Industry 4.0
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Industry 4.0 represents the fourth industrial revolution in manufacturing and industry. Industry 4.0 is the current industrial transformation with automation, data exchanges, cloud, cyber-physical systems, robots, Big Data, AI, IoT and (semi-)autonomous industrial techniques to realize smart industry and manufacturing goals in the intersection of people, new technologies and innovation. IoT (Internet of Things), the convergence of IT and OT, rapid application development, digital twin simulation models, cyber-physical systems, advanced robots and cobots, additive manufacturing, autonomous production, consistent engineering across the entire value chain, thorough data collection and provisioning, horizontal and vertical integration, the cloud, big data analytics, virtual/augmented reality and edge computing amidst a shift of intelligence towards the edge (artificial intelligence indeed with a convergence of AI and IoT and other technologies): these are some of the essential technological components of the fourth industrial revolution. Those are quite a lot of terms and components indeed. Yet, Industry 4.0 is a rather vast vision and, increasingly, a vast reality that also stretches beyond merely these technological aspects. It is an end-to-end industrial transformation.
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Industry 4.0
- 2. Industry 4.0 Industrial Internet Internet of Things Internet of Everything What is Industry 4.0 ? Definition and Development The term Industry 4.0 refers to a further developmental stage in the organization and management of the entire value chain process involved in manufacturing industry. Also referred as ‘fourth industrial revolution’.
- 3. 1870 2nd INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION First assembly 4 TIMELINE The INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 1765 1st INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION First mechanical weaving loom 1969 3rd INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Programmable logic control system 2014 4th INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Cyber-physical production systems
- 4. 1765 1st INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION • The first industrial revolution, which REALLY was a revolution, and, • invention of steam machines, • the usage of water and steam power and all sorts of other machines, • industrial transformation of society with trains, • mechanization of manufacturing and loads of smog. File:Power loom weaving. Wellcome L0011293.jpg Wikimedia Commons
- 5. 1870 2nd INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION The second industrial revolution is typically seen as the period where • electricity and • new manufacturing ‘inventions’ which it enabled, • such as the assembly line, • mass production and to some extent to automation. http://victoria.cdlr.strath.ac.uk/browseTimeline.php?group=&year1=&year2=
- 6. File:Power loom weaving. Wellcome L0011293.jpg Wikimedia Commons 1969 3rd INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION The third industrial revolution had everything to do with the • rise of computers, • computer networks (WAN, LAN, MAN,), • the rise of robotics in manufacturing, • connectivity and obviously the birth of the Internet, • that big game changer in the ways information is handled and shared, • with far more automation.
- 7. 2014 4th INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION It encompasses use of robotics artificial intelligence smart manufacturing and increasing digitisation.
- 8. Design principles There are four design principles in Industry 4.0. These principles support companies in identifying and implementing Industry 4.0 scenarios. Interoperability Information transparency Technical assistance Decentralized decisions
- 9. Advanced Robotics Additive Manufacturing Augmented Reality Simulation Horizontal/Verti cal Integration Industrial Internet The Cloud Cybersecurity Big Data & Analytics. 9 digital industrial technologies:
- 10. Effects The world of production will become more and more networked until everything is interlinked with everything else The complexity of production and supplier networks will grow enormously. Interconnected multiple factories or even geographical regions.
- 11. Challenges • IT security issues, • Reliability and stability needed for critical M2M communication, • Need to avoid any IT snags, • Need to protect industrial know how • Lack of adequate skill-sets • Threat of redundancy of the corporate IT department • Loss of many jobs to automatic processes and IT-controlled processes • Low top management commitment • Unclear legal issues and data security • Unclear economic benefits/ Excessive investment • Lack of regulation, standard and forms of certifications • Insufficient qualification of employees
- 12. Impact of Industry 4.0 Proponents of the term claim Industry 4.0 will affect many areas, most notably: 1. Services and business models 2. Reliability and continuous productivity 3. IT security 4. Machine safety 5. Product lifecycles 6. Industry value chain 7. Workers' education and skills 8. Socio-economic factors Industry 4.0 Gives Birth to a New Generation of Jobs Industrial Data Scientists Robot Coordinator Industrial UX Designer IT/IoT Solution Architect
- 13. Technology Roadmap for Industry 4.0 The required key technologies for Industry 4.0 transformation such as Artificial Intelligence, Internet Of Things, Machine Learning, Cloud Systems, Cybersecurity, Adaptive Robotics cause radical changes in the business processes of organizations.
- 14. References 1. Hermann, Pentek, Otto, 2016: Design Principles for Industrie 4.0 Scenarios, 4 May 2016 2. Jürgen Jasperneite:Was hinter Begriffen wie Industrie 4.0 steckt in Computer & Automation, 19 December 2012. 3. Kagermann, H., W. Wahlster and J. Helbig, eds., 2013: Recommendations for implementing the strategic initiative Industrie 4.0: Final report of the Industrie 4.0 Working Group 4. Heiner Lasi, Hans-Georg Kemper, Peter Fettke, Thomas Feld, Michael Hoffmann: Industry 4.0. In: Business & Information Systems Engineering 4 (6), pp. 239-242 5. Marr, Bernard. "Why Everyone Must Get Ready For The 4th Industrial Revolution". Forbes. Retrieved 2018-02- 14. 6. BMBF-Internetredaktion (21 January 2016). "Zukunftsprojekt Industrie 4.0 - BMBF". Bmbf.de. Retrieved 2016- 11-30. 7. "Industrie 4.0: Mit dem Internet der Dinge auf dem Weg zur 4. industriellen Revolution". Vdi-nachrichten.com (in German). 1 April 2011. Retrieved 2016-11-30.
- 15. THANK YOU
Editor's Notes
- This being said, time for a deeper dive. As per usual, everything starts with understanding what exactly we are talking about, what are the benefits and how it is all evolving and impacting organizations in real life.
- Interoperability: The ability of machines, devices, sensors, and people to connect and communicate with each other via the Internet of Things (IoT) or the Internet of People (IoP) Information transparency: The ability of information systems to create a virtual copy of the physical world by enriching digital plant models with sensor data. This requires the aggregation of raw sensor data to higher-value context information. Technical assistance: First, the ability of assistance systems to support humans by aggregating and visualizing information comprehensibly for making informed decisions and solving urgent problems on short notice. Second, the ability of cyber physical systems to physically support humans by conducting a range of tasks that are unpleasant, too exhausting, or unsafe for their human co-workers. Decentralized decisions: The ability of cyber physical systems to make decisions on their own and to perform their tasks as autonomously as possible. Only in the case of exceptions, interferences, or conflicting goals, are tasks delegated to a higher level.
- According to Dais, "it is highly likely that the world of production will become more and more networked until everything is interlinked with everything else". While this sounds like a fair assumption and the driving force behind the Internet of Things, it also means that the complexity of production and supplier networks will grow enormously. Networks and processes have so far been limited to one factory. But in an Industry 4.0 scenario, these boundaries of individual factories will most likely no longer exist. Instead, they will be lifted in order to interconnect multiple factories or even geographical regions.
- Challenges in implementation of Industry 4.0: IT security issues, which are greatly aggravated by the inherent need to open up those previously closed production shops Reliability and stability needed for critical machine-to-machine communication (M2M), including very short and stable latency times Need to maintain the integrity of production processes Need to avoid any IT snags, as those would cause expensive production outages Need to protect industrial know how (contained also in the control files for the industrial automation gear) Lack of adequate skill-sets to expedite the march towards fourth industrial revolution Threat of redundancy of the corporate IT department General reluctance to change by stakeholders Loss of many jobs to automatic processes and IT-controlled processes, especially for lower educated parts of society Low top management commitment Unclear legal issues and data security Unclear economic benefits/ Excessive investment Lack of regulation, standard and forms of certifications Insufficient qualification of employees
- Proponents of the term claim Industry 4.0 will af fect many areas, most notably: Services and business models Reliability and continuous productivity IT security: Companies like Symantec, Cisco, and Penta Security have already begun to address the issue of IoT security Machine safety Product lifecycles Industry value chain Workers' education and skills Socio-economic factors Industry Demonstration: To help industry understand the impact of Industry 4.0, Cincinnati Mayor John Cranley , signed a proclamation to state "Cincinnati to be Industry 4.0 Demonstration City". An article published in February 2016 suggests that Industry 4.0 may have a beneficial effects for emerging economies such as India.
- From both strategic and technological perspectives, the Industry 4.0 roadmap visualizes every further step on the route towards an entirely digital enterprise. In order to achieve success in the digital transformation process, it is necessary to prepare the technology roadmap in the most accurate way. In today’s business, Industry 4.0 is driven by digital transformation in vertical/horizontal value chains and product/service offerings of the companies. The required key technologies for Industry 4.0 transformation such as artificial intelligence, internet of things, machine learning, cloud systems, cybersecurity, adaptive robotics cause radical changes in the business processes of organizations.