Respiratory System of Animals

1. ANIMAL SYSTEMS
Respiratory
Chapter
DOLOR SET AMET

2. CHAPTER 1
Respiratory
System

3. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Upper and Lower
Respiratory System
The respiratory system brings in oxygen from the air, expels
carbon dioxide, and can only function with the help of the
circulatory system.
The upper respiratory consists of six different parts; the
mucous membranes, mucous, cilia, pharynx, epiglottis, and
the larynx.
The mucous mem-brane
is the lining of
the respiratory tract
that secretes mucous.
Mucous is a slimy se-cretion
that helps
warm, moisten, and fil-ter
air. Cilia are tiny
wave-like hairs that
line the nostrils and also helps filter air.
The pharynx is the passageway for the respiratory system that
is shared with the digestive system. The epiglottis is a tiny flap
that covers the larynx during swallowing. The larynx is the
voice box. It contains vocal cords that vibrate when air passes
through, which creates sound.
The lower respiratory system consists of seven different parts;
the trachea, bronchi, the bronchial tree, the bronchioles, alve-oli,
the lungs, and the diaphragm.
The trachea is the windpipe,
it has rings of cartilage that
help keep its shape. The bron-chi
are branches at the bot-tom
of the trachea that are
connected to the lungs. The
bronchial tree is a term that
describes the branches of the
bronchi as it is similar to a
tree. Bronchioles are the
smallest branch on the bron-chi.
Alveoli are grape-like
clusters at the end of the
bronchioles where exchange
of gases occurs. The lungs
are a pair of organs that con-tain
the bronchi and are di-vided
into clearly defined lobes. The diaphragm is a muscle
that is located below the lungs and when it contracts, the
lungs fill with air.
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4. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Vocabulary
There are seven useful vocabulary terms in the respiratory sys-tem.
Inhalation, exhalation, apnea, dyspnea, bradypnea,
tachypnea, and respiration.
Inhalation is the drawing of breath, while exhalation is the re-lease
of breath.
Apnea is a term for not breathing, often related to sleep
apnea, when people stop
breathing for a short pe-riod
of time while sleep-ing.
Dyspnea is difficulty
breathing.
Bradypnea is the term for an abnormally slow breathing rate.
Tachypnea is an abnormally fast breathing rate. Both can be
harmful because the heart needs to work faster to get oxygen
flowing through the body.
Respiration is the gas exchange in the lungs.
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5. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Equine Respiratory
Problems - Strangles
Strangles is scientifically known as Streptococcus equi infec-tion.
Which is unpleasant and
also highly contagious. Most
horses that have strangles can
recover but it is a serious dis-ease
which can be fatal.
Symptoms of strangles start
with a sudden fever. Nasal dis-charge
will then occur and will
typically start out watery, and
later on get thick and sticky.
Depression will start to kick in, causing lack of appetite, and
difficulty swallowing. After about a week, lymph nodes will
start to swell between the jaw bones and behind the throat.
Treating strangles starts with feeding soft and moist food, to
help with difficulty swallowing. Antibiotics should also be
given immediately to get rid of any infections and prevent new
ones.
Prevention can begin with vaccines. There are two types avail-able
for strangles, one is
injectable and the other
is a spray. There have
been tests proving these
can not stop strangles
altogether but it can
make the disease less
severe.
Other ways to help pre-vent
an outbreak is to keep horses from leaving and coming to
the barn. If a horse has strangles keep them in quarantine and
away from all other horses. Temperatures should be taken
daily and if any horses suddenly have a fever, quarantine
them.
After an outbreak is over, throughly clean anything that may
have come to contact with
any infected horses. Any
quarantine areas should be
left alone for at least 4
weeks.
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