Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease basis of drugs used in treatment and Describe the factors which affect the quality of life of individuals suffering from COPD

1. Medical student Second YEAR/ SALEH ALMSENED
Revised BY DOCTOR SAAD AND MOBASHER
QASSIM University

3. My objective
1-Classify drugs used in the treatment of COPD
(emphysema and chronic bronchitis only). Explain the
pharmacologic basis of drugs used in treatment of COPD.
2- Describe the factors which affect the quality of life of
individuals suffering from COPD (emphysema and chronic
bronchitis only).

4. #Classify
CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE MEDICATIONS
1- Bronchodilators
2- Corticosteroids
3- Combination treatments
SUPPLEMENTAL THERAPIES FOR CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE
PULMONARY DISEASE
Stop smoking
Oxygen
Nutrition
Pulmonary rehabilitation
Surgery
PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF INFECTION IN CHRONIC
OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
Vaccines
Antibiotics

5. first
the symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease cannot be completely eliminated with
treatment and the condition usually worsens over
time. However, treatment can control symptoms and
can sometimes slow the progression of the disease.

6. medications

7. bronchodilator
• A bronchodilator is a substance
that dilates the bronchi and bronchioles
and decreasing resistance in the respiratory
airway and increasing airflow to the lungs.
Bronchodilators may be endogenous or they
may be medications .it mainstay of treatment and
most commonly given in an inhaled

8. Drug MOA Comman
Adverse
effect
Exmple
Bronchodilators
β2-agonists stimulatory G-protein-
--<increased cAMP
intracellur ca ---< M.
relaxtion .
Nervousness ,
Tachycardia ,
Tremor,
Arrythmia ,
short
(albuterol and levalbuterol.)
Long (Salmeterol and
Formoterol)
anticholinergics M3 antagonist ---< M.
relaxation
Dry mouth ,
constipation,
Blurred vision ,
Ipratropium (short)
Tiotropium(long)
Methylxanthines Inhibit phosphdiesterase
–increas cAMP-<
M.relaxation
severe nausea
vomiting,
restlessness ,
Theophylline
Not not commonly used
and The dose must be
monitored carefully by blood
tests because of its potentially

9. Glucocorticoids
 Glucocorticoids potently suppress inflammation.
 anti-inflammatory actions:
 Corticosteroids inhibit the production by multiple cells of factors that are critical
in generating the inflammatory response. As a result , there is :
1. decreased release of vasoactive and chemo attractive factors,
2. decreased secretion of lipolytic and protolytic enzymes ,
3. Inhibition of production and accumulation of inflammatory cells (esinophils &
basophils in lung tissue) .
4. immunosuppressant
5. Increase the sensitivity of B2 receptors for endogenous catecholamin

10. Glucocorticoids
 Preferred used for short term treatment but are not generally
used long-term because of the risk of side effects.
 These drugs are : beclomethasone
 triamcinolone , budesonide and fluticasone
 >> inhaled corticosteroids.
 They are used in prophylaxis .
 The newer and highly potent drugs are fluticasone,
flunisolide, and budesonide
 Oral= Prednisone or prednisolone
 Safe during pregnancy
Side affect
Immunodeficiency
Hyperglycemia
weight gain
Cushing syndrome
Hypertension

11. Combination Therapy
Combinations of short and long-acting bronchodilators,
anticholinergics, and/or glucocorticoids are often used in
people whose symptoms are not completely controlled with
one medication.
example
Short-acting combination inhaler contains albuterol and ipratropium.
depending on the frequency and severity of your symptoms

12. TERAPYsupplemental

13. Stop smoking
One of the MOST important treatments for chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease is for current smokers
to stop smoking. Studies of people with COPD show
that the disease progresses more slowly after stopping
smoking. Most people who stop smoking will cough
less and produce less sputum, although this may take
several months.

14. Other supplemental
Oxygen with COPD can have low oxygen levels in the blood. This
condition, known as hypoxemia. Note who travel by air may be prone to hypoxemia
during travel because of the changes in air pressure inside the plane. in-flight oxygen can be
prescribed.
Nutrition — More than 30 percent of people with severe COPD are not able to eat enough
because of their symptoms (shortness of breath, fatigue). Not eating enough can lead to
malnutrition, which can make symptoms worse and increase the likelihood of infection.
Pulmonary rehabilitation — Pulmonary rehabilitation programs may
include education, exercise training, social support, and instruction on breathing techniques that
helpe .
Surgery
Lung volume reduction surgery
Lung transplantation

15. PREVENTION AND TRETMANT OF
IN FACTION

16. vaccines — Everyone with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
should have a pneumococcal vaccination, which helps prevent a type
of pneumonia . People with COPD should also get an annual flu shot
before flu season. For patients who get the flu, antiviral medications
may be prescribed
Antibiotics are of some benefit in people with a bacterial
respiratory infection who have worsening COPD symptoms. However,
most respiratory infections are caused by viruses, which will not
improve with antibiotic treatment. EXP azithromycin


17. Describe the factors which affect
the quality of life of individuals
suffering from COPD (emphysema
and chronic bronchitis only).

18. Factors:
1. Difficult in breathing.
2. Tired during normal work
3. Anxiety and depression
4. Difficulty in sleeping
5-loss of appetite
6. Increase risk for infection
7. Increase hospital doctor visit
8 affect earning potential
9- in soma casus bleakness

19. sources
Lecture Dr. Attia
Pubmed