about IT having details about the various things used in IT

1. Course Assessment
• Class Participation : 10%
• Test /Assignment/IT Quiz : 10%
• Presentation : 10%
• Mid - Term Exam : 10%
• End -Term Exam : 60%
TOTAL : 100%
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2. CHAPTER 1
Basics of Computing
1.1 Computer Applications
1.2 What is a Computer?
1.3 Computer Generations
1.4 Classification of Computers
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3. Computer Application
• Education
• Banking System
• Science/Aerospace
• Business & Marketing
• Government
• Entertainment
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4. Applications
• At Home
– Mostly to check mails
– Small documentation
– Gaming
– Music and Video
– To solve homework
– Photo Printouts using Good Printers

5. Applications..
• In Education
– Schools to Universities
– To Educate necessary skills demanded by
Industries
– To give a demo or training
– Server the purpose of Teaching Aids
– To convey messages using Internet

6. Applications…
• In Science
– To analyze large data acquired over a period
of time
– To do complex floating point arithmetic
– Image Processing
– Research

7. Applications….
• In Industry
– To develop software, mostly to automate the
manual work
– To provide necessary solution to clients’
needs
– Software is developed for the needs of
networking, banking, business, retail etc

8. Applications…..
• Entertainment
– Music Industry
– Games
– Movies – to watch and create – 200 Linux
Machines in parallel to create visualization in
Titanic, the movie
– Cartoons, special effects
– Nowadays to promote theirs productions

9. Business
• Banking
– To store, access and modify huge amounts of
data
– Online business called e-business is
becoming popular with a small amount of
limitations
– Paying bills become easy and time saving
– online promotions

10. Applications……
• Government
– “Biometrics Attendance Monitoring”
– Weather Forecasting and military
applications
– Online payment of taxes, Insurances

11. What is a Computer?
System Unit
A computer is an electronic machine that can be programmed to accept
data (input), process it into useful information (output), and store it in a
storage media for future use
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12. Computer Generation
1. 1st Generation
2. 2nd Generation
3. 3rd Generation
4. 4th Generation
5. 5th Generation
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13. First Generation of Computers
1. Vacuum tubes
1946-1958

14. Second Generation of Computers
1. Vacuum tubes
2. Transistors
1946-1958 1959-1964

15. Third Generation of Computers
1. Vacuum tubes
2. Transistors
3. Integrated circuits
1946-1958 1959-1964 1964-1970

16. Fourth Generation of Computers
1. Vacuum tubes
2. Transistors
3. Integrated circuits
4. VLSI (very-large-scale integrated) circuits
1946-1958 1959-1964 1964-1970 1971 - present

17. Fifth Generation of Computers
1. Vacuum tubes
2. Transistors
3. Integrated circuits
4. VLSI (very-large-scale integrated) circuits
5. Artificial Intelligence
1944-1958 1959-1964 1964-1970 1971 - present Present & Beyond

18. 1st Generation (1944 - 1958) : Vacuum Tubes
Memory was made up
of hundreds of vacuum
tubes
Gave off so much
heat
Input and output
IBM Punched Card (input)
media were punched
cards and magnetic
tapes
Very large in size,
taking up entire rooms.
Magnetic Tapes (output)
Vacuum Tubes
(memory) 18

19. UNIVAC UNIVersal Automatic Computer ENIAC Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer
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20. 2nd Generation (1959 - 1964) : Transistor
•Vacuum tubes were replaced with transistors
•An electronic switch that alternately allow or disallow
electronic signal to pass, replaces vacuum tubes
•These transistors were made of solid material, some of
which is silicon, therefore they were very cheap to produce
•Much smaller than vacuum tubes, draw less power, and
generate less heat, conduct electricity faster.
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21. 21

22. 3rd Generation (1964 - 1970) : Integrated Circuit
An electronic circuit that packages transistors and other
electronic components into one small silicon chip called
semiconductor.
The number of transistors that is placed on a single chip has
increased, shrinking both the size and cost of computers.
Keyboards and monitors were used.
Magnetic disks were used widely as secondary storage
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23. 23

24. 4th Generation (1971-Present) : Microprocessor
•A silicon chip on which transistors are
integrated onto it.
•Microprocessor can do all the processing of a
full-scale computer – smaller in size , faster in
speed.
•These circuit integrations are known as Large-
scale integrated (LSI) and Very Large-scale
integrated (VLSI) circuits
Microprocessors led to the invention of personal
computers.
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25. 5th Generation (Present & Beyond) : Artificial
Intelligence
•Fifth generation computing devices,
based on Artificial Intelligence, are still
in development, though there are some
applications. such as voice recognition,
that are being used today
•Artificial Intelligence (AI) concerns with
making computers behave and think like
humans.
•AI studies include robotics, expert
systems, games, etc..
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26. Questions
• List the 5 generations of computers.
• Magnetic tapes and vacuum tubes were used
in which generation?
• We are now in the _____ generation.
• Processor = microprocessor = CPU ( T/F?)
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27. Classification of Computers
(1) Supercomputers
•The Fastest computer
•Used for intensive numerical Computation
•The most expensive.
•process billions of instructions in a second
•Can have hundreds of processors.
•Speed is measured in nanoseconds
•used by some exclusive group only
•Main memory around >64 GB & Secondary Storage In TeraByte
•scientific research, weather forecasting, climate research (global warming),
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28. (2)Mainframe
s
•1 to 16 CPUs (modern machines more)
•Organizations such as banks & insurance
companies which process large number of
transactions on-line.
•Process data at very high speed
•Less expensive than Supercomputer
•used for processing large amount of data
•user work with terminal e.g. IBM Mainframe
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29. (3)Workstations
•Powerful desktop computers
•Used by engineers and scientists for
engineering applications,
software development, application
that require a high amount of
computing power
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30. (4)Servers
•designed to support a computer network that allows you to
share files, application software, hardware, such as printers and
other network resources.
•Mainframes, personal computers can be used as a server.
•Server computers usually have following characteristics:
•Designed to be connected to one or more networks
•The most powerful CPUs available
•Multiple CPUs to share the processing tasks
•Large memory and disk storage
•High-speed communications capabilities
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31. (5)Microcomputers / PC
• The most common for home users ,
computers that can fit on a desktop or in
one's briefcase.
• Can perform all of its input, processing,
output and storage activities by itself.
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32. Why are COMPUTERS
so Useful?
• Storage
• Reliability
• Speed
• Accuracy
• Communication
• Versatile
• No Emotions 32

33. Questions
• advantages of computers?
• Supercomputers are used for _______
• What are portable computers?
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