2. 2Rushdi Shams, Dept of CSE, KUET, Bangladesh
The do-while Loop StructureThe do-while Loop Structure
3. 3Rushdi Shams, Dept of CSE, KUET, Bangladesh
The do-while LoopThe do-while Loop
There is a minor difference between the workingThere is a minor difference between the working
ofof whilewhile andand do-whiledo-while loopsloops
This difference is the place where the conditionThis difference is the place where the condition
is testedis tested
TheThe whilewhile tests the condition before executingtests the condition before executing
any of the statements within theany of the statements within the whilewhile looploop
do-whiledo-while tests the condition after havingtests the condition after having
executed the statements within the loopexecuted the statements within the loop
4. 4Rushdi Shams, Dept of CSE, KUET, Bangladesh
The do-while LoopThe do-while Loop
This meansThis means do-whiledo-while would execute itswould execute its
statements at least once, even if the conditionstatements at least once, even if the condition
fails for the first timefails for the first time
5. 5Rushdi Shams, Dept of CSE, KUET, Bangladesh
while versus do-whilewhile versus do-while
6. 6Rushdi Shams, Dept of CSE, KUET, Bangladesh
break and continue in do-whilebreak and continue in do-while
breakbreak andand continuecontinue are used withare used with do-whiledo-while justjust
as they would be in aas they would be in a whilewhile or aor a forfor looploop
AA breakbreak takes you out of thetakes you out of the do-whiledo-while
bypassing the conditional test. Abypassing the conditional test. A continuecontinue sendssends
you straight to the test at the end of the loopyou straight to the test at the end of the loop
7. 7Rushdi Shams, Dept of CSE, KUET, Bangladesh
The switch StatementThe switch Statement
The control statement that allows us to make aThe control statement that allows us to make a
decision from the number of choices is called adecision from the number of choices is called a
switchswitch
8. 8Rushdi Shams, Dept of CSE, KUET, Bangladesh
General form of switchGeneral form of switch
9. 9Rushdi Shams, Dept of CSE, KUET, Bangladesh
switch Statement: unleashedswitch Statement: unleashed
The integer expression following the keywordThe integer expression following the keyword
switchswitch is any C expression that will yield anis any C expression that will yield an
integer value. It could be an integer constant likeinteger value. It could be an integer constant like
1, 2 or 3, or an expression that evaluates to an1, 2 or 3, or an expression that evaluates to an
integerinteger
The keywordThe keyword casecase is followed by an integer or ais followed by an integer or a
character constantcharacter constant
Each constant in eachEach constant in each casecase must be differentmust be different
from all the othersfrom all the others
10. 10Rushdi Shams, Dept of CSE, KUET, Bangladesh
What happens when we run aWhat happens when we run a
program containing aprogram containing a switchswitch??
The integer expression following the keywordThe integer expression following the keyword switchswitch isis
evaluated.evaluated.
The value it gives is then matched, one by one, againstThe value it gives is then matched, one by one, against
the constant values that follow thethe constant values that follow the casecase statements.statements.
When a match is found, the program executes theWhen a match is found, the program executes the
statements following thatstatements following that casecase, and all subsequent, and all subsequent casecase
andand defaultdefault statements as well.statements as well.
If no match is found with any of theIf no match is found with any of the casecase statements,statements,
only the statements following theonly the statements following the defaultdefault are executed.are executed.
11. 11Rushdi Shams, Dept of CSE, KUET, Bangladesh
Unusual behaviour of switchUnusual behaviour of switch
12. 12Rushdi Shams, Dept of CSE, KUET, Bangladesh
Making the unusual behaviour- usualMaking the unusual behaviour- usual
13. 13Rushdi Shams, Dept of CSE, KUET, Bangladesh
Do I need cases in serial?Do I need cases in serial?
14. 14Rushdi Shams, Dept of CSE, KUET, Bangladesh
Can I use characters in cases?Can I use characters in cases?
17. 17Rushdi Shams, Dept of CSE, KUET, Bangladesh
if versus switchif versus switch
The disadvantage ofThe disadvantage of switchswitch is that one cannotis that one cannot
have a case in ahave a case in a switchswitch which looks like:which looks like:
case i <= 20 :case i <= 20 :
All that we can have after the case is anAll that we can have after the case is an intint
constant or aconstant or a charchar constant or an expressionconstant or an expression
that evaluates to one of these constants. Even athat evaluates to one of these constants. Even a
floatfloat is not allowed.is not allowed.
18. 18Rushdi Shams, Dept of CSE, KUET, Bangladesh
if versus switchif versus switch
The advantage ofThe advantage of switchswitch overover ifif is that it leadsis that it leads
to a more structured program and the level ofto a more structured program and the level of
indentation is manageable, more so if there areindentation is manageable, more so if there are
multiple statements within eachmultiple statements within each casecase of aof a
switchswitch..
19. 19Rushdi Shams, Dept of CSE, KUET, Bangladesh
switch and case expressionsswitch and case expressions
The following expressions are valid-The following expressions are valid-
switch ( i + j * k )switch ( i + j * k )
switch ( 23 + 45 % 4 * k )switch ( 23 + 45 % 4 * k )
switch ( a < 4 && b > 7 )switch ( a < 4 && b > 7 )
Expressions can also be used in cases providedExpressions can also be used in cases provided
they are constant expressions. Thusthey are constant expressions. Thus case 3 + 7case 3 + 7
is correct, however,is correct, however, case a + bcase a + b is incorrect.is incorrect.
20. 20Rushdi Shams, Dept of CSE, KUET, Bangladesh
break and continue in switchbreak and continue in switch
TheThe breakbreak statement when used in astatement when used in a switchswitch
takes the control outside thetakes the control outside the switchswitch. However,. However,
use ofuse of continuecontinue will not take the control towill not take the control to
the beginning ofthe beginning of switchswitch as one is likely toas one is likely to
believe.believe.
21. 21Rushdi Shams, Dept of CSE, KUET, Bangladesh
Nested switchNested switch
In principle, aIn principle, a switchswitch may occur within another,may occur within another,
but in practice it is rarely done. Such statementsbut in practice it is rarely done. Such statements
would be called nestedwould be called nested switchswitch statements.statements.
22. 22Rushdi Shams, Dept of CSE, KUET, Bangladesh
Use of switchUse of switch
TheThe switchswitch statement is very useful whilestatement is very useful while
writing menu driven programs.writing menu driven programs.
