroviral therapy for HIV at the end of
2011.
• In the decade since 2000, 1.1 million
deaths from malaria were averted.
• Treatment for tuberculosis has saved some
20 million lives between 1995 and 2011.

59. Malaria affects an estimated 300-500
million people worldwide each year,
resulting in 1.5-2.7 million deaths
yearly, the majority of whom are
children. In addition to the disease's
direct impact on individuals and their
families, malaria has been shown to
have a significant impact on the
economic
growth
of
affected
populations,
costing
Africa
an
estimated $12 billion in lost GDP
growth every year.

61. The targets cover a large share of the
burden of disease & deaths among poor
people
Child mortality:
10.4 million/y
Maternal deaths: 0.5 million/y
AIDS:
2.9 million/y
TB:
1.6 million/y
Malaria
1.1 million/y

62. Status of MDGs in Kenya
Goal 6
• The national HIV prevalence (age group
15-24 years) reduced from 3.6% in 2003
to 3.0% (2008-9 KDHS).
• The national HIV prevalence (age group
15-49 years) reduced from 6.7% in 2003
(KAIS, 2007) to 6.3% in (2008-9 KDHS).
– Regional disparities in data
– Gender disparities in prevalence rates
2/6/2014
More at http://www.planning.go.ke/
62

65. from 1990
to 2011—
• More than 2.1 billion people have gained access to
improved drinking water sources since 1990, exceeding the
MDG target
• Over 240,000 people a day gained access to improved
sanitation facilities impressive but not enough
• Between 2000 and 2010, over 200 million slum dwellers
gained access to improved water sources,sanitation
facilities, durable housing or sufficient living space, thereby
exceeding the 100 million MDG target.
• In fact, between 2010 and 2012 alone, conditions improved
to the point where an additional 44 million people were no
longer considered to be living in slums.

66. Status of MDGs in Kenya
Goal 7
• The proportion of households drawing their drinking
water from clean sources stood at 52.6% in 2011. Since
2009, an additional 5.9 million people have been given
access to clean drinking water through rehabilitation
and expansion of urban and rural water supplies.
• The proportion of households with access to adequate
sanitation stood at 61.2% 2011 (2009 Census).
• National forest cover at 4%(2011 MDGs Status Report) .
Current estimates of forest cover are at 6% (KFS 2012).
More at http://www.planning.go.ke/
2/6/2014
66

69. Goals
South South – BRAZIL AND AFRICA TOGETHER
IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE THE MDG

70. Status of MDGs in Kenya
Goal 8
• Great improvement in ICTs ; Internet use and
Mobile Telephony
• Trade related targets lagging behind
More at http://www.planning.go.ke/
2/6/2014
70

72. KEY HIGHLIGHTS OF THE POST-2015
KEYNIA
Climate change
Conflict
Governance
Security
Disability
Old age.

73. One of Brazil’s Contributions
Creation of the 8 icons for the Millennium Development Goals, now used in
over 70 countries
McCann Erickson Agency
National Citizenship Movement
Solidarity
Development
Sustainability
Partnership
Responsibility

75. National Movement for Citizenship and
Solidarity
Network of individuals and voluntary organizations
in Brazil, nonpartisan, ecumenical and pluralistic
nation that seeks to achieve the
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by 2015.
Mobilize and coordinate all sectors of
society to achieve the Millennium
Development Goals by 2015.

76. OBJECTIVES OF “YES WE CAN PARANÁ”
ESTABLISH BASELINES AND DISSEMINATE the situation of the Millennium
Development Goals in Paraná.
Encourage the voluntary commitment of people and institutions to reach the
MDGs by 2015.
Create spaces for dialogue and for prototyping new projects and initiatives,
consolidating a PARANÁ NETWORK for the MDGs.
Encourage the IMPLEMENTATION OF PROJECTS, PROGRAMS AND
INITIATIVES to achieve the MDGs in the State.
Monitor the Millennium Indicators to CHECK PROGRESS.
Encourage the organization of COMMUNITIES OF PRACTICE aimed at
sharing information and multiplying successful efforts.

77. KEY SUCESS ELEMENTS,
we learned many lessons during our program;
First, it was important to aligning the MDGs with public policy in the
state
For that, it was useful that we connected the local circles to a National
platform and the unified social agenda
We also engaged civil society and private sector, showing them that
achievement of development goals is also their responsibility
We made na effort to work both with the “top” (leaders from all social
sectors) and the “bottom” (communities and beneficiaries)
We combined action – monitoring and dissemination, wich reinforced each
other.
Second, sensitization of State / Municipal authorities (Executive and
Parliament)
We develop a permanent mobilization process to
Include the MDGs in the public agenda for that, and here we get the third
key element...
Third, community pressure for action was key, that is why awareness
raising and monitoring were so important

78. Other KEY SUCESS ELEMENT,
we learned many lessons during our program;
Fourth - localization, alignment, zeal, care
•
•
•
•
•
Our methodology was able to create a common dialogue
platform, with clear process and goals, that involved all
volunteers in the actions needed
It was important to constantly show commitment to results and
give the appropriete incentives, through awards and public
recognition
We relied on voluntary mobilization, believing that people do
more when they have the right motivation, when they care
about results
Our process incentived joint, participatory work, to coordinate
and articulate the actions towards the same goals.
It was key to be able to provide technical support and capacity
development for partners that wanted to contribute: we needed
to overcome the barrier of wanting to do something but not
knowing what or how.
Finally, the key lesson is that we need to motivate
participation and add quality to the decision and
implementation processes

79. PARANÁ STATE
•
Between 1991 and 2004 the percentage of the “paranaenses” below
the poverty line dropped from 40% to 19,9% of population.
•
In 13 years, between 1990 and 2003, Paraná reduced almost to half the
rate of mortality in children under 5 years of age passing from 39 to 20
the number of deaths for each thousand children born alive
(achievement of 74% if the established goal)
•
During the same period there was a 61% drop in the rate of maternal
mortality.
•
People without access to canalized water in at least one room dropped
from 34% to 16% between 1990 and 2004

80. METHODOLOGY
DIALOGUE CIRCLES
Dialogues to define in a participative way what wil be
the main priority projects for each community, and to
draw the action plans to implement them.
WORK
CIRCLES
Establishment of partnerships between the various
social actors, to ensure and facilitate
implementation, and to monitor results
KNOWLEDGE CIRCLES
Group gathering people various skills and
competences, to identify and analyze
opportunities, and develop local capacity to
implement projects.

82. DIALOGUE CIRCLES
APPRECIATIVE INVESTIGATION
Constructivist methodology, which
brings to light the collective
imagination of the dreamed future,
planning and putting shared actions
into action.

83. DIALOGUE CIRCLE WE CAN NAIROBI

84. MEETING GOALS
– WE CAN NAIROBI
– PLAN ACTIONS OF THE GROUP

85. WORKS GROUPS
• Formation of Working Groups
MDG (03 min)
3a 5 persons

86. Presentation
minutes)
(10
• Who am I
• Tell us a little about yourself and some project or
action that you participate, participate or would like
to participate, to contribute in some way to the
achievement of the Millennium Development Goals.

87. Roles
( 05 min)
• Leader of Dialogue: Ensures that all voices are heard
within the time available. Keeps the group focused on
the subject
• Editor: Join the group results, using the words of the
person speaking. Asks people to record their ideas
• Spokesperson: Displays the plenary group work at the
time specified

88. Dream
(10 min)
• Imagine that your city all the MDGs Millennium Development Goals were
achieved. Use your imagination and describe
in detail this city in all its aspects

89. • More than 2.1 billion people and almost 1.9 billon people,
• respectively, have gained access to improved water sources
and
• sanitation facilities since 1990.
• An estimated 863 million people reside in slums in the
developing world.
• Global emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) have increased by
more than 46 per cent since 1990.
• Nearly one third of marine fish stocks have been
overexploited.
• Many species are at risk of extinction, despite an increase
in
• protected areas.

90. On presentation of the MDG indicators for
Kenya and Nairobi, which actions together
that the group can perform to achieve the
MDGs - Millennium Development Goal
chosen by the group.

91. Action ´s Plan
Among the actions proposed by
the group develop a plan of
action that the group consider
essential . Plan action of
priority action (20 minutes)

92. 5 W 2 H - Design
What ?
Who?
Where?
Why?
When?
How Much (Resources)
How (Know)

93. www.nospodemos.org.br
www.portalodm.org.br
www.odmbrasil.gov.br
Esta apresentação é um
esboço a mesma será
diagramada e revisada