Esta apresentação, exibida durante o seminário “População e Desenvolvimento na Agenda do Cairo: balanço e desafios”, aborda os desafios e oportunidades dos países dos BRICS, destacando itens como o envelhecimento da população, as taxas de mortalidade, de urbanização e migração. Detalhes em: www.sae.gov.br

1. Partners in PopulationandDevelopment(PPD)
Demographic transition and post – transition
challenges in BRICS countries
(With specific reference to population ageing,
mortality trends, urbanization and migration
Monday March 3, 2014 (09.00AM- 13.00)
(Discussant)
Joe Thomas, PhD
Executive Director, PPD

2. Partners in Population and Development (PPD)
Outline
• Introduction
• Overall demographic profile of BRICS countries
• Populationpolicies
• Certain common policy and program
challenges

3. Partners in Population and Development (PPD)
Introductory notes
• An important initiative. (Health Diplomacy?)
• Methods- of discussion
• Populationdata in public domain- un even
• Delegates presentation structure and analysis
also varied

4. Partners in PopulationandDevelopment(PPD)

5. Partners in Population and Development (PPD)
Birth Rate (BR) and Death rate(DR)
• Death rate decreased in India
and Brazil
• Birth rate decreased in every
countryexcept Russia
• Russia is the only country
where birth and death both
rate increased.
• Birth rate is still very high in
India Brazil and SA
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
India (BR)
Brazil(BR)
Russia(BR)
China(BR)
SA (BR)
India (DR)
Brazil(DR)
Russia(DR)
China(DR)
SA(DR)
Birthrate (BR) andDeathrate(DR) from
2000-2012
2012
2000
Birth rate (crudebirth rate):Average annualnumber of births during a year per 1,000 population at midyear
Death rate (crudedeath rate):Average annualnumber of deaths during a year per 1,000 population at midyear;

6. Partners in Population and Development (PPD)
Unmet need, CPR and Adolescent Fertility
6
21
2
14
77 73
56
87
60
72
26
36
9
53
0
20
40
60
80
100
Brazil Russia India China South
Africa
Unmet need , CPR and Adoloscent
fertility rate
Unmetneed CPR Adolescent fertility rate
• Unmet need is higher
and CPR is lower in
India and SA. Statistics
for unmet need was
not available for
Russia
• Adolescent pregnancy
is very high in Brazil
and South Africa
Unmetneed: Women with an unmet need for family planning are women aged 15 to 49, married or in union, who
arefecund and sexually active but arenot using any method of
CPR: Contraceptiveprevalence rateis the percentageof women who are practicing, or whose sexual partners are
practicing, any formof contraception.; usually measured for married women ages 15-49
Adolescent Fertility rate: Adolescent fertility rate is the number of births per 1,000 women ages 15-19.

7. Partners in Population and Development (PPD)
Net Migration rate
(Differencebetween the number of persons entering and leaving a country during the year per
1,000 persons(based on midyear population).
-0,17
1,69
-0,05
-0,33
-6,24 -7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
BrazilRussiaIndiaChinaSouth
Africa
Net Migration/1000 pop
• Only Russia experience in migration
• Outmigration is high is SA
• Though the rate shows low in the case of India and China, the actual number of out migration is vast due to their
largenumber of population
• Gender segregated migration data is not available

8. Partners in Population and Development (PPD)
Urbanization
0
20
40
60
80
100
Brazil Russia India China South
Africa
87%
73.8%
31.3%
50.6%
62%
Rateof Urbanization in BRICScountries
• All the countries are
experiencing rapid
urbanization
• More than 70%
population in Russia
and brazil lives in
urban areas.
• Rapid growth of
urbanization is an
overall challenge for
the countries
Urbanization is considered here urban population,( percentage of the total population living in urban areas,
asdefined by the country) and the rateof urbanization(theprojected averagerateof change of the size of
the urban population over the given period of time.

9. Partners in Population and Development (PPD)
Gender Inequality index (GII)
0,44
0,31
0,61
0,21
0,46
0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8
Brazil
Russia
India
China
South Africa
Gender Inequality Index (GII)• China and Russia
performed much better in
comparison to the rest in
GII index.
Here the inequality measured with the combined result of
inequality on reproductive health, empowerment and the labour
market.
To calculate this inequality MMR , Adolescent fertility rate, Female
and male population with at least secondary level, Female and
male shares for parliamentary seats , Female and male labour
force participation rate
The index shows the loss in potential human development due to
inequality between female and male achievements in these
dimensions. It varies between 0, where women and men fare
equally, and 1, where either gender fares as poorly as possible in
all measured dimensions.
The country perform closure to 0, the closure they are in
diminishing inequalities

10. Partners in Population and Development (PPD)
Trend of IMR and MMR
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Trend of IMR
India
Brazil
Russia
China
SA
200
56
34 37
300
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
India Brazil Russia China SA
Status of MMR 2008-2010
2008
2010
IMR: Number of deaths of infants under one year old in a given year per 1,000 live births in the same year
MMR: The maternal mortality rate (MMR) is the annual number of female deaths per 100,000 live births from any cause related to or
aggravated by pregnancy or its management (excluding accidental or incidental causes). The MMR includes deaths during pregnancy,
childbirth, or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy, for a specified year.

11. Partners in Population and Development (PPD)
Population Policy Respone
• India:In 1952 India adopted Population policy for the first time, in 2000
India reviewed the population policy.
• China: In 1970 Chinese Government issued population policy, in 1979 the
country adopted one child policy and in 2002 the country adopted
population policy in the form of population and family planning law,
marriagelaw and in 2013 radical revision in family care law.
• South Africa:South Africa adopted population policy in 1998
• Brazil:In 2007, the Federal Government launched its “National Family
Planning Policy”

12. Partners in Population and Development (PPD)
• Monitoring the population dynamics of the BRICS countries.
• Monitoring the changing service needs/ profile of the national family
planning programs
• Shared technical support among the BRICS countries to review their
population policy in the post ICPD and MDG framework
• Explore the needs and opportunities for the sustainable MC exchange
• Potential of BRICS countries to influence the global agenda on RH and
population development.
Policy and program challenges

13. Partners in Population and Development (PPD)
Challenges and opportunities
• International obligation of member countries (Signatory to population
related global agreements)
• Need for specific data/ Gender disaggregateddata, dialogue and in-depth
analysis
• PostMDG/ ICPD challenges and opportunities, mid- term policy revision !?
• Inequity (urban- rural)
• Urbanization
• Ageing
• SRHR needs of adolescents and young people
• Migration and Immigration(Un documented migrants- skilled migrants.
Gender issues
• Changing Family planning needs (women’s fertility- higher/lower- policy)
• Families – as a the basic social unit- under duress (Policy response)
• Dealing with the challenge of “the ideology of male superiority”

14. Partners in Population and Development (PPD)
THANK YOU
PPD @20 years
PPDs20th anniversary