made by my teacher

9. Used Paper Old polythene bags
Old clothe items Old plastic bottles
Dead leaves Broken glass items
Dead animals Chemicals, medicine
Broken soil items Metallic waste
Wooden materials Nylon materials
Peels of fruits Electronic parts
Spoiled fruits Rubber items

10. Used Paper Old polythene bags
Old clothe items Old plastic bottles
Dead leaves Non-Biodegradable Broken glass items
Dead animals Chemicals, medicine
Broken soil items Biodegradable Metallic waste
Wooden materials Nylon materials
Peels of fruits Electronic parts
Spoiled fruits Rubber items

11. Used Paper  Substances that are broken
down by biological processes
Old clothe items are said to be biodegradable.
Dead leaves
 These materials are normally
Dead animals converted due to the action of
bacteria or other saprophytes.
Broken soil items
Wooden materials
 These does not persist for a
long time.
Peels of fruits
Spoiled fruits

12. Old polythene bags
 Substances that are not
broken down by biological Old plastic bottles
processes are said to be non-
biodegradable. Broken glass items
Chemicals, medicine
 These materials will be acted
upon by physical processes Metallic waste
like heat and pressure, but
under the ambient conditions Nylon materials
found in our environment.
Electronic parts
 These persist for a long time. Rubber items

14.  After conversion in to
simple form these
substances get mixed with
the soil and help to
increase fertility of soil.

15.  These substances may be
inert and simply persist in
the environment for a
long time or may harm
the various members of
the eco-system.

16.  Types of waste materials
 Consequences of adding waste to the environment

17.  Complete exercise NCERT Page No. 257
 1. Why are some substances biodegradable and some non-
biodegradable?
 2. Give any two ways in which biodegradable substances would
affect the environment.
 3. Give any two ways in which non-biodegradable substances
would affect the environment.

19.  Living things and Physical
components within the
surrounding area constitute
environment.

21.  Plants, Animals and Micro
organisms and their species
variety.
 They are also known as
biotic components.

23.  Air (mixture of different
gases like O2, CO2, N2),
water, soils, rock particles,
minerals and other non-
biodegradable products.
 They are also known as
abiotic components.

24.  All these living organisms
interact with each other and
their growth, reproduction
and other activities are
affected by the abiotic
components.

26.  All the interacting organisms in an
area together with the non-living
constituents of the environment
form an ecosystem.
 Thus, an ecosystem consists of
biotic and abiotic components both.

30.  Plants can make organic
compounds like sugar and
starch from inorganic
substances using the radiant
energy of the Sun in the
presence of chlorophyll.

31. Producers Herbivores
Perform photosynthesis, Ex:- Plants Eat plants, Ex- small fish
and phytoplankton
Carnivores
Consumers
Eat meat and flesh, Ex- Big Fish
Consume others
Decomposers Omnivores
Split Dade bodies, Ex- Bacteria Eat both plants and animals, Ex- Duck

33.  Decomposers break-down the
complex organic substances into
simple inorganic substances and
replenish nutrients in the soil.
 Example: Bacteria and fungi

34.  All the interacting organisms in an area together
with the non-living constituents of the
environment form an ecosystem.
 Components of an ecosystem
 Role of decomposers in an ecosystem

35.  Read NCERT Page No. 256-257

37.  All the interacting organisms in an
area together with the non-living
constituents of the environment
form an ecosystem.

39. Producers Herbivores
Carnivores
Consumers
Decomposers Omnivores

41.  Decomposers break-down the
complex organic substances into
simple inorganic substances and
replenish nutrients in the soil.
 Example: Bacteria and fungi

44.  A series of organisms
feeding on one another. This
series of organisms taking
part at various biotic levels
form a food chain.

46.  They fix up the solar energy and
make it available for
Decreasing
heterotrophs or the consumers.
order of They are maximum in number.
biomass
 Ex:- Grass, Plants

47.  The herbivores or the
primary consumers come at
Decreasing the second level.
order of
biomass
 Ex: - Insects, Frog

48.  The small carnivores or the
secondary consumers come
Decreasing at the third level.
order of
biomass
 Ex:- Frog

49.  The large carnivores or the
tertiary consumers come at
the 4th level. They are
Decreasing
order of minimum in number.
biomass
 Ex:-Snake and Eagle

52.  A food web is a graphical
description of feeding
relationships among species
in an ecological community.
 A food web is a series of
related food chains
displaying the movement of
energy and matter through
an ecosystem.

53.  A series of organisms feeding on one another. This series of
organisms taking part at various biotic levels form a food chain.
 Each step or level of the food chain forms a trophic level.
 Trophic level of one food chain may interact with trophic level
of another food chain and form food web

54.  Read NCERT Page No. 257-259
 What are trophic levels? Give an example of a food chain and
state the different trophic levels in it.

56. Decreasing
order of
biomass

63. It can not be
reversed back

66. Decreasin
g order of
biomass

67. Decreasin
g order of
biomass

68. Decreasin
g order of
biomass

69. Decreasin
g order of
biomass

70.  Flow of energy in each trophic level
 Loss of energy in each trophic level

71.  Read NCERT Page No. 259-260

73. The Maldives' government held an underwater cabinet meeting on Saturday
17.09.09 in a bid to focus global attention on rising sea levels.

80.  Biological magnification, is the
increase in concentration of a
substance, such as the pesticide
DDT, that occurs in a food chain
as a consequence of low rate of
internal degradation of the
substance.

83. In 1987, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) succeeded in forging
an agreement to freeze CFC production at 1986 levels.

86. We will
fall
sick
Housing
Complex

88.  Some harmful chemicals enter our bodies through
the food chain
 Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) split O3 and UV rays
come frequently, result skin cancer
 The disposal of the waste we generate is causing
serious environmental problems.

89.  1. What is ozone and how does it affect any ecosystem?
 2. How can you help in reducing the problem of waste disposal?
Give any two methods.
 Complete exercise NCERT Page No. 264-265 (Q.No 1 to 9)