Lec-12 Re-Planning of Cities (Existing Town).pptx

Re-planning of Existing Town
Samirsinh P. Parmar
Dept. of Civil Engineering
Dharmsinh Desai University, Nadiad
Mail: spp.cl@ddu.ac.in, samirddu@gmail.com
CL-410: Town Planning
Lecture-12

Content of the presentation
Objects of replanning
Defects of existing town
Data to be collected
Urban Renewal projects- few ideas
Decentralization- recentralization
Garden City Concept
Three magnet theory
Satellite town- Characteristics
Features need to be added while doing urban renewal projects
Case study- Kashi & Ajodhya Redevelopment
CL-410 TOWN PLANNING, SPP-DOCL, DDU, FOT, NADIAD, GUJARAT, INDIA 2

Objects of Re- planning
 To add further to the civic aesthetics of the town.
 To attempt for an orderly, appropriate and balanced arrangement of land use.
 To contribute to the economic and social welfare of the community.
 To correct the past errors as far as possible.
 To develop healthy, attractive and efficient environment within the finance available
 To insure against the possible future errors.
 To provide the scheme which will control the future growth and development of the
town
 To suggest short-term and long term measures for the future growth of town.

Defects of Existing towns
1. Absence of co-ordination between various forms of public transport facilities;
2. Absence of neighborhood development in the residential areas;
3. Absence of the parking facilities for the vehicles;
4. Absence of sites for the industrial developments;
5. Acute shortage of well-planned houses;
6. Conditions favoring traffic congestion, resulting into more number of traffic
accidents;
7. Considerable distance between places of works and homes resulting in wastage
of time, energy and money;
8. Construction of high rise building any consideration of light and ventilation of the
surrounding buildings;

9. Development of residential areas over new lands without any
considerations for amenity, convenience and health;
10.Excessive costs of the public utility services as they are laid without any
regard to the future needs;
11.Existence of slums around central business area with excessive density
of population;
12.Improper grouping of the buildings causing inconvenience to the public;
13.Inadequate provision and distribution of the parks and playgrounds;
14.Insufficiency of main traffic routes;
15.Insufficiency and improper location of the public buildings;

16. Intrusion of undesirable industries and shops into residential areas;
17. Lack of cohesive civic designs of buildings;
18. Location of shopping centers on main roads leading to the traffic
congestion and accidents;
19. Overcrowding of land with buildings and buildings with population;
20. Lack of parking faculties;
21. Faulty storm water disposal system design;
22. Absence of green areas etc.

Defects of
Existing
Cities /
Towns

Urban Sprawl

MAXICO CITY

Traffic Congestion
The problem of traffic congestion
observed in almost all cities of India.
The main reasons behind this is:
• No futuristic planning
• Absence of knowledge of town
planning
• Encouragement to encroachment
• Non scientific approach of most
of urban development bodies
• Town planning scheme is
governed by respective cities real
estate sector and politicians.

Problems:
• Overcrowding
• Traffic congestion
• Electrical Wires hanging anywhere
• Walkway encroached

Solid Waste Disposal

Solid Waste Management

Air Pollution

Noise Pollution

AVERAGE PEAK LEVELS

Mobile Tower Radiation

Problems
Are

1. Arrangements to convey sewage and storm water;
2. Character, distribution and type of existing industries;
3. Communication amenities;
4. Conditions of social and community life;
5. Economic basis of town;
6. Existing density of population in various parts of town;
7. Existing land uses and land values

8. Existing parks and playgrounds;
9. History and causes of growth of town;
10.Housing condition;
11.Means of refuse collection and disposal;
12.Nature and distribution of the town centers;
13.Physical features of the town;
14.Public utility services etc;

Important aspects of an urban renewal project:
1. Conservation
2. Co-operation
3. Development plan
4. Finance
5. Legislation
6. Period of project
7. Re-development
8. Rehabilitation
Urban Renewal Projects

Conservation
“Bhadra No Killo”, Ahmedabad is
an example of conservation of
ancient monuments, while doing
redevelopment of town/ city.

Conservation
Mani Mandir, Morbi Nagar Darwaja, Morbi

IDEAS FOR URBAN RENEWAL

Few ideas for Urban Renewal
Projects
Thinking town planning not just in horizontal direction (2D Problem) , but
now it is a 3D Project
1) Use of Underground space
2) Decentralization & Recentralization
3) Garden city
4) Satellite towns (Suburb’s on outskirts of city)

Use of underground space
will make it possible to
reduce the urban noise, fire
hazards and air pollution.
It is also possible to locate
underground structures and
buildings such as cinemas,
shopping centers etc., which
practically do not require day
light and which are used by
people only for short time.

Advantages of use of underground space
(i) It will increase the area of green spots, sports complexes, places of rest
and recreation, etc.
(ii) It will result in the application of more economic systems of engineering
infrastructures and thereby the lengths of pipe lines and cables will also
be reduced because their locations will be near their consumers.
(iii) The culture and public facilities and services will be brought together and
the public will be concentrated at transportation facilities.
(iv) The transportation organization of the city will be improved, resulting in its
efficiency.
(v) The underground space may prove to be the ideal locations for various
public utility service, public buildings, transportation facilities etc.

Use of Underground space

2)Decentralization & Recentralization
Centers of different zones

Main
City
Sub
urbs

Cont….
 Decentralization: Mostly affords many community advantages such as
dispersion of industries, better living conditions for workers, more
opportunities for employment, stimulation of country development etc.
 Unplanned decentralization of both industry and population may lead to
evils such as ribbon development, lack of skilled labors, higher costs of
production, inadequate supply of raw materials, etc.
 Basic idea in decentralization as well as recentralization is to make town
more healthy by introducing the advantages of country or village.

Cont….
The arrangements to be accepted for decentralization and recentralization include the
following:
1) Diffusion of residential units into compact residential neighborhoods
throughout the whole urban region;
2) Recentralization of industry with the objects of lessening the density of
congested centers and of creation of new centers;
3) Sub-centralization of business centers so arranged as to provide the
maximum convenience to the residential areas etc.;

3) Garden city
Floated by Ebenezer Howard (1850-1928) , Published a book “ Garden Cities of
Tomorrow”.
He conceived the idea of a city, called by him a garden city, to reconcile country life and
town life and to grant various other advantages to population of this garden city.
Thus, Garden city means, City of gardens or City in a Garden.
Ebenezer Howard (1850-1928)

3) Garden city
A garden city is a town
designed for healthy living
and industry; of a size that
makes possible a full
measure of social life, but
not larger; surrounded by
a rural belt; the whole of
the land being in public
ownership or held in trust
for the community.

Some of the important features of Garden City are –
• 1000 acres of towns designed for healthy living and industry
• 5000 acres if permanent green belt which surrounds the
whole town
• Density of 12 families per acre
• A large central park & having public buildings.
• limited size of approx. 32000 people, planned in advance
and land in single ownership to eliminate overcrowding.

3) Garden city
Thus the principles of a garden city can be briefly summarized as follows:
1) Co-operative holding of land to insure that the advantage of appreciation
of land values goes to the community and not to the private individuals;
2) Economic and social advantages of the large-scale planning;
3) Establishment of cities limited in size, but at the same time, possessing a
balanced agricultural industrial economy;
4) Urban decentralization; and
5) Use of a surrounding green belt to serve as an agricultural recreational
area and to assist the extension of limit.

Three Magnet Theory

Three Magnet Theory
Town – The pull of ‘Town Magnet’ are the opportunities for work and high wages, social
opportunities, amusements and well – lit streets.
The pull of ‘Country Magnet’ is in natural beauty, fresh air, healthfulness.
It was closing out of nature, offered isolation of crowds and distance from work.
But it came at a cost of foul air, costly drainage, murky sky and slums.
Country – It offered natural beauty, low rents, fresh air, meadow but had low wages and
lack of drainage.
Country has dullness, lack of society, low wages, lack of amusements and general
decay.

Three Magnet Theory
Town- Country – It is a combination of both town and countryside with aim of providing
benefits of both and offered beauty of nature, social opportunity, fields of easy access,
low rent, high wages and field of enterprise.
Thus, the solution was found in a combination of the advantages of Town and Country –
the ‘Town – Country Magnet’ – it was proposed as a town in the Country, and having
within it the amenities of natural beauty, fresh air and healthfulness.
Thus advantages of the Town – Country are seed to be free from the disadvantages of
either.

Main Components of Garden
City Concept
1. Planned Dispersal: The organized outward migration of industries
and people to towns of sufficient size to provide the services, variety of
occupations, and level of culture needed by a balanced cross – section
of modern society.
2. Limit of Town – size: The growth of towns to be limited, in order that
their inhabitants may live near work, shops, social centers, and each
other and also near open country.
3. Amenities: The internal texture of towns to be open enough to permit
houses with private gardens, adequate space for schools and other
functional purposes, and pleasant parks and parkways.

4. Town and Country Relationship: The town area to be defined and a
large area around it reserved permanently for agriculture; thus
enabling the farm people to be assured of a nearby market and cultural
center, and the town people to have the benefit of a country situation.
5. Planning Control: Pre – planning of the whole town framework,
including the road – scheme, and functional zoning; the fixing of
maximum densities; the control of building as to quality and design, but
allowing for individual variety; skillful planting and landscape garden
design.
6. Neighborhoods: The town to be divided into wards, each to some
extent a developmental and social entity.
Main Components of Garden
City Concept

4) Satellite town (Suburbs)
 The term “…Satellite town “first used by G.R. Taylor in
1915.
 The term Satellite town is at times used to designate a
place that is at a distance from the city, but linked to it
through the daily commuting of people.
 It is limited in size built in the vicinity of large town or city.
 Satellite city experiences cross commuting (that is city
residents commuting out of and employees commuting in
to the city).

The list of 10 satellite townships selected for their livability quotient:

Characteristics of satellite city:
1) The basic characteristic of satellite city is that it is a smaller city near a large
metropolitan city which has its own local govt. and economy which is
independent of the neighboring large city.
2) Satellite cities are interconnected with larger cities but are completely
independent of the larger cities nearby. Sometimes the larger cities are
locally known parent city.
3) Satellite city have their own culture, own history and their own independent
economic infrastructure

Characteristics of satellite city:
4) Satellite cities are not developed as the larger cities nearby. The
populations of satellite city are much smaller than that of the larger city
nearby. Many amenities and infrastructure facilities that are available in
large cities nearby are not prominent in the satellite cities. Residents of
satellite cities are known to travel regularly to the large city nearby for work,
recreational and other reason.
5) There are good transport service between the satellite city and the large
parent city nearby.
6) Students often travel to higher education institutions in the parent city as
often quality educational institutions are located in the large city nearby and
not in the satellite town or city.

Example of satellite cities in Bharat:
India –
1) Nagrota (J&K )
2) Gurgaon , Faridabad , Noida (Delhi)
3) Haldia, Durgapur, chittaranjan,
Kharagapur, Haringhata ( Mumbai )
Gurgaon , Faridabad , Noida (Delhi)

Comparison of garden cities and satellite
towns
Sr. No. Feature Garden Cities Satellite towns
1 Dependence Self-sufficient and Self-
contained unit
Dependent on the parent city
except having local shops,
primary schools etc.
2 gardens Around all houses and
factories
Not compulsory
3 Green Belt Surrounded by green belt Situated outside green belt of
the parent city
4 Industries Permitted Not Permitted

Comparison of garden cities and satellite
towns
Sr. No. Feature Garden Cities Satellite towns
5 Rapid transit arrangement Not necessary Necessary in the form of local
trains and buses
6 Roads and communication Some roads are arterial and
others are communication
streets
Only one arterial road to the
parent city
7 Zoning Essential Mayor may not have

The principal phases of an urban planning
process are:
1. Preparatory / exploration phase
2. Feasibility / planning phase
3. Formal planning / zoning phase
4. Design and implementation phase
5. Operational phase

Removal of Encroachments
Encroachments from such lands can be removed under Section 19 of the Act. The
Managing Officer (Tehsildar Mahal) can issue notice under section 19(3) and eject the un-
authorized persons. Section 19(4) empowers him to recover damages for un-authorized
possession.

Widening of roads

Transport
Sector
(Rapid transit
systems)

BRTS
 Applicable where lane width available
 Select and design the routes carefully
 Compare with metros or subways

Metro Railway line

Bye-pass road from the Main city
Flyovers in a city

Beautification of lakes
Vastrapur lake , Ahmedabad Kankaria Lake, Ahmedabad

Adding recreational places:

Case Study: Kashi Redevelopment
Reference: https://openthemagazine.com/cover-
story/kashi-vishwanath-temple-the-grand-makeover/

Case Study: Kashi Redevelopment

Case Study: Ajodhya Redevelopment

Ajodhya: Swanky new railway station modelled
Ajodhya: RAMA Temple Corridor

(Image: Piyush Goyal Twitter)
Ayodhya Railway Station Ayodhya : Proposed RAMA Temple

AYODHYA REDEVELOPMENT FEATURES: GLIMPSES
1. Ayodhya tirtha council to be made.
2. 100 cr of investment to the Expansion of railway stations near Ayodhya.
3. 5 km of flyover to be constructed between Ayodhya to Faizabad
4. The world's largest statue of lord Rama (larger than STATUE OF UNITY) of 251 meters to be built on
the bank of Saryu river in Ayodhya.
5. International airport to be built in Ayodhya, expected to be commenced before Ram Navami in April
2020.
6. 5 five-star hotels are going to build in Ayodhya from December.
7. 10 big resorts to be start to construct from next year.
8. More than 2000 workers will be jobbed for this great mission so that the temple could build in 2.5 years.
While 65% of the stones have been already carved.
9. Preparations to be done to cruise in the Saryu River.
10.Ayodhya city will take 4 years to settle like Tirupati bala ji.
11.Ram mandir to be built in Ayodhya, will become the largest religious place in the country.
12.International bus stands to be built in Ayodhya
13.The trust will also take the accountability to look after the 5 km surroundings region of the temple.
14.Severals religious institutions will be built in the 77 acres of campus near the temple.
15.Go Shala, Dharamshala and Vedic Institutes are too proposed to build.
16.Over 3 thousands Ranbasera hotels will be built.
17.All the furrows or spots associated with Lord Rama will get back into the life.

Lec-12 Re-Planning of Cities (Existing Town).pptx

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (20)

Similar to Lec-12 Re-Planning of Cities (Existing Town).pptx

Similar to Lec-12 Re-Planning of Cities (Existing Town).pptx (20)

More from Samirsinh Parmar

More from Samirsinh Parmar (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Lec-12 Re-Planning of Cities (Existing Town).pptx