1.
Integrated Graphics
Bar Charts

2.
2
Learning Outcomes
Analyze and describe a bar chart
5
1 Understand the role and importance of charts and graphs.
2 Identify the types of data bar charts are used for
3 Di
ff
erentiate between di
ff
erent types of bar charts and their
functions
4 Identify ways of using bar charts professionally

3.
Why We Use
Charts and Graphs
1

4.
Graphs and charts display numbers
using shapes, colors and patterns.
4

5.
They’re especially useful for
showing comparisons, patterns
and trends.
5

6.
Bar Charts
Types of Data
2

7.
Bar charts (or bar graphs) are used
to show and compare discrete
categories of data.
8

8.
Each bar shows a specific quantity
that is not directly a
ff
ected but the
other quantities in the chart.
Discrete Data
10

9.
Bar Charts
Di
ff
erent Types
3

10.
Used to display one theme or trend.
Basic Bar Charts
12

11.
Used to show categories and subcategories
13
Grouped Bar Charts

12.
Used to show subcategories with totals
Stacked Bar Charts
14

13.
Used when there are a lot of categories.
Horizontal Bar Charts
17

14.
Or when the category titles are long
Horizontal Bar Charts
18

15.
Bar Charts
Important Guidelines
4

16.
Parts of a Bar Chart Title
Source
Legend
Measurements
Labels
Categories
20

17.
Only use bar charts to compare values
that are noticeably di
ff
erent
small di
ff
erences won’t show
Guidelines
21

18.
Keep the chart simple and easy to read
don’t include too much information
Guidelines
22

19.
Keep the chart simple and easy to read
Use colors and patterns to make the
graph easy to read
Guidelines
23

20.
Label both scales to show what is being
measured and how
Guidelines
24

21.
Analyzing and
Describing
5

22.
We use bar charts to make the
information easy to process.
27

23.
So when we write about the information,
we don’t have to men
ti
on everything.
28

24.
Don’t discuss the information.
Write a report about it.
Analyzing and Describing
29

25.
Start with a sentence stating what the
chart is about.
Introduction
30

26.
31
Figure 1. Percentage of Students Pro
fi
cient in a Foreign
Language
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
China Romania Thailand India Russia Vietnam
Male Female
Figure 1 shows the percentage of students proficient in a foreign language
in six different countries

27.
Explain the main idea shown in the data.
Topic Sentence - State the Trend
32

28.
33
As shown, overall more female students are proficient in foreign language
than males.
Figure 1. Percentage of Students Pro
fi
cient in a Foreign
Language
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
China Romania Thailand India Russia Vietnam
Male Female

29.
Follow the topic sentence with
supporting sentences that prove the
trend.
Supporting Sentences
34

30.
35
For example, in India, around 67 percent of female students are proficient
in a foreign language compared to just 55 percent of men.
Figure 1. Percentage of Students Pro
fi
cient in a Foreign
Language
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
China Romania Thailand India Russia Vietnam
Male Female

31.
Give 2-3 examples, including specific
information (numbers).
Supporting Sentences
36

32.
37
Similarly, almost 65 percent of female students in Romania are proficient in
another language while less than 45 percent of men are.
Figure 1. Percentage of Students Pro
fi
cient in a Foreign
Language
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
China Romania Thailand India Russia Vietnam
Male Female

33.
38
Likewise, in China, Russia, and Vietnam the percentage of female students
who can speak a foreign language is higher than the percentage of males.
Figure 1. Percentage of Students Pro
fi
cient in a Foreign
Language
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
China Romania Thailand India Russia Vietnam
Male Female

34.
Exceptions
You can also mention exceptions
to the trend.
39

35.
But make it clear they are an
exception
Exceptions
40

36.
41
In fact, Thailand is the only country in the chart where more male students
are proficient in another language.
Figure 1. Percentage of Students Pro
fi
cient in a Foreign
Language
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
China Romania Thailand India Russia Vietnam
Male Female

37.
Finish with a concluding sentence that
restates the main point
Concluding Sentences
42

38.
Making sure to use di
ff
erent language.
Concluding Sentences
43

39.
44
Figure 1. Percentage of Students Pro
fi
cient in a Foreign
Language
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
China Romania Thailand India Russia Vietnam
Male Female
As shown, overall more female students are proficient in foreign language
than males.

40.
45
Figure 1. Percentage of Students Pro
fi
cient in a Foreign
Language
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
China Romania Thailand India Russia Vietnam
Male Female
To conclude, proficiency in a foreign language is far more common
amongst female students than it is amongst males.

41.
The topic and concluding sentence are
like the bun on a burger.
Topic
Details
Reminder

42.
Explicit Comparison

43.
We use bar charts to compare
sets of data
Explicit Comparison
49

44.
50
Approximately 65 percent of women speak a
foreign language. Around 45 percent of men
speak a foreign language.
Implicit Comparison

45.
51
Explicit Comparison
Approximately 65 percent of women speak a
foreign language but only around 45 percent of
men speak one.

46.
use appropriate language to
help make your comparisons
more explicit
Explicit Comparison
52