Sterilization . What is it? What is the process of sterilization ? What is it done for? Why a normal human being can understand it from this sterilization?Introduction of sterilization . Summary of sterilization . i have just narrated some of the few points on Sterilization ." I hope u like it"

1. STERILISATION
BY:- Sai Sankalp Paul
Roll no. - 40
M.sc.(applied microbiology)

2. Sterilization :-
The process of killing or removing
bacteria and all other forms of living micro
–organisms and there spores from
preparation.
Essential concept in the preparation of
sterile pharmaceutical products .
It’s aim is to provide a product that is safe
and eliminates the possibility of
introducing.

3. Terms Used in Sterilization :-
Disinfection:-
Antisepsis:-
 Bactericidal agents :-
 Bacteriostatic agents :-
 Cleaning :-
 Decontamination :-

4. Importance of Sterilization:-
• Prevents the
Growth of
Diseases.
• Prevents the
Spread of
Diseases.
• Prevents Double
Surgeries.

5. METHOD OF STERILIZATION:-
PHYSICAL
 Dry Heat Sterilization
 Moist Heat Sterilization
 Sterilization by Radiation
CHEMICAL
 Gaseous Sterilization
 Sterilization by Disinfectant
MECHANICAL
 Filtration

6. Filtration

7. Dry Heat Sterilization :
• It can be done by “OVEN”.
• Specially designed instrument – electrically
heated and thermostatically controlled.
• It is suitable method for sterilization of
substances by moisture.
• But it takes long heating time and require high
temperature.

8. Moist Heat Sterilization:
• It can be done by “AUTOCLAVE”.
• Heating process is done by Saturated
steam under pressure is allowed to
penetrated through materials of 15 lbs
pressure and temperature 121˚C.
• The microbes are killed more efficiency.
• Unsuitable for materials not
withstanding 115˚C or more during
heating .

10. Sterilization by Radiation :
• Alternation of chemicals lead to form new compound
in cells destroying the microorganisms itself.
• Vital structure like nuclear protein are destroyed
killing the microorganisms.
• Cobalt-60: used for gamma ray sterilization.
• It’s a continuous process.
• May lead to color change.

12. Liquid Sterilization :
• Cold sterilization – soaking instruments in disinfectant to eliminate
microorganisms.
Examples:
 Dyes
 Alcohols
 Phenolics
 Halogens
 Heavy Metals
 Chlorhexidine Solution
 Benzalkonium
 Glutaraldehyde

13. Gaseous Sterilization:
• Ethylene oxide used.
• Special type of chemical sterilization using gases and
vapour .
• The gas used is safe and non –inflammable.
• It is useful for sterilizing surgical instruments.
• Very costly equipment.

14. Action of Chemical agents:
• Protein coagulation.
• Disruption of cell
membrane resulting in
exposure, damage, loss
of contents .
• Substrate competition.
• Removal of sulfhydryl
group essential for normal
functioning of enzyme.

15. Mechanical Method :
• The solution to be sterilize is passed through depth-filter or
screen-filter which includes:
• Pharmaceutical solutions are sterilized by this method.
• Filtration filling and sealing process are under a septic condition.
• Sterilization test must be done .

16. 1) Gamma radiation sterilization of medical device is common but
irradiation effect at 2.5 mega rad on a bone replacement material
when started and modified property when investigated by Creep
test.
2) Irradiation increase Creep resistance of material with the formation
of crosslink and then increase in crystality respectively.
3) Biodegradable materials sterilized by gamma radiation may be
associated with some advance effect.