env engg 1

1. ENVIRONMENT ENGINEERING-I
CE-602
BY
PROF. SACHIN NAGAYACH
SIRTS
DEPT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

2. GROUND AND SURFACE WATER
RESOURCES
SURFACE WATER:
(a) Sea Water
(b) Rivers and Streams
(c) Natural Lakes and Ponds
(d) Artificial Impounding Reservoirs
GROUND WATER:
(a) Springs
(b) infiltration galleries
(c) infiltration wells
(d) wells & tube-wells

3. Water source
Water cycle

4. WATER QUALITY PARAMETER
PHYSICAL WATER QUALITY
PARAMETER
CHEMICAL WATER QUALITY
PARAMETER
BIOLOGICAL WATER QUALITY
PARAMETER

5. PHYSICAL WATER QUALITY
PARAMETER
SUSPENDED SOLIDS
TURBIDITY
COLOR
TASTE & ODOUR
TEMPERATURE

6. CHEMICAL WATER QUALITY
PARAMETER
DISSOLVED SOLID
 pH
ALKALINITY
HARDNESS
FLUORIDES
CHLORIDES
NITRATES
METALS

7. BIOLOGICAL WATER QUALITY
PARAMETER
 PATHOGENIC
BACTERIA
VIRUS
PROTOZOA
HELMINTHES
MICRO ORGANISM
 NON PATHOGENIC
COLIFORM

8. WATER DEMAND
DOMESTIC WATER DEMAND
 INDUSTRIAL WATER DEMAND
INSTITUTIONAL & COMMERCIAL WATER
DEMAND
DEMAND FOR PUBLIC USES
FIRE DEMAND
WATER LOSS IN THEFT & WASTE

9. DOMESTIC WATER DEMAND
Water Demand Includes The Water Required
In Private Building For Drinking, Cooking,
Bathing, Gardening Purposes Etc.
Total Domestic Water Consumption Is Near
About 50-60% Of The Total Water
Consumption
As Per IS Code The Minimum Water Required
For LIG IS 135 Lpcd And For Full Flushing
System It Shoud Be Taken As 200 Lpcd

10. INDUSTRIAL WATER DEMAND
The Industrial Water Demand Express The
Water Required For Industries Which Are
Either Existing Or Are Likely To Be Started In
Future.
 This Water Requirement Will Vary With The
Type Of Industries Present In City
 In Industrial Cities Water Requirement May
Finally Be Computed To Be As High As 450
L/H/D And As Low As 50 L/H/D

11. INSTITUTIONAL &
COMMERCIAL WATER DEMAND
It Is Vary From 20-50 L/H/D For Various Uses In
Institutes Or In Commercial Use.
1. School/College : 46-135 Lpcd
2. Offices : 45 Lpcd
3. Restaurants : 70 Lpcd
4. Cinema/Theatres : 15 Lpcd
5. Hotels : 180 Lpcd
6. Hospitals : 340-450 Lpcd
7. Airports : 70 Lpcd
8. Railway : 70 Lpcd

12. DEMAND FOR PUBLIC USES
This Includes Water Requirement For Parks,
Gardening, Washing Of Roads Etc.
A Nominal Amount, Not Exceeding 5% Of The
Total Consumption May Be Provided To Meet
This Demand
A Figure Of 10 Lpcd Is Usually Added On This
Account While Computing Total Water
Requirements.

13. FIRE DEMAND
To Control Fire Extinguishing This Demand Of
Water Is Required.
The Minimum Water Pressure Available At Fire
Hydrant Should Be Of The Order Of 100-150
Kn/M² (10-15m Of Water Head)
The Jet Streams Are Simultaneously Thrown From
Each Hydrant, The Discharge Of Each Stream
Should Be About 1100 L/Min.
The No. Of Fire Jets Required Depend Upon The
Size Of Population Given By F = 2.8√P

14. WATER LOSS IN THEFT &
WASTE
This Include The Water Lost In Leakage Due
To Bad Plumbing Or Damaged Meters, Stolen
Water Due To Unauthorized Water
Connections & Other Losses & Waste
Even In The Best Managed Water Works, This
Amount May Be As High As 15% Of The Total
Consumption Which Is Nearly 55 Lpcd
These Losses Should Be Taken Into Account
While Estimating The Total Requirements.

15. FLUCTUATIONS IN DEMAND
Maximum Daily Consumption : 180% Of The Avg.
Maximum Hourly Consumption : 150 % Of The
Avg.
Maximum Weekly Demand : 1.48 * Avg. Weekly
Maximum Monthly Demand : 1.28 * Avg.
Monthly
Seasonal Variation
1. In Winter
2. In Summer
3. In Rain

16. POPULATION FORECASTING
Three Factors Responsible For Change In
Population
1. Births
2. Deaths
3. Migrations
 The Population Is Calculated In Every 10 Years
In Every Census So If Need Population
Calculation For A Specific Year, Population
Forecast Is Needed

17. METHODS OF POPULATION
FORECASTING
Arithmetic Increase Method
Geometric Increase Method
Incremental Increase Method
Decreasing Growth Rate Method
Graphical Projection Or Extension Method
Comparative Graphical Method
Master Plan Or Zoning Method
Ratio Method
The Logistic Curve Method

18. Thank you